The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Debra Mohnen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the structure function and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kerry Hosmer Caffall, Debra MohnenAbstract:Plant cell walls consist of carbohydrate, protein, and aromatic compounds and are essential to the proper growth and development of plants. The carbohydrate components make up �90% of the primary wall, and are critical to wall function. There is a diversity of polysaccharides that make up the wall and that are classified as one of three types: cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin. The pectins, which are most abundant in the plant primary cell walls and the middle lamellae, are a class of molecules defined by the presence of galacturonic acid. The pectic polysaccharides include the Galacturonans (homogalacturonan, substituted Galacturonans, and RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Galacturonans have a backbone that consists of a-1,4-linked galacturonic acid. The identification of glycosyltransferases involved in pectin synthesis is essential to the study of cell wall function in plant growth and development and for maximizing the value and use of plant polysaccharides in industry and human health. A detailed synopsis of the existing literature on pectin structure, function, and biosynthesis is presented.
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The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kerry Hosmer Caffall, Debra MohnenAbstract:Plant cell walls consist of carbohydrate, protein, and aromatic compounds and are essential to the proper growth and development of plants. The carbohydrate components make up ∼90% of the primary wall, and are critical to wall function. There is a diversity of polysaccharides that make up the wall and that are classified as one of three types: cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin. The pectins, which are most abundant in the plant primary cell walls and the middle lamellae, are a class of molecules defined by the presence of galacturonic acid. The pectic polysaccharides include the Galacturonans (homogalacturonan, substituted Galacturonans, and RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Galacturonans have a backbone that consists of α-1,4-linked galacturonic acid. The identification of glycosyltransferases involved in pectin synthesis is essential to the study of cell wall function in plant growth and development and for maximizing the value and use of plant polysaccharides in industry and human health. A detailed synopsis of the existing literature on pectin structure, function, and biosynthesis is presented. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Pectin structure and biosynthesis
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Debra MohnenAbstract:Pectin is structurally and functionally the most complex polysaccharide in plant cell walls. Pectin has functions in plant growth, morphology, development, and plant defense and also serves as a gelling and stabilizing polymer in diverse food and specialty products and has positive effects on human health and multiple biomedical uses. Pectin is a family of galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharides including homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, and the substituted Galacturonans rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and xylogalacturonan (XGA). Pectin biosynthesis is estimated to require at least 67 transferases including glycosyl-, methyl-, and acetyltransferases. New developments in understanding pectin structure, function, and biosynthesis indicate that these polysaccharides have roles in both primary and secondary cell walls. Manipulation of pectin synthesis is expected to impact diverse plant agronomical properties including plant biomass characteristics important for biofuel production. © 2008.
Kerry Hosmer Caffall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the structure function and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kerry Hosmer Caffall, Debra MohnenAbstract:Plant cell walls consist of carbohydrate, protein, and aromatic compounds and are essential to the proper growth and development of plants. The carbohydrate components make up �90% of the primary wall, and are critical to wall function. There is a diversity of polysaccharides that make up the wall and that are classified as one of three types: cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin. The pectins, which are most abundant in the plant primary cell walls and the middle lamellae, are a class of molecules defined by the presence of galacturonic acid. The pectic polysaccharides include the Galacturonans (homogalacturonan, substituted Galacturonans, and RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Galacturonans have a backbone that consists of a-1,4-linked galacturonic acid. The identification of glycosyltransferases involved in pectin synthesis is essential to the study of cell wall function in plant growth and development and for maximizing the value and use of plant polysaccharides in industry and human health. A detailed synopsis of the existing literature on pectin structure, function, and biosynthesis is presented.
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The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kerry Hosmer Caffall, Debra MohnenAbstract:Plant cell walls consist of carbohydrate, protein, and aromatic compounds and are essential to the proper growth and development of plants. The carbohydrate components make up ∼90% of the primary wall, and are critical to wall function. There is a diversity of polysaccharides that make up the wall and that are classified as one of three types: cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin. The pectins, which are most abundant in the plant primary cell walls and the middle lamellae, are a class of molecules defined by the presence of galacturonic acid. The pectic polysaccharides include the Galacturonans (homogalacturonan, substituted Galacturonans, and RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Galacturonans have a backbone that consists of α-1,4-linked galacturonic acid. The identification of glycosyltransferases involved in pectin synthesis is essential to the study of cell wall function in plant growth and development and for maximizing the value and use of plant polysaccharides in industry and human health. A detailed synopsis of the existing literature on pectin structure, function, and biosynthesis is presented. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Yu.s. Ovodov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of pectins and their galacturonan backbone
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: P. A. Markov, R. G. Ovodova, S V Popov, I. R. Nikitina, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:It has been shown that pectin polysaccharides from different plants, depending on their structure, can either protect the intestinal walls of mammals against damage and inhibit the development of inflammation or, on the contrary, have proinflammatory effects. At the same time, galacturonan isolated from any pectin, being the main carbohydrate chain (backbone) of its macromolecule, shows a marked anti-inflammatory effect. A decrease in the quantity of neutrophiles in the intestinal wall after induced inflammation indicates that the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins can be based on their influence on the functional activity of leukocytes.
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Pectin substances of the callus culture of Silene vulgaris (M.) G.
Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Ye. A. Günter, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:Pectin-protein fraction SVC was isolated from the callus culture of the bladder campion (Silene vulgaris). The main components in it were residues of D-galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and protein. Using ion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, it was shown that SVC contained a mixture of molecules of linear pectin, branched pectin polysaccharide, and pectin-protein polymer. A fragment of the linear chain of galacturonan amounted to more than half of the entire carbohydrate silenan chain. The branched area of the macromolecule is represented by rhamnogalacturonan I. The pectin-protein polymer consisted mainly of protein and weakly branched pectin fragments with molecular mass of more than 300 kDa.
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Synthesis of sulfated pectins and their anticoagulant activity.
Biochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Fedor V. Vityazev, V. V. Golovchenko, Olga A. Patova, N. N. Drozd, V. A. Makarov, A. S. Shashkov, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:The following pectins were sulfated: bergenan BC (the pectin of Bergenia crassifolia L), lemnan LM (the pectin of Lemna minor L), and galacturonan as a backbone of pectins. Pyridine monomethyl sulfate, pyridine sulfotrioxide, and chlorosulfonic acid were used as reagents for sulfation. Chlorosulfonic acid proved to be the optimal reagent for sulfation of galacturonan and other pectins. Galacturonan and pectin derivatives with different degrees of sulfation were synthesized and their anticoagulant activities were shown to depend on the quantity of sulfate groups in the pectin macromolecules.
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inhibition of neutrophil adhesion by pectic Galacturonans
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia, 2007Co-Authors: S. V. Popov, R. G. Ovodova, Yu G Popova, Ida R Nikitina, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:The inhibition of the adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin by the fragments of the main galacturonan chain of the following pectins was demonstrated: comaruman from the marsh cinquefoil Comarum polustre, bergenan from the Siberian tea Bergenia crassifolia), lemnan from the duckweed Lemna minor), zosteran from the eelgrass Zostera marina), and citrus pectin. The parent pectins, except for comaruman, did not affect the cell adhesion. Galacturonans prepared from the starting pectins by acidic hydrolysis were shown to reduce the neutrophil adhesion stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1.625 μM) and dithiothreitol (0.5 mM) at a concentration of 50–200 μg/ml. The presence of carbohydrate chains with molecular masses higher than 300, from 100 to 300, and from 50 to 100 kDa in the galacturonan fractions was proved by membrane ultrafiltration.
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Branching of the galacturonan backbone of comaruman, a pectin from the marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre L.
Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Raisa G. Ovodova, S. V. Popov, V. V. Golovchenko, O. A. Bushneva, A. O. Chizhov, D. V. Klinov, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:Galacturonan, the main constituent of the backbone (core) of the comaruman macromolecule, a pectin from the marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre L., was obtained on partial acid hydrolysis of the pectin. Using atomic force microscopy and methylation analysis of the galacturonan, the backbone of the comaruman macromolecule was shown to contain branches as side chains consisting of α-1,4-linked residues of D-galactopyranosyl uronic acid attached to the 2-and 3-positions of the galacturonic acid residues of the core, in addition to linear regions of α-1,4-D-galacturonan. A few side chains appear to attach to 2,3-positions of the D-galacturonic acid residues.
R. G. Ovodova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion by pectic Galacturonans
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia, 2020Co-Authors: S V Popov, R. G. Ovodova, Ida R Nikitina, G Iu Popova, Iu S OvodovAbstract:The inhibition of the adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin by the fragments of the main galacturonan chain of the following pectins was demonstrated: comaruman from the marsh cinquefoil Comarum polustre, bergenan from the Siberian tea Bergenia crassifolia, lemnan from the duckweed Lemna minor, zosteran from the seagrass Zostera marina, and citrus pectin. The parent pectins, except for comaruman, did not affect the cell adhesion. Galacturonans prepared from the starting pectins by acidic hydrolysis were shown to reduce the neutrophil adhesion stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1.625 microM) and dithiothreitol (0.5 mM) at a concentration of 50-200 microg/ml. The presence of carbohydrate chains with molecular masses higher than 300, from 100 to 300, and from 50 to 100 kDa in the galacturonan fractions was proved by membrane ultrafiltration.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of pectins and their galacturonan backbone
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: P. A. Markov, R. G. Ovodova, S V Popov, I. R. Nikitina, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:It has been shown that pectin polysaccharides from different plants, depending on their structure, can either protect the intestinal walls of mammals against damage and inhibit the development of inflammation or, on the contrary, have proinflammatory effects. At the same time, galacturonan isolated from any pectin, being the main carbohydrate chain (backbone) of its macromolecule, shows a marked anti-inflammatory effect. A decrease in the quantity of neutrophiles in the intestinal wall after induced inflammation indicates that the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins can be based on their influence on the functional activity of leukocytes.
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chemical composition and anti inflammatory activity of pectic polysaccharide isolated from celery stalks
Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: R. G. Ovodova, S. V. Popov, V. V. Golovchenko, A. S. Shashkov, Galina Yu. Popova, Nikita M Paderin, Yury S. OvodovAbstract:Abstract A pectic polysaccharide called apiuman was isolated from fresh celery stalks by extraction with an aqueous ammonium oxalate followed by ultrafiltration, and was shown to consist of d -galacturonic acid (GalA, 81.0%), l -rhamnose (Rha, 2.6%), l -arabinose (Ara, 2.5%), and d -galactose (Gal, 3.6%) residues. Apiuman was found to be digestible with α-1,4- d -galacturonase to yield d -GalA, thus confirming that apiuman represents a pectic polysaccharide. The purified apiuman (AG) obtained was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to produce two polysaccharide fractions, AG-1 and AG-2, which had similar sugar compositions. Partial acid hydrolysis of apiuman, AG, revealed galacturonan to be at the core of the macromolecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the backbone of apiuman appeared to represent α-1,4- d -galacturonan, with considerable amounts of l -Rha residues involved by α-1,2-linkages in the linear chain of the macromolecule core. The side chains were found to consist of Ara and Gal attached at the 4-position of the Rha residues. Furthermore, apiuman, AG, was found to improve the survival of mice subjected to a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the anti-endotoxemic effect of apiuman, AG, was shown to be mediated by decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Apiuman was also shown to diminish the amount of neutrophils migrating to the peritoneal cavity after LPS injection.
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inhibition of neutrophil adhesion by pectic Galacturonans
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia, 2007Co-Authors: S. V. Popov, R. G. Ovodova, Yu G Popova, Ida R Nikitina, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:The inhibition of the adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin by the fragments of the main galacturonan chain of the following pectins was demonstrated: comaruman from the marsh cinquefoil Comarum polustre, bergenan from the Siberian tea Bergenia crassifolia), lemnan from the duckweed Lemna minor), zosteran from the eelgrass Zostera marina), and citrus pectin. The parent pectins, except for comaruman, did not affect the cell adhesion. Galacturonans prepared from the starting pectins by acidic hydrolysis were shown to reduce the neutrophil adhesion stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1.625 μM) and dithiothreitol (0.5 mM) at a concentration of 50–200 μg/ml. The presence of carbohydrate chains with molecular masses higher than 300, from 100 to 300, and from 50 to 100 kDa in the galacturonan fractions was proved by membrane ultrafiltration.
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Structure of Tanacetan, a Pectic Polysaccharide from Tansy Tanacetum vulgare L.
Biochemistry (Moscow), 2002Co-Authors: A. Ya. Polle, R. G. Ovodova, A. S. Shashkov, A. O. Chizhov, Yu.s. OvodovAbstract:Tanacetan TVF was found to have a branched structure with a backbone of linear α-1,4-D-galacturonan. The ramified regions consist of linear α-1,2-L-rhamno-α-1,4-D-galacturonan as the core. The side chains appear to attach to the 4-position of the L-rhamnopyranose residues. They are present as single β-galactopyranose residues or a branching β-1,4-galactopyranan bearing 4,6-substituted β-D-galactopyranose residues as branched points. In addition, the ramified regions contain side chains of a branched α-1,5-arabinofuranan possessing 2,5- and 3,5-substituted α-L-arabinofuranose residues as branching points. Some side chains of rhamnogalacturonan appear to be arabinogalactan which contains branched sugar chains of α-1,5-arabinofuranan attached to the linear chains of β-1,4-galactopyranan by 1,3- and 1,6-linkages. The residues of α-L-arabinofuranose seem to occupy the terminal positions of the arabinogalactan side chains.
Yury S. Ovodov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structural characterisation of the polysaccharides from endemic Mongolian desert plants and their effect on the intestinal absorption of ovalbumin
Carbohydrate Research, 2012Co-Authors: V. V. Golovchenko, A. S. Shashkov, Daria S. Khramova, Dorjgoo Otgonbayar, Aria Chimidsogzol, Yury S. OvodovAbstract:Abstract Using successive extractions with water and 0.7% aqueous ammonium oxalate, pectic polysaccharides were isolated from the following plants growing in the arid climate of Mongolia (Gobi): saxaul Haloxylon ammodendron Maxim., rhubarb Rheum nanum Sievers, Nitraria sibirica Pall., Peganum harmala L. and almond Amygdalus mongolica Maxim. The data obtained exhibited the primary synthesis of the cell wall pectic polysaccharides but not the middle lamellae water-soluble pectins in plants growing in the dry climatic zone. Both α-(1→4)- d -galacturonan and α-(1→4)- d -galacturonan, which was substituted with methyl groups, were found to be backbone of pectins. The l -arabinofuranose residues were identified as the main components of ramified regions. The pectins from almond differed from other pectins due to a high arabinose content. The data from NMR spectroscopy and methylation analyses demonstrated that pectic polysaccharides from almond included terminal, (1→5)-, (1→3)-linked and 3,5-substituted l -arabinofuranose residues and a small terminal d -galactopyranose and 2,5- and 2,3,5-substituted l -arabinofuranose residue content. The pectic polysaccharides were found to decrease the absorption of ovalbumin (OVA) in the blood from the gut lumen. The serum OVA level was lower in mice fed with OVA mixed with the pectins compared with the control group, which was administered OVA alone.
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Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of a pectic polysaccharide isolated from sweet pepper using a simulated gastric medium
Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: S. V. Popov, V. V. Golovchenko, A. S. Shashkov, Raisa G. Ovodova, Galina Yu. Popova, Feodor V. Viatyasev, Yury S. OvodovAbstract:Abstract A pectic polysaccharide named capsicuman (CA) was isolated from fresh sweet pepper by extraction with a saline solution containing hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5) and pepsin at 37 °C for 4 h. Capsicuman was shown to consist of d -galacturonic acid (GalA, 74.0%), rhamnose (Rha, 1.6%), arabinose (Ara, 2.6%) and galactose (Gal, 2.4%) residues. This polysaccharide was digestible with 1,4-alpha- d -galacturonase to yield d -GalA, thus confirming capsicuman as a pectic polysaccharide. Partial acid hydrolysis of capsicuman revealed galacturonan to be the core of the macromolecule. Purified capsicuman (CA-2) was obtained from CA by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the backbone of capsicuman contained 1,4-alpha- d -galacturonan partially substituted with methyl and O-acetyl ester groups. After oral administration to mice, capsicuman CA, CA-2 and the galacturonanic fragment of CA (CA-H) were found to decrease tumour necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha release and to increase production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood. This pectin was also shown to improve the survival of mice that were subjected to a lethal dose of LPS. The present study demonstrates that the pectin capsicuman CA, which possesses anti-inflammatory properties, can be isolated from fresh sweet peppers using extraction with simulated gastric media.
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chemical composition and anti inflammatory activity of pectic polysaccharide isolated from celery stalks
Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: R. G. Ovodova, S. V. Popov, V. V. Golovchenko, A. S. Shashkov, Galina Yu. Popova, Nikita M Paderin, Yury S. OvodovAbstract:Abstract A pectic polysaccharide called apiuman was isolated from fresh celery stalks by extraction with an aqueous ammonium oxalate followed by ultrafiltration, and was shown to consist of d -galacturonic acid (GalA, 81.0%), l -rhamnose (Rha, 2.6%), l -arabinose (Ara, 2.5%), and d -galactose (Gal, 3.6%) residues. Apiuman was found to be digestible with α-1,4- d -galacturonase to yield d -GalA, thus confirming that apiuman represents a pectic polysaccharide. The purified apiuman (AG) obtained was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to produce two polysaccharide fractions, AG-1 and AG-2, which had similar sugar compositions. Partial acid hydrolysis of apiuman, AG, revealed galacturonan to be at the core of the macromolecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the backbone of apiuman appeared to represent α-1,4- d -galacturonan, with considerable amounts of l -Rha residues involved by α-1,2-linkages in the linear chain of the macromolecule core. The side chains were found to consist of Ara and Gal attached at the 4-position of the Rha residues. Furthermore, apiuman, AG, was found to improve the survival of mice subjected to a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the anti-endotoxemic effect of apiuman, AG, was shown to be mediated by decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Apiuman was also shown to diminish the amount of neutrophils migrating to the peritoneal cavity after LPS injection.
