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Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protein-based fluorescent bioassay for low-dose Gamma Radiation exposures.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Alena Petrova, Anna A. Lukonina, D. V. Dementyev, Alexander Bolsunovsky, Anatoliy V. Popov, Nadezhda S. KudryashevaAbstract:The study suggests an application of a coelenteramide-containing fluorescent protein (CLM-CFP) as a simplest bioassay for Gamma Radiation exposures. "Discharged obelin," a product of the bioluminescence reaction of the marine coelenterate Obelia longissima, was used as a representative of the CLM-CFP group. The bioassay is based on a simple enzymatic reaction-photochemical proton transfer in the coelenteramide-apoprotein complex. Components of this reaction differ in fluorescence color, providing, by this, an evaluation of the proton transfer efficiency in the photochemical process. This efficiency depends on the microenvironment of the coelenteramide within the protein complex, and, hence, can evaluate a destructive ability of Gamma Radiation. The CLM-CFP samples were exposed to Gamma Radiation (137Cs, 2 mGy/h) for 7 and 16 days at 20 °C and 5 °C, respectively. As a result, two fluorescence characteristics (overall fluorescence intensity and contributions of color components to the fluorescence spectra) were identified as bioassay parameters. Both parameters demonstrated high sensitivity of the CLM-CFP-based bioassay to the low-dose Gamma Radiation exposure (up to 100 mGy). Higher temperature (20 °C) enhanced the response of CLM-CFP to Gamma Radiation. This new bioassay can provide fluorescent multicolor assessment of protein destruction in cells and physiological liquids under exposure to low doses of Gamma Radiation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Autumn S. Bordner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measurement of background Gamma Radiation in the northern marshall islands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Autumn S. Bordner, Danielle A. Crosswell, Ainsley O. Katz, Jill T. Shah, Catherine Ruiqi Zhang, Emlyn Hughes, Ivana Nikolichughes, M. RudermanAbstract:Abstract We report measurements of background Gamma Radiation levels on six islands in the northern Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Medren, and Runit onEnewetak Atoll; Bikini and Nam on Bikini Atoll; and Rongelap on Rongelap Atoll). Measurable excess Radiation could be expected from the decay of 137Cs produced by the US nuclear testing program there from 1946 to 1958. These recordings are of relevance to safety of human habitation and resettlement. We find low levels of Gamma Radiation for the settled island of Enewetak [mean = 7.6 millirem/year (mrem/y) = 0.076 millisievert/year (mSv/y)], larger levels of Gamma Radiation for the island of Rongelap (mean = 19.8 mrem/y = 0.198 mSv/y), and relatively high Gamma Radiation on the island of Bikini (mean = 184 mrem/y = 1.84 mSv/y). Distributions of Gamma Radiation levels are provided, and hot spots are discussed. We provide interpolated maps for four islands (Enewetak, Medren, Bikini, and Rongelap), and make comparisons to control measurements performed on the island of Majuro in the southern Marshall Islands, measurements made in Central Park in New York City, and the standard agreed upon by the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) governments (100 mrem/y = 1 mSv/y). External Gamma Radiation levels on Bikini Island significantly exceed this standard (P = <<0.01), and external Gamma Radiation levels on the other islands are below the standard. To determine conclusively whether these islands are safe for habitation, Radiation exposure through additional pathways such as food ingestion must be considered.
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Measurement of background Gamma Radiation in the northern Marshall Islands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Autumn S. Bordner, Danielle A. Crosswell, Ainsley O. Katz, Jill T. Shah, Catherine Ruiqi Zhang, Ivana Nikolić-hughes, Emlyn Hughes, M. RudermanAbstract:Abstract We report measurements of background Gamma Radiation levels on six islands in the northern Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Medren, and Runit onEnewetak Atoll; Bikini and Nam on Bikini Atoll; and Rongelap on Rongelap Atoll). Measurable excess Radiation could be expected from the decay of 137Cs produced by the US nuclear testing program there from 1946 to 1958. These recordings are of relevance to safety of human habitation and resettlement. We find low levels of Gamma Radiation for the settled island of Enewetak [mean = 7.6 millirem/year (mrem/y) = 0.076 millisievert/year (mSv/y)], larger levels of Gamma Radiation for the island of Rongelap (mean = 19.8 mrem/y = 0.198 mSv/y), and relatively high Gamma Radiation on the island of Bikini (mean = 184 mrem/y = 1.84 mSv/y). Distributions of Gamma Radiation levels are provided, and hot spots are discussed. We provide interpolated maps for four islands (Enewetak, Medren, Bikini, and Rongelap), and make comparisons to control measurements performed on the island of Majuro in the southern Marshall Islands, measurements made in Central Park in New York City, and the standard agreed upon by the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) governments (100 mrem/y = 1 mSv/y). External Gamma Radiation levels on Bikini Island significantly exceed this standard (P =
M. Ruderman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measurement of background Gamma Radiation in the northern marshall islands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Autumn S. Bordner, Danielle A. Crosswell, Ainsley O. Katz, Jill T. Shah, Catherine Ruiqi Zhang, Emlyn Hughes, Ivana Nikolichughes, M. RudermanAbstract:Abstract We report measurements of background Gamma Radiation levels on six islands in the northern Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Medren, and Runit onEnewetak Atoll; Bikini and Nam on Bikini Atoll; and Rongelap on Rongelap Atoll). Measurable excess Radiation could be expected from the decay of 137Cs produced by the US nuclear testing program there from 1946 to 1958. These recordings are of relevance to safety of human habitation and resettlement. We find low levels of Gamma Radiation for the settled island of Enewetak [mean = 7.6 millirem/year (mrem/y) = 0.076 millisievert/year (mSv/y)], larger levels of Gamma Radiation for the island of Rongelap (mean = 19.8 mrem/y = 0.198 mSv/y), and relatively high Gamma Radiation on the island of Bikini (mean = 184 mrem/y = 1.84 mSv/y). Distributions of Gamma Radiation levels are provided, and hot spots are discussed. We provide interpolated maps for four islands (Enewetak, Medren, Bikini, and Rongelap), and make comparisons to control measurements performed on the island of Majuro in the southern Marshall Islands, measurements made in Central Park in New York City, and the standard agreed upon by the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) governments (100 mrem/y = 1 mSv/y). External Gamma Radiation levels on Bikini Island significantly exceed this standard (P = <<0.01), and external Gamma Radiation levels on the other islands are below the standard. To determine conclusively whether these islands are safe for habitation, Radiation exposure through additional pathways such as food ingestion must be considered.
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Measurement of background Gamma Radiation in the northern Marshall Islands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Autumn S. Bordner, Danielle A. Crosswell, Ainsley O. Katz, Jill T. Shah, Catherine Ruiqi Zhang, Ivana Nikolić-hughes, Emlyn Hughes, M. RudermanAbstract:Abstract We report measurements of background Gamma Radiation levels on six islands in the northern Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Medren, and Runit onEnewetak Atoll; Bikini and Nam on Bikini Atoll; and Rongelap on Rongelap Atoll). Measurable excess Radiation could be expected from the decay of 137Cs produced by the US nuclear testing program there from 1946 to 1958. These recordings are of relevance to safety of human habitation and resettlement. We find low levels of Gamma Radiation for the settled island of Enewetak [mean = 7.6 millirem/year (mrem/y) = 0.076 millisievert/year (mSv/y)], larger levels of Gamma Radiation for the island of Rongelap (mean = 19.8 mrem/y = 0.198 mSv/y), and relatively high Gamma Radiation on the island of Bikini (mean = 184 mrem/y = 1.84 mSv/y). Distributions of Gamma Radiation levels are provided, and hot spots are discussed. We provide interpolated maps for four islands (Enewetak, Medren, Bikini, and Rongelap), and make comparisons to control measurements performed on the island of Majuro in the southern Marshall Islands, measurements made in Central Park in New York City, and the standard agreed upon by the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) governments (100 mrem/y = 1 mSv/y). External Gamma Radiation levels on Bikini Island significantly exceed this standard (P =
Alena Petrova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protein-based fluorescent bioassay for low-dose Gamma Radiation exposures.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Alena Petrova, Anna A. Lukonina, D. V. Dementyev, Alexander Bolsunovsky, Anatoliy V. Popov, Nadezhda S. KudryashevaAbstract:The study suggests an application of a coelenteramide-containing fluorescent protein (CLM-CFP) as a simplest bioassay for Gamma Radiation exposures. "Discharged obelin," a product of the bioluminescence reaction of the marine coelenterate Obelia longissima, was used as a representative of the CLM-CFP group. The bioassay is based on a simple enzymatic reaction-photochemical proton transfer in the coelenteramide-apoprotein complex. Components of this reaction differ in fluorescence color, providing, by this, an evaluation of the proton transfer efficiency in the photochemical process. This efficiency depends on the microenvironment of the coelenteramide within the protein complex, and, hence, can evaluate a destructive ability of Gamma Radiation. The CLM-CFP samples were exposed to Gamma Radiation (137Cs, 2 mGy/h) for 7 and 16 days at 20 °C and 5 °C, respectively. As a result, two fluorescence characteristics (overall fluorescence intensity and contributions of color components to the fluorescence spectra) were identified as bioassay parameters. Both parameters demonstrated high sensitivity of the CLM-CFP-based bioassay to the low-dose Gamma Radiation exposure (up to 100 mGy). Higher temperature (20 °C) enhanced the response of CLM-CFP to Gamma Radiation. This new bioassay can provide fluorescent multicolor assessment of protein destruction in cells and physiological liquids under exposure to low doses of Gamma Radiation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Judith A Gilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Gamma Radiation and childhood leukaemia
The Lancet. Oncology, 2012Co-Authors: Judith A GilbertAbstract:An increased risk for childhood leukaemia has been shown to be associated with Gamma Radiation from natural sources. A recent study examined background Radiation exposure in 27 447 patients with child hood cancer in England, Scotland, and Wales diagnosed between 1980 and 2006 and matched with 36 793 controls. Analyses were based on records of childhood cancers diagnosed in children younger than 15 years and recorded in the National Registry of Childhood Tumours. The indoor Gamma-ray dose rates for patients and controls from birth until time of diagnosis were based on a UK national survey of natural background Radiation in dwellings. The investigators reported a progressive increase in the risk of leukaemia with cumulative Gammaray dose, with a signifi cantly raised risk occurring at doses greater than 4·1 mGy. To account for shielding of the red bone marrow by the body, absorbed Gamma rays were expressed as red bone marrow equivalent doses in mSv. The relative risk of childhood leukaemia increased by 12% (95% CI 3–22; two-sided p=0·01) per mSv of cumulative red bone marrow dose of natural Gamma Radiation. No association with other childhood cancers was reported for natural Gamma Radiation or background radon, or between leukaemia and radon. Study author Gerald Kendall (Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK) said, “This study provides good evidence that there are eff ects of Radiation at these low rates, whereas some people have said there are no eff ects at all”. He added, “A follow-up study is being planned that will include more cases and controls and that will go forward beyond 2006 as well as backwards to 1962. The second study will have better estimates of Gamma ray exposure than this study, which used the average Gamma Radiation exposure in each of about 450 British county districts.” Louise Parker (Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada) said: “This was a very carefully conducted study by a group of researchers who are leaders in the fi eld, that involved a very large number of cases. This is one of the fi rst papers ever to demonstrate the quantitative relationship between childhood leukaemia and background Gamma Radiation in a convincing way.”
