The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kjell Aleklett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trends in U.S. Recoverable Coal Supply Estimates and Future Production Outlooks
Natural Resources Research, 2010Co-Authors: Mikael Hook, Kjell AleklettAbstract:The geological coal resource of the U.S. is abundant and proved coal reserves are listed as the world’s largest. However, the reserves are unevenly distributed and located in a small number of states, giving them major influence over Future Production. A long history of coal mining provides detailed time series of Production and reserve estimates, which can be used to identify historical trends. In reviewing the historical evolution of coal reserves, one can state that the trend here does not point toward any major increases in available recoverable reserves; rather the opposite is true due to restrictions and increased focus on environmental impacts from coal extraction. Future coal Production will not be entirely determined by what is geologically available, but rather by the fraction of that amount that is practically recoverable. Consequently, the historical trend toward reduced recoverable amounts is likely to continue into the Future, with even stricter regulations imposed by increased environmental concern. Long-term outlooks can be created in many ways, but ultimately the Production must be limited by recoverable volumes since coal is a finite resource. The geologic amounts of coal are of much less importance to Future Production than the practically recoverable volumes. The geological coal supply might be vast, but the important question is how large the share that can be extracted under present restrictions are and how those restrictions will develop in the Future. Production limitations might therefore appear much sooner than previously expected.
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Validity of the Fossil Fuel Production Outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios
Natural Resources Research, 2010Co-Authors: Mikael Hook, Anders Sivertsson, Kjell AleklettAbstract:Anthropogenic global warming caused by CO_2 emissions is strongly and fundamentally linked to Future energy Production. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) from 2000 contains 40 scenarios for Future fossil fuel Production and is used by the IPCC to assess Future climate change. Previous scenarios were withdrawn after exaggerating one or several trends. This study investigates underlying assumptions on resource availability and Future Production expectations to determine whether exaggerations can be found in the present set of emission scenarios as well. It is found that the SRES unnecessarily takes an overoptimistic stance and that Future Production expectations are leaning toward spectacular increases from present output levels. In summary, we can only encourage the IPCC to involve more resource experts and natural science in Future emission scenarios. The current set, SRES, is biased toward exaggerated resource availability and unrealistic expectations on Future Production outputs from fossil fuels.
Mikael Hook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lithium availability and Future Production outlooks
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Vikström, Simon Davidsson, Mikael HookAbstract:Lithium is a highly interesting metal, in part due to the increasing interest in lithium-ion batteries. Several recent studies have used different methods to estimate whether the lithium Production can meet an increasing demand, especially from the transport sector, where lithium-ion batteries are the most likely technology for electric cars. The reserve and resource estimates of lithium vary greatly between different studies and the question whether the annual Production rates of lithium can meet a growing demand is seldom adequately explained. This study presents a review and compilation of recent estimates of quantities of lithium available for exploitation and discusses the uncertainty and differences between these estimates. Also, mathematical curve fitting models are used to estimate possible Future annual Production rates. This estimation of possible Production rates are compared to a potential increased demand of lithium if the International Energy Agency’s Blue Map Scenarios are fulfilled regarding electrification of the car fleet. We find that the availability of lithium could in fact be a problem for fulfilling this scenario if lithium-ion batteries are to be used. This indicates that other battery technologies might have to be implemented for enabling an electrification of road transports.
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chinese coal supply and Future Production outlooks
Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Simon Davidsson, Jianliang Wang, Lianyong Feng, Mikael HookAbstract:China's energy supply is dominated by coal, making projections of Future coal Production in China important. Recent forecasts suggest that Chinese coal Production may reach a peak in 2010–2039 but with widely differing peak Production levels. The estimated URR (ultimately recoverable resources) influence these projections significantly, however, widely different URR-values were used due to poor understanding of the various Chinese coal classification schemes. To mitigate these shortcomings, a comprehensive investigation of this system and an analysis of the historical evaluation of resources and reporting issues are performed. A more plausible URR is derived, which indicates that many analysts underestimate volumes available for exploitation. Projections based on the updated URR using a modified curve-fitting model indicate that Chinese coal Production could peak as early as 2024 at a maximum annual Production of 4.1 Gt. By considering other potential constraints, it can be concluded that peak coal in China appears inevitable and immediate. This event can be expected to have significant impact on the Chinese economy, energy strategies and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions reduction strategies.
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Lithium availability and Future Production outlooks
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Hanna Vikström, Simon Davidsson, Mikael HookAbstract:Lithium is a highly interesting metal, in part due to the increasing interest in lithium-ion batteries. Several recent studies have used different methods to estimate whether the lithium Production can meet an increasing demand, especially from the transport sector, where lithium-ion batteries are the most likely technology for electric cars. The reserve and resource estimates of lithium vary greatly between different studies and the question whether the annual Production rates of lithium can meet a growing demand is seldom adequately explained. This study presents a review and compilation of recent estimates of quantities of lithium available for exploitation and discusses the uncertainty and differences between these estimates. Also, mathematical curve fitting models are used to estimate possible Future annual Production rates. This estimation of possible Production rates are compared to a potential increased demand of lithium if the International Energy Agency's Blue Map Scenarios are fulfilled regarding electrification of the car fleet. We find that the availability of lithium could in fact be a problem for fulfilling this scenario if lithium-ion batteries are to be used. This indicates that other battery technologies might have to be implemented for enabling an electrification of road transports. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Trends in U.S. Recoverable Coal Supply Estimates and Future Production Outlooks
Natural Resources Research, 2010Co-Authors: Mikael Hook, Kjell AleklettAbstract:The geological coal resource of the U.S. is abundant and proved coal reserves are listed as the world’s largest. However, the reserves are unevenly distributed and located in a small number of states, giving them major influence over Future Production. A long history of coal mining provides detailed time series of Production and reserve estimates, which can be used to identify historical trends. In reviewing the historical evolution of coal reserves, one can state that the trend here does not point toward any major increases in available recoverable reserves; rather the opposite is true due to restrictions and increased focus on environmental impacts from coal extraction. Future coal Production will not be entirely determined by what is geologically available, but rather by the fraction of that amount that is practically recoverable. Consequently, the historical trend toward reduced recoverable amounts is likely to continue into the Future, with even stricter regulations imposed by increased environmental concern. Long-term outlooks can be created in many ways, but ultimately the Production must be limited by recoverable volumes since coal is a finite resource. The geologic amounts of coal are of much less importance to Future Production than the practically recoverable volumes. The geological coal supply might be vast, but the important question is how large the share that can be extracted under present restrictions are and how those restrictions will develop in the Future. Production limitations might therefore appear much sooner than previously expected.
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Validity of the Fossil Fuel Production Outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios
Natural Resources Research, 2010Co-Authors: Mikael Hook, Anders Sivertsson, Kjell AleklettAbstract:Anthropogenic global warming caused by CO_2 emissions is strongly and fundamentally linked to Future energy Production. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) from 2000 contains 40 scenarios for Future fossil fuel Production and is used by the IPCC to assess Future climate change. Previous scenarios were withdrawn after exaggerating one or several trends. This study investigates underlying assumptions on resource availability and Future Production expectations to determine whether exaggerations can be found in the present set of emission scenarios as well. It is found that the SRES unnecessarily takes an overoptimistic stance and that Future Production expectations are leaning toward spectacular increases from present output levels. In summary, we can only encourage the IPCC to involve more resource experts and natural science in Future emission scenarios. The current set, SRES, is biased toward exaggerated resource availability and unrealistic expectations on Future Production outputs from fossil fuels.
Norbert Kockmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future Production concepts in the chemical industry modular small scale continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
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Future Production Concepts in the Chemical Industry: Modular – Small‐Scale – Continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
T Bieringer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future Production concepts in the chemical industry modular small scale continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
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Future Production Concepts in the Chemical Industry: Modular – Small‐Scale – Continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
S Buchholz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future Production concepts in the chemical industry modular small scale continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
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Future Production Concepts in the Chemical Industry: Modular – Small‐Scale – Continuous
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2013Co-Authors: T Bieringer, S Buchholz, Norbert KockmannAbstract:Modular continuous Production concepts are already successfully applied in research, development, and piloting of a series of chemical compounds in the markets of fine chemistry and pharmaceutical products. Besides, first case studies for the application of those concepts in industrial scale are reported. Current European research projects focus to proof their applicability in a broader range. The elaborated know-how will be commercially used in a franchise between BTS, INVITE, Ehrfeld Mikrotechik BTS, and further partners in the product Flonamic®. One core element of these Production concepts are micro- and milli-structured devices assisting continuous-flow processes due to their superior transport characteristics and small holdup. In small-scale Production concepts, these special devices have to be considered together with conventional technology. The platform concept developed by TU Dortmund University for chemical manufacturing simplifies the scale-up process from lab to container scale and beyond on different levels in flow rate, temperature, or other process conditions.
