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Roger Atkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of the Gas Phase Reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons and pahs with oh and no 3 radicals
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2007Co-Authors: Roger Atkinson, Janet AreyAbstract:Chemical removal for the simple monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and the C 1 -C 3 alkylbenzenes) and naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes in the atmosphere is by reaction with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes may also be removed, but to a much lesser extent, by reaction with nitrate (NO 3 ) radicals. While rate constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH radicals and NO 3 radicals with many of the simple monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and with naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes have been measured, the detailed mechanisms of these OH radical-and NO 3 radical-initiated Reactions in the atmosphere are less well understood, especially for naphthalene and the alkylnaphthalenes. Here we present the available data on the reaction mechanisms occurring under laboratory conditions and attempt to reconcile these data with ambient atmospheric measurements. The OH radical Reactions with benzene and alkylbenzenes and the OH radical and NO 3 radical ...
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formation of 9 10 phenanthrenequinone by atmospheric Gas Phase Reactions of phenanthrene
Atmospheric Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Lin Wang, Roger Atkinson, Janet AreyAbstract:Abstract Phenanthrene is a 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which exists mainly in the Gas-Phase in the atmosphere. Recent concern over the presence of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in ambient particles led us to study the products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of phenanthrene with hydroxyl radicals, nitrate radicals and ozone. The formation yields of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone were measured to be ∼3%, 33±9%, and ∼2% from the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 Reactions, respectively. Calculations suggest that daytime OH radical-initiated and nighttime NO3 radical-initiated Reactions of Gas-Phase phenanthrene may be significant sources of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in ambient atmospheres. In contrast, the ozone reaction with phenanthrene is unlikely to contribute significantly to ambient 9,10-phenanthrenequinone.
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Atmospheric Gas-Phase Reactions of Selected Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2002Co-Authors: Pilar Martín, Roger Atkinson, Ernesto C. Tuazon, A. David MaughanAbstract:The kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of phosphorus oxychloride [P(O)Cl3], methylphosphonic dichloride [CH3P(O)Cl2], dimethyl phosphonate [(CH3O)2P(O)H], and trimethyl phosphite [(CH3O)3P] with t...
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Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of the OH Radical with 1-Methoxy-2-propanol and 2-Butoxyethanol
Environmental Science & Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Ernesto C. Tuazon, Sara M Aschmann, Roger AtkinsonAbstract:Glycol ethers are used as solvents and are hence liable to be released to the atmosphere, where they react and contribute to the formation of photochemical air pollution. In this work, products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of the OH radical with 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 2-butoxyethanol in the presence of NO have been investigated at 298 {+-} 2K and 740 Torr total pressure of air by Gas chromatography, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The products observed from 1-methoxy-2-propanol were methyl formate, methoxyacetone, and acetaldehyde with molar formation yields of 0.59 {+-} 0.05, 0.39 {+-} 0.04, and 0.56 {+-} 0.07, respectively. The products observed and quantified from 2-butoxyethanol were n-butyl formate, 2-hydroxyethyl formate, propanal, 3-hydroxybutyl formate, and an organic nitrate with molar formation yields of 0.57 {+-} 0.05, 0.22 {+-} 0.05, 0.21 {+-} 0.02, 0.07 {+-} 0.03, and 0.10 {+-} 0.03, respectively. An additional product of molecular weight 132, attributed to one or more hydroxycarbonyl products, was also observed from the 2-butoxyethanol reaction by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. For both glycol ethers, the majority of the reaction products and reaction pathways are accounted for, and detailed reaction mechanisms are presented which accountmore » for the observed products.« less
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Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 with the Monoterpene Reaction Products Pinonaldehyde, Caronaldehyde, and Sabinaketone
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Alvaro Alvarado, Janet Arey, Roger AtkinsonAbstract:Using a relative rate method, rate constants have been measured for the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 radicals with pinonaldehyde, caronaldehyde and sabinaketone at 296 ± 2 K. The OH radical reaction rate constants obtained are (in units of 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): pinonaldehyde, 48 ± 8; caronaldehyde, 48 ± 8; and sabinaketone, 5.1 ± 1.4, and the NO3 radical reaction rate constants are (in units of 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): pinonaldehyde, 2.0 ± 0.9; caronaldehyde, 2.5 ± 1.1; and sabinaketone, 0.036 ± 0.023, where the error limits include the estimated overall uncertainties in the rate constants for the reference compounds. Upper limits to the O3 reaction rate constants were also obtained, of
Janet Arey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of the Gas Phase Reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons and pahs with oh and no 3 radicals
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2007Co-Authors: Roger Atkinson, Janet AreyAbstract:Chemical removal for the simple monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and the C 1 -C 3 alkylbenzenes) and naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes in the atmosphere is by reaction with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes may also be removed, but to a much lesser extent, by reaction with nitrate (NO 3 ) radicals. While rate constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH radicals and NO 3 radicals with many of the simple monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and with naphthalene and the C 1 -C 2 alkylnaphthalenes have been measured, the detailed mechanisms of these OH radical-and NO 3 radical-initiated Reactions in the atmosphere are less well understood, especially for naphthalene and the alkylnaphthalenes. Here we present the available data on the reaction mechanisms occurring under laboratory conditions and attempt to reconcile these data with ambient atmospheric measurements. The OH radical Reactions with benzene and alkylbenzenes and the OH radical and NO 3 radical ...
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formation of 9 10 phenanthrenequinone by atmospheric Gas Phase Reactions of phenanthrene
Atmospheric Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Lin Wang, Roger Atkinson, Janet AreyAbstract:Abstract Phenanthrene is a 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which exists mainly in the Gas-Phase in the atmosphere. Recent concern over the presence of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in ambient particles led us to study the products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of phenanthrene with hydroxyl radicals, nitrate radicals and ozone. The formation yields of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone were measured to be ∼3%, 33±9%, and ∼2% from the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 Reactions, respectively. Calculations suggest that daytime OH radical-initiated and nighttime NO3 radical-initiated Reactions of Gas-Phase phenanthrene may be significant sources of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in ambient atmospheres. In contrast, the ozone reaction with phenanthrene is unlikely to contribute significantly to ambient 9,10-phenanthrenequinone.
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Rate Constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of a Series of Alkylnaphthalenes with the Nitrate Radical
Environmental Science & Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Patricia T Phousongphouang, Janet AreyAbstract:Naphthalene and its methyl-, ethyl-, and dimethyl- derivatives are semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons expected to be in the Gas Phase in ambient atmospheres and are subject to nighttime degradation by Gas-Phase Reactions with the nitrate (NO3) radical. Using a relative rate method, rate constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of NO3 radicals with a series of alkylnaphthalenes have been measured at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. The compounds studied were 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene (1- and 2-MN), 1- and 2-ethylnaphthalene (1- and 2-EN), and the 10 dimethylnaphthalene isomers (1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, 1,7-, 1,8-, 2,3-, 2,6-, and 2,7-DMN). Sampling in Riverside, CA showed that these alkylnaphthalenes were readily detected in ambient air, with the exception of 1,8-DMN. The Reactions of naphthalene and the alkylnaphthalenes with NO3 radicals proceed by initial addition of the radical to form an aromatic-NO3 adduct (with rate constant ka) which either decomposes back to reactants (with...
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Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH Radicals with p-Xylene and 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Effect of NO2 Concentration
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2000Co-Authors: Heidi L. Bethel, Roger Atkinson, Janet AreyAbstract:Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of the OH radical with p-xylene and 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene have been measured by Gas chromatography in the presence of varying concentrations of NO2. Our product analyses show that the ring-cleavage products 2,3-butanedione (from 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and 3-hexene-2,5-dione (from p-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) exhibit a dependence of their formation yields on the NO2 concentration, with higher yields from the Reactions of the OH−aromatic adducts with O2 than from their Reactions with NO2. Furthermore, our data show that these ring-cleavage products are primary products of the OH−aromatic adduct Reactions. Formation yields extrapolated to zero NO2 concentration should be applicable to ambient atmospheric conditions (provided that there is sufficient NO that peroxy radicals react dominantly with NO), and are from p-xylene, p-tolualdehyde, 0.0706 ± 0.0042 (independent of NO2 concentration), 2,5-dimethylphenol, 0.138 ± 0.016 (independent of NO2...
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Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 with the Monoterpene Reaction Products Pinonaldehyde, Caronaldehyde, and Sabinaketone
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Alvaro Alvarado, Janet Arey, Roger AtkinsonAbstract:Using a relative rate method, rate constants have been measured for the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH and NO3 radicals with pinonaldehyde, caronaldehyde and sabinaketone at 296 ± 2 K. The OH radical reaction rate constants obtained are (in units of 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): pinonaldehyde, 48 ± 8; caronaldehyde, 48 ± 8; and sabinaketone, 5.1 ± 1.4, and the NO3 radical reaction rate constants are (in units of 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1): pinonaldehyde, 2.0 ± 0.9; caronaldehyde, 2.5 ± 1.1; and sabinaketone, 0.036 ± 0.023, where the error limits include the estimated overall uncertainties in the rate constants for the reference compounds. Upper limits to the O3 reaction rate constants were also obtained, of
Witold Danikiewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions a mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Blaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gas‐Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions – A mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Błaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gas Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions a mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Blaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Riccardo Spezia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the formation of propylene oxide from propylene in space: Gas-Phase Reactions
Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, 2019Co-Authors: Enrico Bodo, Giulia Bovolenta, Chloe Simha, Riccardo SpeziaAbstract:In the present article, we have investigated the possibility of forming propylene oxide (PO) from propylene (PE) by bi-molecular Reactions. Propylene oxide is the first chiral molecule observed in the interstellar medium, and studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of formation can suggest possible synthetic routes. We have focused our attention on Gas-Phase Reactions, and the presence of an environment is discussed in particular for the possibility of forming it by association Reactions. In particular, we have considered radical and ion–molecule Reactions. Results show that the main Gas-Phase route to PO formation is represented by ion–molecule Reactions which turn out to be compatible with astrophysical conditions, notably: $$\hbox {PE} + \hbox {O}^{+}$$ PE + O + and $$\hbox {PE} + \hbox {HO}_2^{+}$$ PE + HO 2 + . Their final product is not PO, but its ionized variant $$\hbox {PO}^{+}$$ PO + that can be neutralized by electron capture. The only thermodynamically and kinetically allowed reaction which can directly lead to neutral PO is a collision of PE with a singlet-excited $$\hbox {OH}^{+}$$ OH + but two competing Reactions (leading to $$\hbox {PE}^{+}$$ PE + and $$\hbox {PO}^{+}$$ PO + ) are thermodynamically favored and thus more plausible in space.
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On the formation of propylene oxide from propylene in space: Gas-Phase Reactions
Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory Computation and Modeling, 2019Co-Authors: Enrico Bodo, Giulia Bovolenta, Chloe Simha, Riccardo SpeziaAbstract:In the present article we have investigated the possibility of forming propylene oxide (PO) from propylene (PE) by bi-molecular Reactions. Propylene oxide is the first chiral molecule observed in the interstellar medium, and studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of formation can suggest possible synthetic routes. We have focused our attention on Gas Phase Reactions, and the presence of an environment is discussed in particular for the possibility of forming it by association Reactions. In particular, we have considered radical and ion-molecule Reactions. Results show that the main Gas-Phase route to PO formation is represented by ion-molecule Reactions which turn out to be compatible with astrophys-ical conditions, notably: PE + O + and PE + HO + 2. Their final product is not PO, but its ionized variant PO + that can be neutralized by electron capture. The only thermodynamically and kinetically allowed reaction which can directly lead to neutral PO is a collision of PE with a singlet-excited OH + but two competing Reactions (leading to PE + and PO +) are thermodynamically favored and thus more plausible in space.
Barbara Repec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions a mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Blaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gas‐Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions – A mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Błaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gas Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions a mass spectrometry and computational study
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Repec, Kacper Blaziak, Witold DanikiewiczAbstract:Rationale Methyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study Gas-Phase Reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values. Methods All experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision Gas to the collision cell where the Reactions take place. Results Mass spectra recorded for the Gas-Phase Reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Conclusions Our preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying Gas-Phase Reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the Gas Phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
