The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hans D. De Boer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reversal of rocuronium induced 1 2 mg kg profound neuromuscular block by suGammadex a multicenter dose finding and safety study
Anesthesiology, 2007Co-Authors: Hans D. De Boer, J J Driessen, Marco A E Marcus, Hans Kerkkamp, Marten Heeringa, Markus KlimekAbstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a modified Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of suGammadex in reversing rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade at 5 min in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients. METHODS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (aged 18-64 yr) scheduled to undergo surgical procedures (anticipated anesthesia duration >/= 90 min) were randomly assigned to a phase II, multicenter, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel, dose-finding study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and an opioid. Profound neuromuscular blockade was induced with 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. SuGammadex (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, or 16.0 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% saline) was then administered 5 min after the administration of rocuronium. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleromyography, using train-of-four nerve stimulation. Recovery time was the time from the start of administration of suGammadex or placebo, to recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9. Safety assessments were performed on the day of the operation and during the postoperative and follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients received either suGammadex or placebo. Increasing doses of suGammadex reduced the mean recovery time from 122 min (spontaneous recovery) to less than 2 min in a dose-dependent manner. Signs of recurrence of blockade were not observed. No serious adverse events related to suGammadex were reported. Two adverse events possibly related to suGammadex were reported in two patients (diarrhea and light anesthesia); however, both patients recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: SuGammadex rapidly and effectively reversed profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in humans and was well tolerated.
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reversal of profound rocuronium neuromuscular blockade by suGammadex in anesthetized rhesus monkeys
Anesthesiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hans D. De Boer, Jan Van Egmond, Leo H. D. J. BooijAbstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The current study determined the feasibility of reversal of rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade with suGammadex in the anesthetized rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: Four female rhesus monkeys each underwent three experiments. In each experiment, first, a 100-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected and spontaneous recovery was monitored. After full recovery, a 500-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected. Up to this point, all three experiments in a single monkey were identical. One minute after this rocuronium injection, either one of the two tested dosages of suGammadex (1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg) was injected or saline was injected. RESULTS: Injection of 100 microg/kg rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular blockade of 93.0% (SD = 4%), and profound blockade was achieved by injection of 500 microg/kg. In all experiments, a 100% neuromuscular blockade was achieved at this dose. After injection of the high rocuronium dose, the 90% recovery of the train-of-four ratio took 28 min (SD = 7 min) after saline, 26 min (SD = 9.5 min) after 1 mg/kg suGammadex, and 8 min (SD = 3.6 min) after 2.5 mg/kg suGammadex. Signs of residual blockade or recurarization were not observed. Injection of suGammadex had no significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex is a new therapeutic mechanism allowing effective and rapid reversal of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium in anesthetized rhesus monkeys.
Markus Klimek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reversal of rocuronium induced 1 2 mg kg profound neuromuscular block by suGammadex a multicenter dose finding and safety study
Anesthesiology, 2007Co-Authors: Hans D. De Boer, J J Driessen, Marco A E Marcus, Hans Kerkkamp, Marten Heeringa, Markus KlimekAbstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a modified Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of suGammadex in reversing rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade at 5 min in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients. METHODS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (aged 18-64 yr) scheduled to undergo surgical procedures (anticipated anesthesia duration >/= 90 min) were randomly assigned to a phase II, multicenter, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel, dose-finding study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and an opioid. Profound neuromuscular blockade was induced with 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. SuGammadex (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, or 16.0 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% saline) was then administered 5 min after the administration of rocuronium. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleromyography, using train-of-four nerve stimulation. Recovery time was the time from the start of administration of suGammadex or placebo, to recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9. Safety assessments were performed on the day of the operation and during the postoperative and follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients received either suGammadex or placebo. Increasing doses of suGammadex reduced the mean recovery time from 122 min (spontaneous recovery) to less than 2 min in a dose-dependent manner. Signs of recurrence of blockade were not observed. No serious adverse events related to suGammadex were reported. Two adverse events possibly related to suGammadex were reported in two patients (diarrhea and light anesthesia); however, both patients recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: SuGammadex rapidly and effectively reversed profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in humans and was well tolerated.
Booij L.h.d.j. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SuGammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey.
2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:BACKGROUND: Binding of the steroidal molecule of rocuronium by a Cyclodextrin is a new concept for reversal of neuromuscular block. The present study evaluated the ability of SuGammadex Org 25969, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative, to reverse constant neuromuscular block of about 90% induced by rocuronium or the non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs, mivacurium or atracurium, in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey. METHODS: After a bolus injection of rocuronium, mivacurium or atracurium, a continuous infusion of these drugs was started to maintain the first twitch contraction of the train-of-four at approximately 10% of its baseline value. After a steady state block of at least 10 min the infusion was stopped and the preparation was allowed to recover spontaneously. This process was repeated, but at the time the infusion was stopped, either suGammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the rocuronium-induced blockade and suGammadex 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the mivacurium- and atracurium-induced blockade. RESULTS: SuGammadex caused a rapid and complete reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. The recovery time to train of four ratio=0.9 after spontaneous recovery was 14.4 min (sd=3.4 min; n=14). This was reduced significantly (P
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SuGammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey.
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:Contains fulltext : 50461.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Binding of the steroidal molecule of rocuronium by a Cyclodextrin is a new concept for reversal of neuromuscular block. The present study evaluated the ability of SuGammadex Org 25969, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative, to reverse constant neuromuscular block of about 90% induced by rocuronium or the non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs, mivacurium or atracurium, in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey. METHODS: After a bolus injection of rocuronium, mivacurium or atracurium, a continuous infusion of these drugs was started to maintain the first twitch contraction of the train-of-four at approximately 10% of its baseline value. After a steady state block of at least 10 min the infusion was stopped and the preparation was allowed to recover spontaneously. This process was repeated, but at the time the infusion was stopped, either suGammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the rocuronium-induced blockade and suGammadex 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the mivacurium- and atracurium-induced blockade. RESULTS: SuGammadex caused a rapid and complete reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. The recovery time to train of four ratio=0.9 after spontaneous recovery was 14.4 min (sd=3.4 min; n=14). This was reduced significantly (P
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Time course of action of suGammadex (Org 25969) on rocuronium-induced block in the Rhesus monkey, using a simple model of equilibration of complex formation.
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Driessen J.j., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:Contains fulltext : 51063.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular block can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex (Org 25969), a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The present study determined the time course of the reversal action of suGammadex on rocuronium-induced block in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: A bolus injection of rocuronium 100 microg kg(-1) (about 1xED(90)) was given to determine the degree of neuromuscular block reached by this dose. After complete spontaneous recovery, a rapid bolus injection of suGammadex, 1 mg kg(-1), was given and at different time intervals (15, 30 or 60 min, in three different experiments) the effect of another rocuronium bolus injection of 100 microg kg(-1) was determined. RESULTS: Injection of the first dose of rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular block (depression of first twitch) of 93 (SEM=1.6)%. Fifteen minutes after injection of suGammadex the same rocuronium dose resulted in 17% (SEM=5.6) block. After 30 and 60 min these maximum blocks amounted to 49% (SEM=7.6) and 79% (SEM=4.2), respectively. The estimated half-life of suGammadex in Rhesus monkey is 30 (SEM=4.9) min. CONCLUSIONS: The half-life of suGammadex (Org 25969), a new fast and efficient reversal agent for rocuronium-induced block, is relatively short in the Rhesus monkey, implying the possibility to perform neuromuscular block by rocuronium shortly after reversal of a prior block. In translation to the human situation differences in rocuronium sensitivity and kinetics should be taken into account
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Time course of action of suGammadex (Org 25969) on rocuronium-induced block in the Rhesus monkey, using a simple model of equilibration of complex formation.
2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Driessen J.j., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular block can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex (Org 25969), a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The present study determined the time course of the reversal action of suGammadex on rocuronium-induced block in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: A bolus injection of rocuronium 100 microg kg(-1) (about 1xED(90)) was given to determine the degree of neuromuscular block reached by this dose. After complete spontaneous recovery, a rapid bolus injection of suGammadex, 1 mg kg(-1), was given and at different time intervals (15, 30 or 60 min, in three different experiments) the effect of another rocuronium bolus injection of 100 microg kg(-1) was determined. RESULTS: Injection of the first dose of rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular block (depression of first twitch) of 93 (SEM=1.6)%. Fifteen minutes after injection of suGammadex the same rocuronium dose resulted in 17% (SEM=5.6) block. After 30 and 60 min these maximum blocks amounted to 49% (SEM=7.6) and 79% (SEM=4.2), respectively. The estimated half-life of suGammadex in Rhesus monkey is 30 (SEM=4.9) min. CONCLUSIONS: The half-life of suGammadex (Org 25969), a new fast and efficient reversal agent for rocuronium-induced block, is relatively short in the Rhesus monkey, implying the possibility to perform neuromuscular block by rocuronium shortly after reversal of a prior block. In translation to the human situation differences in rocuronium sensitivity and kinetics should be taken into account
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Reversal of profound rocuronium neuromuscular blockade by suGammadex in anesthetized rhesus monkeys.
'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The current study determined the feasibility of reversal of rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade with suGammadex in the anesthetized rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: Four female rhesus monkeys each underwent three experiments. In each experiment, first, a 100-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected and spontaneous recovery was monitored. After full recovery, a 500-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected. Up to this point, all three experiments in a single monkey were identical. One minute after this rocuronium injection, either one of the two tested dosages of suGammadex (1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg) was injected or saline was injected. RESULTS: Injection of 100 microg/kg rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular blockade of 93.0% (SD = 4%), and profound blockade was achieved by injection of 500 microg/kg. In all experiments, a 100% neuromuscular blockade was achieved at this dose. After injection of the high rocuronium dose, the 90% recovery of the train-of-four ratio took 28 min (SD = 7 min) after saline, 26 min (SD = 9.5 min) after 1 mg/kg suGammadex, and 8 min (SD = 3.6 min) after 2.5 mg/kg suGammadex. Signs of residual blockade or recurarization were not observed. Injection of suGammadex had no significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex is a new therapeutic mechanism allowing effective and rapid reversal of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium in anesthetized rhesus monkeys
H.d. De ,boer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reversal of rocuronium-induced (1.2 mg/kg) profound neuromuscular block by suGammadex: a multicenter, dose-finding and safety study.
'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2007Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Driessen J.j., Kerkkamp H.e.m., Heeringa M., Klimek M.Abstract:Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a modified Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of suGammadex in reversing rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade at 5 min in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients. METHODS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (aged 18-64 yr) scheduled to undergo surgical procedures (anticipated anesthesia duration >/= 90 min) were randomly assigned to a phase II, multicenter, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel, dose-finding study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and an opioid. Profound neuromuscular blockade was induced with 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. SuGammadex (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, or 16.0 mg/kg) or placebo (0.9% saline) was then administered 5 min after the administration of rocuronium. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleromyography, using train-of-four nerve stimulation. Recovery time was the time from the start of administration of suGammadex or placebo, to recovery of the train-of-four ratio to 0.9. Safety assessments were performed on the day of the operation and during the postoperative and follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients received either suGammadex or placebo. Increasing doses of suGammadex reduced the mean recovery time from 122 min (spontaneous recovery) to less than 2 min in a dose-dependent manner. Signs of recurrence of blockade were not observed. No serious adverse events related to suGammadex were reported. Two adverse events possibly related to suGammadex were reported in two patients (diarrhea and light anesthesia); however, both patients recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: SuGammadex rapidly and effectively reversed profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in humans and was well tolerated
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SuGammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey.
2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:BACKGROUND: Binding of the steroidal molecule of rocuronium by a Cyclodextrin is a new concept for reversal of neuromuscular block. The present study evaluated the ability of SuGammadex Org 25969, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative, to reverse constant neuromuscular block of about 90% induced by rocuronium or the non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs, mivacurium or atracurium, in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey. METHODS: After a bolus injection of rocuronium, mivacurium or atracurium, a continuous infusion of these drugs was started to maintain the first twitch contraction of the train-of-four at approximately 10% of its baseline value. After a steady state block of at least 10 min the infusion was stopped and the preparation was allowed to recover spontaneously. This process was repeated, but at the time the infusion was stopped, either suGammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the rocuronium-induced blockade and suGammadex 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the mivacurium- and atracurium-induced blockade. RESULTS: SuGammadex caused a rapid and complete reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. The recovery time to train of four ratio=0.9 after spontaneous recovery was 14.4 min (sd=3.4 min; n=14). This was reduced significantly (P
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SuGammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey.
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:Contains fulltext : 50461.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Binding of the steroidal molecule of rocuronium by a Cyclodextrin is a new concept for reversal of neuromuscular block. The present study evaluated the ability of SuGammadex Org 25969, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative, to reverse constant neuromuscular block of about 90% induced by rocuronium or the non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs, mivacurium or atracurium, in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey. METHODS: After a bolus injection of rocuronium, mivacurium or atracurium, a continuous infusion of these drugs was started to maintain the first twitch contraction of the train-of-four at approximately 10% of its baseline value. After a steady state block of at least 10 min the infusion was stopped and the preparation was allowed to recover spontaneously. This process was repeated, but at the time the infusion was stopped, either suGammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the rocuronium-induced blockade and suGammadex 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given in the mivacurium- and atracurium-induced blockade. RESULTS: SuGammadex caused a rapid and complete reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. The recovery time to train of four ratio=0.9 after spontaneous recovery was 14.4 min (sd=3.4 min; n=14). This was reduced significantly (P
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Time course of action of suGammadex (Org 25969) on rocuronium-induced block in the Rhesus monkey, using a simple model of equilibration of complex formation.
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Driessen J.j., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:Contains fulltext : 51063.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular block can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex (Org 25969), a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The present study determined the time course of the reversal action of suGammadex on rocuronium-induced block in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: A bolus injection of rocuronium 100 microg kg(-1) (about 1xED(90)) was given to determine the degree of neuromuscular block reached by this dose. After complete spontaneous recovery, a rapid bolus injection of suGammadex, 1 mg kg(-1), was given and at different time intervals (15, 30 or 60 min, in three different experiments) the effect of another rocuronium bolus injection of 100 microg kg(-1) was determined. RESULTS: Injection of the first dose of rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular block (depression of first twitch) of 93 (SEM=1.6)%. Fifteen minutes after injection of suGammadex the same rocuronium dose resulted in 17% (SEM=5.6) block. After 30 and 60 min these maximum blocks amounted to 49% (SEM=7.6) and 79% (SEM=4.2), respectively. The estimated half-life of suGammadex in Rhesus monkey is 30 (SEM=4.9) min. CONCLUSIONS: The half-life of suGammadex (Org 25969), a new fast and efficient reversal agent for rocuronium-induced block, is relatively short in the Rhesus monkey, implying the possibility to perform neuromuscular block by rocuronium shortly after reversal of a prior block. In translation to the human situation differences in rocuronium sensitivity and kinetics should be taken into account
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Time course of action of suGammadex (Org 25969) on rocuronium-induced block in the Rhesus monkey, using a simple model of equilibration of complex formation.
2006Co-Authors: H.d. De ,boer, Egmond J. Van, Pol F. Van De, Bom A., Driessen J.j., Booij L.h.d.j.Abstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular block can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex (Org 25969), a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The present study determined the time course of the reversal action of suGammadex on rocuronium-induced block in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: A bolus injection of rocuronium 100 microg kg(-1) (about 1xED(90)) was given to determine the degree of neuromuscular block reached by this dose. After complete spontaneous recovery, a rapid bolus injection of suGammadex, 1 mg kg(-1), was given and at different time intervals (15, 30 or 60 min, in three different experiments) the effect of another rocuronium bolus injection of 100 microg kg(-1) was determined. RESULTS: Injection of the first dose of rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular block (depression of first twitch) of 93 (SEM=1.6)%. Fifteen minutes after injection of suGammadex the same rocuronium dose resulted in 17% (SEM=5.6) block. After 30 and 60 min these maximum blocks amounted to 49% (SEM=7.6) and 79% (SEM=4.2), respectively. The estimated half-life of suGammadex in Rhesus monkey is 30 (SEM=4.9) min. CONCLUSIONS: The half-life of suGammadex (Org 25969), a new fast and efficient reversal agent for rocuronium-induced block, is relatively short in the Rhesus monkey, implying the possibility to perform neuromuscular block by rocuronium shortly after reversal of a prior block. In translation to the human situation differences in rocuronium sensitivity and kinetics should be taken into account
Leo H. D. J. Booij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reversal of profound rocuronium neuromuscular blockade by suGammadex in anesthetized rhesus monkeys
Anesthesiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hans D. De Boer, Jan Van Egmond, Leo H. D. J. BooijAbstract:BACKGROUND: Reversal of neuromuscular blockade can be accomplished by chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex, a synthetic Gamma-Cyclodextrin Derivative. The current study determined the feasibility of reversal of rocuronium-induced profound neuromuscular blockade with suGammadex in the anesthetized rhesus monkey using train-of-four stimulation. METHODS: Four female rhesus monkeys each underwent three experiments. In each experiment, first, a 100-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected and spontaneous recovery was monitored. After full recovery, a 500-microg/kg dose of rocuronium was injected. Up to this point, all three experiments in a single monkey were identical. One minute after this rocuronium injection, either one of the two tested dosages of suGammadex (1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg) was injected or saline was injected. RESULTS: Injection of 100 microg/kg rocuronium resulted in a mean neuromuscular blockade of 93.0% (SD = 4%), and profound blockade was achieved by injection of 500 microg/kg. In all experiments, a 100% neuromuscular blockade was achieved at this dose. After injection of the high rocuronium dose, the 90% recovery of the train-of-four ratio took 28 min (SD = 7 min) after saline, 26 min (SD = 9.5 min) after 1 mg/kg suGammadex, and 8 min (SD = 3.6 min) after 2.5 mg/kg suGammadex. Signs of residual blockade or recurarization were not observed. Injection of suGammadex had no significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by suGammadex is a new therapeutic mechanism allowing effective and rapid reversal of profound neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium in anesthetized rhesus monkeys.
