The Experts below are selected from a list of 39636 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John G Kerns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive Functioning Component mechanisms and schizophrenia
Biological Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: John G Kerns, Keith H Nuechterlein, Todd S Braver, M DeannaAbstract:Background Executive Functioning refers to a set of processes involved in complex, goal-directed thought and behavior involving multiple brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, basal ganglia) and multiple neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid). People with schizophrenia exhibit executive Functioning deficits that are associated with treatment-refractory aspects of the disorder. Although there is general consensus about what cognitive tasks involve executive Functioning, there is disagreement about the specific cognitive mechanisms that comprise executive Functioning. Methods This article discusses a number of possible candidate executive Functioning mechanisms and provides a summary of the consensus reached by the executive Functioning discussion group at the first CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience for Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting in Washington, DC. Results The consensus was that two constructs have a well-founded basis in basic cognitive neuroscience research and seem to be impaired in schizophrenia: 1) rule generation and selection; and 2) dynamic adjustments in control (i.e., after conflict and errors). Conclusions The consensus of the first CNTRICS meeting was that immediate translation of measures of these constructs for use in schizophrenia should be pursued. A number of other constructs (e.g., scheduling, sequencing) could also be very important for schizophrenia and are in need of more basic and more clinical research.
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the relationship between formal thought disorder and executive Functioning Component processes
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: John G Kerns, Howard BerenbaumAbstract:In 2 studies, associations between formal thought disorder (FTD) and 2 Components of executive Functioning, processing of context and interference resolution, were investigated. One study, involving people with schizophrenia, examined associations between performance on processing of context (N-back) and interference resolution (interference in Sternberg probe recognition) tasks and FTD. The second study, involving nonpsychiatric participants, was an analogue study that examined the effects of stimulated processing of context (performance of 1-back with distraction) and interference resolution (telling new stories about previously seen pictures) deficits on FTD in a speech production task. In both studies, processing of context deficits predicted FTD. Moreover, in both studies, the effect of processing of context deficits on FTD was especially pronounced when combined with interference resolution deficits.
Howard Berenbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between formal thought disorder and executive Functioning Component processes
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: John G Kerns, Howard BerenbaumAbstract:In 2 studies, associations between formal thought disorder (FTD) and 2 Components of executive Functioning, processing of context and interference resolution, were investigated. One study, involving people with schizophrenia, examined associations between performance on processing of context (N-back) and interference resolution (interference in Sternberg probe recognition) tasks and FTD. The second study, involving nonpsychiatric participants, was an analogue study that examined the effects of stimulated processing of context (performance of 1-back with distraction) and interference resolution (telling new stories about previously seen pictures) deficits on FTD in a speech production task. In both studies, processing of context deficits predicted FTD. Moreover, in both studies, the effect of processing of context deficits on FTD was especially pronounced when combined with interference resolution deficits.
M Deanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive Functioning Component mechanisms and schizophrenia
Biological Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: John G Kerns, Keith H Nuechterlein, Todd S Braver, M DeannaAbstract:Background Executive Functioning refers to a set of processes involved in complex, goal-directed thought and behavior involving multiple brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, basal ganglia) and multiple neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid). People with schizophrenia exhibit executive Functioning deficits that are associated with treatment-refractory aspects of the disorder. Although there is general consensus about what cognitive tasks involve executive Functioning, there is disagreement about the specific cognitive mechanisms that comprise executive Functioning. Methods This article discusses a number of possible candidate executive Functioning mechanisms and provides a summary of the consensus reached by the executive Functioning discussion group at the first CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience for Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting in Washington, DC. Results The consensus was that two constructs have a well-founded basis in basic cognitive neuroscience research and seem to be impaired in schizophrenia: 1) rule generation and selection; and 2) dynamic adjustments in control (i.e., after conflict and errors). Conclusions The consensus of the first CNTRICS meeting was that immediate translation of measures of these constructs for use in schizophrenia should be pursued. A number of other constructs (e.g., scheduling, sequencing) could also be very important for schizophrenia and are in need of more basic and more clinical research.
Birgit Prodinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toward the international classification of Functioning disability and health icf rehabilitation set a minimal generic set of domains for rehabilitation as a health strategy
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2016Co-Authors: Birgit Prodinger, Alarcos Cieza, Cornelia Oberhauser, Jerome Bickenbach, Tevfik Bedirhan Ustun, Somnath Chatterji, Gerold StuckiAbstract:Abstract Objective To develop a comprehensive set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories as a minimal standard for reporting and assessing Functioning and disability in clinical populations along the continuum of care. The specific aims were to specify the domains of Functioning recommended for an ICF Rehabilitation Set and to identify a minimal set of environmental factors (EFs) to be used alongside the ICF Rehabilitation Set when describing disability across individuals and populations with various health conditions. Design Secondary analysis of existing data sets using regression methods (Random Forests and Group Lasso regression) and expert consultations. Setting Along the continuum of care, including acute, early postacute, and long-term and community rehabilitation settings. Participants Persons (N=9863) with various health conditions participated in primary studies. The number of respondents for whom the dependent variable data were available and used in this analysis was 9264. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures For regression analyses, self-reported general health was used as a dependent variable. The ICF categories from the Functioning Component and the EF Component were used as independent variables for the development of the ICF Rehabilitation Set and the minimal set of EFs, respectively. Results Thirty ICF categories to be complemented with 12 EFs were identified as relevant to the identified ICF sets. The ICF Rehabilitation Set constitutes of 9 ICF categories from the Component body functions and 21 from the Component activities and participation. The minimal set of EFs contains 12 categories spanning all chapters of the EF Component of the ICF. Conclusions The identified sets proposed serve as minimal generic sets of aspects of Functioning in clinical populations for reporting data within and across heath conditions, time, clinical settings including rehabilitation, and countries. These sets present a reference framework for harmonizing existing information on disability across general and clinical populations.
R Pioli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development reliability and acceptability of a new version of the dsm iv social and occupational Functioning assessment scale sofas to assess routine social funtioning
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2000Co-Authors: Pierluigi Morosini, Lorenza Magliano, L Brambilla, S Ugolini, R PioliAbstract:Morosini P-L, Magliano L, Brambilla L, Ugolini S, Pioli R. Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social funtioning. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000: 101:323–329. © Munksgaard 2000. Objective: Development of a scale to assess patients' social Functioning, the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). Method: PSP has been developed through focus groups and reliability studies on the basis of the social Functioning Component of the DSM-TV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The last reliability study was carried out by 39 workers with different professional roles on a sample of 61 psychiatric patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit. Each patient was rated independently on the scale by the two workers who knew them best. Results: The PSP is a 100–point single-item rating scale, subdivided into 10 equal intervals. The ratings are based mainly on the assessment of patient's Functioning in four main areas: 1) socially useful activities; 2) personal and social relationships; 3) self-care; and 4) disturbing and aggressive behaviours. Operational criteria to rate the levels of disabilities have been defined for the above-mentioned areas. Excellent inter-rater reliability was also obtained in less educated workers. Conclusion: Compared to SOFAS, PSP has better face validity and psychometric properties. It was found to be an acceptable, quick and valid measure of patients' personal and social Functioning.
