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Rochelle Caplan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Thought Disorder in childhood schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Research, 2011Co-Authors: Ronald R Seese, Prabha Siddarth, Jennifer G. Levitt, Joseph Oneill, Matthew Hudkins, Ben Tseng, Rochelle CaplanAbstract:Objective Although magnetic resonance spectroscopy has identified metabolic abnormalities in adult and childhood schizophrenia, no prior studies have investigated the relationship between neurometabolites and Thought Disorder. This study examined this association in language-related brain regions using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI).
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Thought Disorder and frontotemporal volumes in pediatric epilepsy.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2008Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Prabha Siddarth, Suresh Gurbani, Jennifer G. Levitt, Janelle Taylor, Melita Daley, Raman SankarAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine if volumes of frontotemporal regions associated with language were related to Thought Disorder in 42 children, aged 5–16 years, with cryptogenic epilepsy, all of whom had complex partial seizures (CPS). The children with CPS and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy children underwent brain MRI scans at 1.5 T. Tissue was segmented, and total brain, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe volumes were computed. Thought Disorder measures, IQ, and seizure information were collected for each patient. The subjects with CPS had more Thought Disorder, smaller total gray matter and orbital frontal gray matter volumes, as well as larger temporal lobe white matter volumes than the control group. In the CPS group, Thought Disorder was significantly related to smaller orbital frontal and inferior frontal gray matter volumes, increased Heschl’s gyrus gray matter volumes, and smaller superior temporal gyrus white matter volumes. However, significantly larger orbital frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and temporal lobe gray matter volumes and decreased Heschl’s gyrus white matter volumes were associated with Thought Disorder in the control group. These findings suggest that Thought Disorder might represent a developmental disability involving frontotemporal regions associated with language in pediatric CPS.
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Thought Disorder: A developmental disability in pediatric epilepsy.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2006Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Prabha Siddarth, Caroline E. Bailey, Erin K. Lanphier, Suresh Gurbani, Raman SankarAbstract:This study compared Thought Disorder (i.e., impaired use of language to formulate and organize Thoughts) in 93 children with complex partial seizures (CPSs) and 56 children with primary generalized epilepsy with absence (PGE) and its relationship to age, seizure, cognitive, and linguistic variables. By the use of psychopathology, social competence, academic achievement, and school problem measures, the functional implications of Thought Disorder in these two groups were compared. When demographic variables were controlled for, there were no significant differences in Thought Disorder scores between the CPS and PGE groups. However, the profile of age, gender, seizure, and cognitive variables related to Thought Disorder differed in the CPS and PGE groups. Within each group, different aspects of Thought Disorder were associated with different seizure variables. Thought Disorder was related to psychopathology, school problems, decreased academic achievement, and poor peer interaction in the CPS group, but with school problems in the PGE group. These findings suggest that CPS and PGE affect the normal maturation of children’s discourse skills, albeit through different mechanisms. The relationship of Thought Disorder to behavioral, academic, and social problems implies that these discourse deficits are one component of the developmental disabilities or comorbidities associated with pediatric CPS and PGE.
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Thought Disorder and nucleus accumbens in childhood a structural mri study
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2004Co-Authors: Prabha Siddarth, Jennifer G. Levitt, Martina Ballmaier, Arthur W Toga, Rebecca E Blanton, Michelle W Lee, Rochelle CaplanAbstract:Thought Disorder has been described as a hallmark feature in both adult and childhood-onset schizophrenia. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been repeatedly proposed as a critical station for modulating gating of information flow and processing of information within the thalamocortical circuitry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Thought Disorder measures, which were administered to 12 children with schizophrenia and 15 healthy age-matched controls, and NAc volumes obtained from high-resolution volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analyses. The propensity for specific Thought Disorder features was significantly related to NAc volumes, despite no statistically significant differences in the NAc volumes of children with schizophrenia and normal children. Smaller left NAc volumes were significantly related to poor on-line revision of linguistic errors in word choice, syntax and reference. On the other hand, underuse of on-line repair of errors in planning and organizing thinking was significantly associated with decreased right NAc volumes. The results of this pilot study suggest that the NAc is implicated in specific Thought patterns of childhood. They also suggest that subcortical function in the NAc might reflect hemispheric specialization patterns with left lateralization for revision of linguistic errors and right lateralization for repair strategies involved in the organization of thinking.
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Thought Disorder in attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2001Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, Donald Guthrie, Beth Tang, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Robert F. AsarnowAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective This study compared Thought Disorder and associated cognitive variables in attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Method Speech samples of 115 ADHD, 88 schizophrenic, and 190 normal children, aged 8 to 15 years, were coded for Thought Disorder. A structured psychiatric interview, the WISC-R, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Span of Apprehension task were administered to each child. Results The ADHD and schizophrenic groups had Thought Disorder compared with the normal children. However, the subjects with ADHD had a narrower range of less severe Thought Disorder than did the schizophrenic subjects. The younger children with ADHD and schizophrenia had significantly more Thought Disorder than did the older children with these diagnoses. IQ, attention, and working memory were associated with Thought Disorder in the ADHD but not the schizophrenic group. Conclusions Thought Disorder in childhood is not specific to schizophrenia and reflects impaired development of children's communication skills.
Terry E. Goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thought Disorder in schizophrenia a reappraisal of older formulations and an overview of some recent studies
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Terry E. Goldberg, Daniel R WeinbergerAbstract:Introduction. Formal Thought Disorder, as manifested in disorganised speech, is a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia. Method. In this review we examine several older explanations of Thought Disorder and consider newer cognitive accounts. Results. Older formulations often were not mechanistic and simply redescribed the phenomenon under study. Direct comparisons of Thought-Disordered schizophrenic patients and jargon aphasic patients indicated that the groups were not similar, as they differed on a number of language variables, including naming and comprehension. Later attentional models also had limitations. Correlations between Thought Disorder and ''attentional'' measures were often only moderate and the tests or scales used to assess attention or Thought Disorder may not have accurately measured these constructs. Recent working memory models have lacked convergent validity in that patients with frontal lobe damage and working memory problems do not exhibit Thought Disorder and that single word associatio...
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Comparison of Ketamine-Induced Thought Disorder in Healthy Volunteers and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia
The American journal of psychiatry, 1999Co-Authors: Caleb M. Adler, Terry E. Goldberg, Anil K. Malhotra, Igor Elman, Michael F. Egan, David Pickar, Alan BreierAbstract:Objective: This study sought to determine whether Thought Disorder induced in healthy volunteers by the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine resembles the Thought Disorder found in patients with schizophrenia. Method: The Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication was used to assess Thought Disorder in healthy volunteers (N=10) who received subanesthetic doses of ketamine and in a group of clinically stable inpatients with schizophrenia (N=15) who did not receive ketamine. Results: Mean scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication for patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers receiving ketamine did not differ significantly. Moreover, three of the four highest rated test items in both groups were the same. Conclusions: These data suggest that ketamine-induced Thought Disorder in healthy volunteers is not dissimilar to the Thought Disorder in patients with schizophrenia and provide support for the involvement of the NMDA receptor in a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1646‐1649) Several lines of evidence suggest that the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Postmortem studies have revealed a lower density of glutamatergic receptors in patients with schizophrenia, and one study of CSF reported lower levels of glutamate in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy comparison subjects (1‐3). The most compelling evidence is provided by the psychotomimetic effects of the NMDA antagonists phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. In patients with schizophrenia, the administration of PCP and ketamine exacerbates existing psychotic symptoms and may reactivate symptoms in remittance (4‐6). The administration of PCP or ketamine to healthy volunteers reproduces many of the symptoms of schizophrenia, including aspects of formal Thought Disorder (4, 7, 8). Because the effects of ketamine resemble many of the clinical features of schizophrenia, this ketamine-induced behavioral syndrome has been proposed as a model for schizophrenia. Nonetheless, few direct comparisons between the Thought Disorder of schizophrenia and the Thought Disorder induced by NMDA antagonists have been conducted.
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cognitive substrates of Thought Disorder i the semantic system
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Terry E. Goldberg, David Pickar, Mark S Aloia, Monica L Gourovitch, David Missar, Daniel R WeinbergerAbstract:Objective:Few studies have explored in detail the relation of cognitive deficits in attention, working memory, and semantics to Thought Disorder. The authors sought to determine whether Thought Disorder resides in the semantic system or elsewhere. Method:Twenty-three normal comparison subjects and 23 patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. All subjects received tests of executive function and working memory, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Letter-Number Span test; a test of deployment of attentional resources; and tests of semantic processing and language comprehension, including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Speed and Capacity of Language-Processing Test, the Boston Naming Test, and tests of semantic verbal fluency and phonologic verbal fluency, from which was derived a difference score. All patients were also administered the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication to assess Thought Disorder. Results:The normal subjects were compared w...
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effects of ketamine on Thought Disorder working memory and semantic memory in healthy volunteers
Biological Psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Caleb M. Adler, Terry E. Goldberg, Anil K. Malhotra, David Pickar, Alan BreierAbstract:Abstract Background: The N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, produces a clinical syndrome of Thought Disorder, perceptual distortion, and cognitive impairment. Methods: We have administered ketamine to healthy volunteers to characterize the formal Thought Disorder and specific memory dysfunction associated with ketamine. Ten healthy volunteers underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ketamine infusion (0.12 mg/kg bolus and 0.65 mg/kg/hour). Thought Disorder was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication. Cognitive testing involved working and semantic memory tasks. Results: Ketamine produced a formal Thought Disorder, as well as impairments in working and semantic memory. The degree of ketamine-induced Thought Disorder significantly correlated with ketamine-induced decreases in working memory and did not correlate with ketamine-induced impairments in semantic memory. Conclusions: This study characterizes the formal Thought Disorder associated with ketamine and may suggest that ketamine-induced deficits in working memory are associated with ketamine-induced Thought Disorder.
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Formal Thought Disorder and Semantic Memory in Schizophrenia
CNS Spectrums, 1997Co-Authors: Brita Elvevåg, Terry E. GoldbergAbstract:AbstractIn this article, we review attempts to account for the Thought Disorder present in some schizophrenic patients in terms of cognitive deficits in the domains of working memory, attention, language, and semantic memory. Although each psychological construct can account for some of the data described here, establishment of a primary cognitive impairment responsible for Thought Disorder is not forthcoming, perhaps due to its underlying multidimensional pathology. While the relationship of working memory, attention, and language processing to Thought Disorder is ambiguous, semantic memory is emerging as a promising construct, that may yield insight into cognitive mechanisms that underlie Thought Disorder and neuroleptic responsiveness.
Lisa Mori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:: We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale IQ scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale EQ, scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
W. Donald Shields - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thought Disorder and frontotemporal volumes in pediatric epilepsy.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2008Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Prabha Siddarth, Suresh Gurbani, Jennifer G. Levitt, Janelle Taylor, Melita Daley, Raman SankarAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine if volumes of frontotemporal regions associated with language were related to Thought Disorder in 42 children, aged 5–16 years, with cryptogenic epilepsy, all of whom had complex partial seizures (CPS). The children with CPS and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy children underwent brain MRI scans at 1.5 T. Tissue was segmented, and total brain, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe volumes were computed. Thought Disorder measures, IQ, and seizure information were collected for each patient. The subjects with CPS had more Thought Disorder, smaller total gray matter and orbital frontal gray matter volumes, as well as larger temporal lobe white matter volumes than the control group. In the CPS group, Thought Disorder was significantly related to smaller orbital frontal and inferior frontal gray matter volumes, increased Heschl’s gyrus gray matter volumes, and smaller superior temporal gyrus white matter volumes. However, significantly larger orbital frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and temporal lobe gray matter volumes and decreased Heschl’s gyrus white matter volumes were associated with Thought Disorder in the control group. These findings suggest that Thought Disorder might represent a developmental disability involving frontotemporal regions associated with language in pediatric CPS.
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Thought Disorder: A developmental disability in pediatric epilepsy.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2006Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Prabha Siddarth, Caroline E. Bailey, Erin K. Lanphier, Suresh Gurbani, Raman SankarAbstract:This study compared Thought Disorder (i.e., impaired use of language to formulate and organize Thoughts) in 93 children with complex partial seizures (CPSs) and 56 children with primary generalized epilepsy with absence (PGE) and its relationship to age, seizure, cognitive, and linguistic variables. By the use of psychopathology, social competence, academic achievement, and school problem measures, the functional implications of Thought Disorder in these two groups were compared. When demographic variables were controlled for, there were no significant differences in Thought Disorder scores between the CPS and PGE groups. However, the profile of age, gender, seizure, and cognitive variables related to Thought Disorder differed in the CPS and PGE groups. Within each group, different aspects of Thought Disorder were associated with different seizure variables. Thought Disorder was related to psychopathology, school problems, decreased academic achievement, and poor peer interaction in the CPS group, but with school problems in the PGE group. These findings suggest that CPS and PGE affect the normal maturation of children’s discourse skills, albeit through different mechanisms. The relationship of Thought Disorder to behavioral, academic, and social problems implies that these discourse deficits are one component of the developmental disabilities or comorbidities associated with pediatric CPS and PGE.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:: We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale IQ scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale EQ, scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
Donald Guthrie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thought Disorder in attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2001Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, Donald Guthrie, Beth Tang, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Robert F. AsarnowAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective This study compared Thought Disorder and associated cognitive variables in attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Method Speech samples of 115 ADHD, 88 schizophrenic, and 190 normal children, aged 8 to 15 years, were coded for Thought Disorder. A structured psychiatric interview, the WISC-R, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Span of Apprehension task were administered to each child. Results The ADHD and schizophrenic groups had Thought Disorder compared with the normal children. However, the subjects with ADHD had a narrower range of less severe Thought Disorder than did the schizophrenic subjects. The younger children with ADHD and schizophrenia had significantly more Thought Disorder than did the older children with these diagnoses. IQ, attention, and working memory were associated with Thought Disorder in the ADHD but not the schizophrenic group. Conclusions Thought Disorder in childhood is not specific to schizophrenia and reflects impaired development of children's communication skills.
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Thought Disorder in Childhood Schizophrenia: Replication and Update of Concept
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, Donald Guthrie, Beth Tang, Scott Komo, Robert F. AsarnowAbstract:ABSTRACT Objectives To examine whether measures of Thought Disorder differentiated schizophrenic from normal children and to examine the relationship of these measures with developmental and cognitive factors. Method The speech samples of 88 schizophrenic and 190 normal children, aged 9 to 13 years, were coded with the Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale and Halliday and Hassan's analysis of cohesion. Results Above and beyond differences in mental age, gender, and neuroleptic status, the patients had significantly more formal Thought Disorder (FTD) and cohesive deficits than the normal children matched by mental age. The younger schizophrenic and normal children had significantly more Thought Disorder than the older children with these diagnoses. Combined FTD and cohesion scores correctly identified 76% of schizophrenic and 88% of normal children with little variability across mental age. The Thought Disorder measures generated 2 independent components: FTD and cohesion. Conclusions Thought Disorder measures that include both FTD and cohesion provide a quantitative diagnostic tool of childhood-onset schizophrenia.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:: We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale IQ scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
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Formal Thought Disorder in pediatric complex partial seizure Disorder.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry and allied disciplines, 1992Co-Authors: Rochelle Caplan, W. Donald Shields, Donald Guthrie, Lisa MoriAbstract:We compared the formal Thought Disorder ratings of 27 children with complex partial seizure Disorder, 31 schizophrenic children and 58 normal children. The epileptic children with fullscale EQ, scores below 100 had significantly more formal Thought Disorder than normal children with a similar IQ. The severity of their formal Thought Disorder was related to the age of seizure onset, seizure control and a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum Disorder. The schizophrenic children had Thought Disorder irrespective of IQ scores. The cognitive correlates of their formal Thought Disorder scores differed from those of the epileptic children. Possible anatomical substrates of Thought Disorder in childhood complex partial seizure Disorder and schizophrenia are discussed.
