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W.j.t. Van Gemert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Balancing Gas Supply and demand with a sustainable Gas Supply chain – A study based on field data
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Antonius Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van Gemert, Evert Jan HengeveldAbstract:The possibilities of balancing Gas Supply and demand with a green Gas Supply chain were analyzed. The considered Supply chain is based on co-digestion of cow manure and maize, the produced bioGas is upgraded to (Dutch) natural Gas standards. The applicability of modeling yearly Gas demand data in a geographical region by Fourier analysis was investigated. For a sine shape Gas demand, three scenarios were further investigated: varying bioGas production in time, adding Gas storage to a Supply chain, and adding a second digester to the Supply chain which is assumed to be switched off during the summer months. A regional Gas demand modeled by a sine function is reasonable for household type of users as well as for business areas, or a mixture of those. Of the considered scenarios, Gas storage is by far the most expensive. When Gas demand has to be met by a green Gas Supply chain, flexible bioGas production is an interesting option. Further research in this direction might open interesting pathways to sustainable Gas Supply chains.
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Operational modeling of a sustainable Gas Supply chain
Engineering in Life Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Ton A. Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van GemertAbstract:BioGas production from codigestion of cattle manure and biomass can have a significant contribution to a sustainable Gas Supply when this Gas is upgraded to specifications prescribed for injection into the national Gas grid and injected into this grid. In this study, we analyzed such a Gas Supply chain in a Dutch situation. A model was developed with which the cost price per m(n)(3) was presented as a function of scale level (m(n)(3)/hr). The hypothesis that transport costs increase with increasing scale level was confirmed although this is not the main factor influencing the cost price for the considered production scales. For farm-scale Gas Supply chains (approximately 150-250 m(n)(3)/h green Gas), a significant improvement is expected from decreasing costs of digesters and upgrading installations, and efficiency improvement of digesters. In this study also practical sustainability criteria for such a Supply chain were investigated. For this reason, the digestate from the digester should be used as a fertilizer. For larger scale levels, the number of transport movements and energy use in the Supply chain seem to become a limiting factor with respect to sustainability.
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optimisation of a green Gas Supply chain a review
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Antonius Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van GemertAbstract:In this review the knowledge status of and future research options on a green Gas Supply based on bioGas production by co-digestion is explored. Applications and developments of the (bio)Gas Supply in The Netherlands have been considered, whereafter literature research has been done into the several stages from production of dairy cattle manure and biomass to green Gas injection into the Gas grid. An overview of a green Gas Supply chain has not been made before. In this study it is concluded that on installation level (micro-level) much practical knowledge is available and on macro-level knowledge about availability of biomass. But on meso-level (operations level of a green Gas Supply) very little research has been done until now. Future research should include the modeling of a green Gas Supply chain on an operations level, i.e. questions must be answered as where to build digesters based on availability of biomass. Such a model should also advise on technology of upgrading depending on scale factors. Future research might also give insight in the usability of mixing (partly upgraded) bioGas with natural Gas. The preconditions for mixing would depend on composition of the Gas, the ratio of Gases to be mixed and the requirements on the mixture.
Jing Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Systematic Methodology to Assess Hydraulic Reliability and Gas Supply Reliability of the Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Jing Gong, Weihe Huang, Hongfei Liu, Fuhua Dang, Jili Luo, Yuanhang SunAbstract:Abstract Reliability of the natural Gas pipeline network is related to security of Gas Supply directly. According to the different required functions of the natural Gas pipeline network, its reliability is divided into three aspects, namely mechanical reliability, hydraulic reliability, and Gas Supply reliability. However, most of the previous studies confused the definitions of the hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability. Moreover, the uncertainty in the process of Supplying natural Gas to the targeted market and the hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline network are often ignored. Therefore, a methodology to assess hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline network is developed in the study, and the uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline network are both considered. The methodology consists of four parts: establishment of the indicator system, calculation of the Gas Supply, prediction of the market demand, and assessment of the hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability. Moreover, a case study is applied to confirm the feasibility of the methodology, and the reliability evaluation results provide a comprehensive picture about the abilities of the natural Gas pipeline network to perform the specified Gas Supply function and satisfy consumers' demand, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison between these two types of reliability is presented. The results indicate that the natural Gas pipeline network may not be able to meet the market demand even if the system completes the required Gas Supply tasks due to the impact of the market demand uncertainty.
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Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on Natural Gas Supply Reliability
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2021Co-Authors: Zihui Han, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shuang Shi, Jing GongAbstract:In this study, we have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on natural Gas Supply reliability Natural Gas Supply reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy the market demand and is determined by both Supply-side and demand-side policy To evaluate the Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system, we have applied the method of Gas Supply capacity calculation based on the results of the previous Gas Supply reliability studies The method combines the unsteady flow hydraulic analysis, simulation of the state transition process, and the forecasting analysis of the demand and consumption The analysis presents a case study based on the Gas pipeline system in China The analysis results indicate that the COVID-19 consequences will cause a decrease in Gas Supply reliability © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
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Gas Supply reliability analysis of a natural Gas pipeline system considering the effects of underground Gas storages
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Gong, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shangfei Song, Jie Zhang, Bingyuan Hong, Ye Zhang, Xu DuanAbstract:Abstract Underground Gas storage plays a significant role in ensuring Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas pipeline systems. However, the specific hydraulic characteristics of the underground Gas storage and the uncertainties in its Gas injection/production capacity are generally overlooked when evaluating the Gas Supply reliability. Therefore, an integrated methodology to assess Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system is developed in this study, and three aspects of uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline system are both considered. Based on system’s Gas Supply strategy, the amounts of Gas supplied by the transmission pipeline system and required by the consumers are calculated firstly. The underground Gas storage is then employed to regulate the Supply-demand imbalance between the transmission pipeline system and market demand by performing its Gas injection/production function. Moreover, the operational reliability of the underground Gas storage is evaluated to determine whether it is able to complete the specified Gas injection/production task. Then, the total daily amount of Gas supplied to the consumers, is obtained, and two indicators proposed to quantify the Gas Supply reliability are then calculated. Finally, the expected Gas Supply reliability is assessed based on a large number of Monte Carlo trials. Moreover, the methodology is applied to a simplified Gas pipeline system to confirm its feasibility, and system’s ability to satisfy the consumers demand is evaluated, and the weakest consumer node is identified. Furthermore, the Gas Supply reliability is overestimated without considering the uncertainties in the underground Gas storage’s Gas injection/production capacity.
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Gas Supply reliability assessment of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems
Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Shangfei Song, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Yuan Min, Jing GongAbstract:Abstract The uncertainty of market demand and dynamic behaviour of the pipeline system are usually ignored in previous Gas Supply reliability assessments. With the intent of overcoming these deficiencies, a novel methodology to assess the Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems is proposed in this paper. Considering both Gas Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties, calculations of these two items are integrated into a single Monte Carlo simulation. On each Monte Carlo trial, the hydraulic analysis of unsteady flow is combined with the state transition process simulation to calculate the Gas Supply capacity. In terms of market demand, the load duration curve technology is employed to predict the amount of demand. Then, the indicator proposed to quantify Gas Supply reliability is calculated on each trial. Finally, the average Gas Supply reliability is obtained based on N Monte Carlo trials. Applications of this methodology are demonstrated through a real transmission pipeline system. Thereafter, the method is compared with previous approaches and differences are discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties on the Gas Supply reliability are investigated and suggestions to improve the Gas Supply reliability are proposed.
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A Methodology to Assess the Gas Supply Capacity and Gas Supply Reliability of a Natural Gas Pipeline Network System
Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management Design Construction and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliabili, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Jing GongAbstract:Natural Gas pipeline network system is a critical infrastructure connecting Gas resource and market, which is composed with the transmission pipeline system, underground Gas storage (UGS) and liquefied natural Gas (LNG) terminal demand. A methodology to assess the Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability of a natural Gas pipeline network system is developed in this paper. Due to random failure and maintenance action of the components in the pipeline network system, the system can be in a number of operating states. The methodology is able to simulate the state transition process and the duration of each operating state based on a Monte Carlo approach. After the system transits to other states, the actual flow rate will change accordingly. The hydraulic analysis, which includes thermal-hydraulic simulation and maximum flow algorithm, is applied to analyze the change law of the actual flow rate. By combining the hydraulic analysis into the simulation of the state transition process, Gas Supply capacity of the pipeline network system is quantified. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of market demand, the load duration curve (LDC) method is employed to predict the amount of demand for each consumer node. The Gas Supply reliability is then calculated by comparing the Gas Supply capacity with market demand. Finally, a detailed procedure for Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability assessment of a natural Gas pipeline network system is presented, and its feasibility is confirmed with a case study. In the case study, the impact of market demand uncertainty on Gas Supply reliability is investigated in detail.
Kai Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on Natural Gas Supply Reliability
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2021Co-Authors: Zihui Han, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shuang Shi, Jing GongAbstract:In this study, we have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on natural Gas Supply reliability Natural Gas Supply reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy the market demand and is determined by both Supply-side and demand-side policy To evaluate the Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system, we have applied the method of Gas Supply capacity calculation based on the results of the previous Gas Supply reliability studies The method combines the unsteady flow hydraulic analysis, simulation of the state transition process, and the forecasting analysis of the demand and consumption The analysis presents a case study based on the Gas pipeline system in China The analysis results indicate that the COVID-19 consequences will cause a decrease in Gas Supply reliability © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
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Gas Supply reliability analysis of a natural Gas pipeline system considering the effects of underground Gas storages
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Gong, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shangfei Song, Jie Zhang, Bingyuan Hong, Ye Zhang, Xu DuanAbstract:Abstract Underground Gas storage plays a significant role in ensuring Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas pipeline systems. However, the specific hydraulic characteristics of the underground Gas storage and the uncertainties in its Gas injection/production capacity are generally overlooked when evaluating the Gas Supply reliability. Therefore, an integrated methodology to assess Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system is developed in this study, and three aspects of uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline system are both considered. Based on system’s Gas Supply strategy, the amounts of Gas supplied by the transmission pipeline system and required by the consumers are calculated firstly. The underground Gas storage is then employed to regulate the Supply-demand imbalance between the transmission pipeline system and market demand by performing its Gas injection/production function. Moreover, the operational reliability of the underground Gas storage is evaluated to determine whether it is able to complete the specified Gas injection/production task. Then, the total daily amount of Gas supplied to the consumers, is obtained, and two indicators proposed to quantify the Gas Supply reliability are then calculated. Finally, the expected Gas Supply reliability is assessed based on a large number of Monte Carlo trials. Moreover, the methodology is applied to a simplified Gas pipeline system to confirm its feasibility, and system’s ability to satisfy the consumers demand is evaluated, and the weakest consumer node is identified. Furthermore, the Gas Supply reliability is overestimated without considering the uncertainties in the underground Gas storage’s Gas injection/production capacity.
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Gas Supply reliability assessment of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems
Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Shangfei Song, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Yuan Min, Jing GongAbstract:Abstract The uncertainty of market demand and dynamic behaviour of the pipeline system are usually ignored in previous Gas Supply reliability assessments. With the intent of overcoming these deficiencies, a novel methodology to assess the Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems is proposed in this paper. Considering both Gas Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties, calculations of these two items are integrated into a single Monte Carlo simulation. On each Monte Carlo trial, the hydraulic analysis of unsteady flow is combined with the state transition process simulation to calculate the Gas Supply capacity. In terms of market demand, the load duration curve technology is employed to predict the amount of demand. Then, the indicator proposed to quantify Gas Supply reliability is calculated on each trial. Finally, the average Gas Supply reliability is obtained based on N Monte Carlo trials. Applications of this methodology are demonstrated through a real transmission pipeline system. Thereafter, the method is compared with previous approaches and differences are discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties on the Gas Supply reliability are investigated and suggestions to improve the Gas Supply reliability are proposed.
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A Methodology to Assess the Gas Supply Capacity and Gas Supply Reliability of a Natural Gas Pipeline Network System
Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management Design Construction and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliabili, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Jing GongAbstract:Natural Gas pipeline network system is a critical infrastructure connecting Gas resource and market, which is composed with the transmission pipeline system, underground Gas storage (UGS) and liquefied natural Gas (LNG) terminal demand. A methodology to assess the Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability of a natural Gas pipeline network system is developed in this paper. Due to random failure and maintenance action of the components in the pipeline network system, the system can be in a number of operating states. The methodology is able to simulate the state transition process and the duration of each operating state based on a Monte Carlo approach. After the system transits to other states, the actual flow rate will change accordingly. The hydraulic analysis, which includes thermal-hydraulic simulation and maximum flow algorithm, is applied to analyze the change law of the actual flow rate. By combining the hydraulic analysis into the simulation of the state transition process, Gas Supply capacity of the pipeline network system is quantified. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of market demand, the load duration curve (LDC) method is employed to predict the amount of demand for each consumer node. The Gas Supply reliability is then calculated by comparing the Gas Supply capacity with market demand. Finally, a detailed procedure for Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability assessment of a natural Gas pipeline network system is presented, and its feasibility is confirmed with a case study. In the case study, the impact of market demand uncertainty on Gas Supply reliability is investigated in detail.
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a methodology to quantify the Gas Supply capacity of natural Gas transmission pipeline system using reliability theory
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Yuan Min, Jing GongAbstract:Abstract A methodology to quantify the Gas Supply capacity of a natural Gas transmission pipeline system is developed in this paper. The methodology is based on reliability theory and hydraulic analysis of unsteady flow. Considering the state transition process and change law of the flow rate, two reliability indicators, Gas Supply satisfaction (Sa) and Gas Supply supportability (Su), are proposed to quantify the Gas Supply capacity. The methodology is first able to simulate the state transition process and the duration of each operating state based on Monte Carlo approach, and then the hydraulic analysis of unsteady flow after the system transits to others states is applied to analyze the change law of the actual flow rate through the commercial software SPS (Stoner Pipeline Simulator). By combining the hydraulic analysis into the simulation of state transition process, the two reliability indicators are calculated. A detailed procedure for Gas Supply capacity evaluation of a natural Gas transmission pipeline system is presented, and its feasibility is confirmed with two case studies including a hypothesis and a real transmission pipeline system. Furthermore, impacts of the line pack, availability of the components and the number of stand-by units on the Gas Supply capacity are investigated.
Jan Bekkering - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The challenge of implementing green Gas into the Gas Supply
2014Co-Authors: Jan BekkeringAbstract:In order to gain a more mature share in the future energy Supply, green Gas Supply chains face some interesting challenges. The thesis addresses the question how future green Gas systems may look like. Green Gas Supply chains, based on co-digestion of cow manure and maize, have been studied. The produced bioGas is upgraded to natural Gas quality and injected into the existing distribution Gas grid and thus replacing natural Gas. A practical way of calculating the cost price of green Gas was developed, taking scale and sustainability criteria into account. The way such Supply chains can deal with season dependent Gas demand was also investigated. Results show that, to meet such a Gas demand by a green Gas Supply chain, flexible bioGas production is the most promising from a cost price point of view. This research was further expanded into a geographical model to simulate several degrees of natural Gas replacement by green Gas. Finally, ways to optimize green Gas Supply chains in terms of energy efficiency and greenhouse Gas reduction were explored. It was shown that with the current technology greenhouse Gas reductions of more than 80 % are possible. Multiple improvement options will have to be implemented in green Gas Supply chains, in order to meet the sustainability targets set by the EU. Overall it can be concluded that the used modeling approach gives opportunities to investigate variations in green Gas Supply chains in a practical way. Future research may comprise flexible bioGas production and a useful application of digestate. An extension of this research may be the further exploration of possible bioGas production locations, together with governments, farmers and other stakeholders. Optimal use of arable land and waste streams are part of this.
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Balancing Gas Supply and demand with a sustainable Gas Supply chain – A study based on field data
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Antonius Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van Gemert, Evert Jan HengeveldAbstract:The possibilities of balancing Gas Supply and demand with a green Gas Supply chain were analyzed. The considered Supply chain is based on co-digestion of cow manure and maize, the produced bioGas is upgraded to (Dutch) natural Gas standards. The applicability of modeling yearly Gas demand data in a geographical region by Fourier analysis was investigated. For a sine shape Gas demand, three scenarios were further investigated: varying bioGas production in time, adding Gas storage to a Supply chain, and adding a second digester to the Supply chain which is assumed to be switched off during the summer months. A regional Gas demand modeled by a sine function is reasonable for household type of users as well as for business areas, or a mixture of those. Of the considered scenarios, Gas storage is by far the most expensive. When Gas demand has to be met by a green Gas Supply chain, flexible bioGas production is an interesting option. Further research in this direction might open interesting pathways to sustainable Gas Supply chains.
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Operational modeling of a sustainable Gas Supply chain
Engineering in Life Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Ton A. Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van GemertAbstract:BioGas production from codigestion of cattle manure and biomass can have a significant contribution to a sustainable Gas Supply when this Gas is upgraded to specifications prescribed for injection into the national Gas grid and injected into this grid. In this study, we analyzed such a Gas Supply chain in a Dutch situation. A model was developed with which the cost price per m(n)(3) was presented as a function of scale level (m(n)(3)/hr). The hypothesis that transport costs increase with increasing scale level was confirmed although this is not the main factor influencing the cost price for the considered production scales. For farm-scale Gas Supply chains (approximately 150-250 m(n)(3)/h green Gas), a significant improvement is expected from decreasing costs of digesters and upgrading installations, and efficiency improvement of digesters. In this study also practical sustainability criteria for such a Supply chain were investigated. For this reason, the digestate from the digester should be used as a fertilizer. For larger scale levels, the number of transport movements and energy use in the Supply chain seem to become a limiting factor with respect to sustainability.
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optimisation of a green Gas Supply chain a review
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Jan Bekkering, Antonius Broekhuis, W.j.t. Van GemertAbstract:In this review the knowledge status of and future research options on a green Gas Supply based on bioGas production by co-digestion is explored. Applications and developments of the (bio)Gas Supply in The Netherlands have been considered, whereafter literature research has been done into the several stages from production of dairy cattle manure and biomass to green Gas injection into the Gas grid. An overview of a green Gas Supply chain has not been made before. In this study it is concluded that on installation level (micro-level) much practical knowledge is available and on macro-level knowledge about availability of biomass. But on meso-level (operations level of a green Gas Supply) very little research has been done until now. Future research should include the modeling of a green Gas Supply chain on an operations level, i.e. questions must be answered as where to build digesters based on availability of biomass. Such a model should also advise on technology of upgrading depending on scale factors. Future research might also give insight in the usability of mixing (partly upgraded) bioGas with natural Gas. The preconditions for mixing would depend on composition of the Gas, the ratio of Gases to be mixed and the requirements on the mixture.
Weihe Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Systematic Methodology to Assess Hydraulic Reliability and Gas Supply Reliability of the Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Jing Gong, Weihe Huang, Hongfei Liu, Fuhua Dang, Jili Luo, Yuanhang SunAbstract:Abstract Reliability of the natural Gas pipeline network is related to security of Gas Supply directly. According to the different required functions of the natural Gas pipeline network, its reliability is divided into three aspects, namely mechanical reliability, hydraulic reliability, and Gas Supply reliability. However, most of the previous studies confused the definitions of the hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability. Moreover, the uncertainty in the process of Supplying natural Gas to the targeted market and the hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline network are often ignored. Therefore, a methodology to assess hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline network is developed in the study, and the uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline network are both considered. The methodology consists of four parts: establishment of the indicator system, calculation of the Gas Supply, prediction of the market demand, and assessment of the hydraulic reliability and Gas Supply reliability. Moreover, a case study is applied to confirm the feasibility of the methodology, and the reliability evaluation results provide a comprehensive picture about the abilities of the natural Gas pipeline network to perform the specified Gas Supply function and satisfy consumers' demand, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison between these two types of reliability is presented. The results indicate that the natural Gas pipeline network may not be able to meet the market demand even if the system completes the required Gas Supply tasks due to the impact of the market demand uncertainty.
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Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on Natural Gas Supply Reliability
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2021Co-Authors: Zihui Han, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shuang Shi, Jing GongAbstract:In this study, we have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on natural Gas Supply reliability Natural Gas Supply reliability is defined as the ability to satisfy the market demand and is determined by both Supply-side and demand-side policy To evaluate the Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system, we have applied the method of Gas Supply capacity calculation based on the results of the previous Gas Supply reliability studies The method combines the unsteady flow hydraulic analysis, simulation of the state transition process, and the forecasting analysis of the demand and consumption The analysis presents a case study based on the Gas pipeline system in China The analysis results indicate that the COVID-19 consequences will cause a decrease in Gas Supply reliability © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
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Gas Supply reliability analysis of a natural Gas pipeline system considering the effects of underground Gas storages
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Gong, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Shangfei Song, Jie Zhang, Bingyuan Hong, Ye Zhang, Xu DuanAbstract:Abstract Underground Gas storage plays a significant role in ensuring Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas pipeline systems. However, the specific hydraulic characteristics of the underground Gas storage and the uncertainties in its Gas injection/production capacity are generally overlooked when evaluating the Gas Supply reliability. Therefore, an integrated methodology to assess Gas Supply reliability of the natural Gas pipeline system is developed in this study, and three aspects of uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural Gas pipeline system are both considered. Based on system’s Gas Supply strategy, the amounts of Gas supplied by the transmission pipeline system and required by the consumers are calculated firstly. The underground Gas storage is then employed to regulate the Supply-demand imbalance between the transmission pipeline system and market demand by performing its Gas injection/production function. Moreover, the operational reliability of the underground Gas storage is evaluated to determine whether it is able to complete the specified Gas injection/production task. Then, the total daily amount of Gas supplied to the consumers, is obtained, and two indicators proposed to quantify the Gas Supply reliability are then calculated. Finally, the expected Gas Supply reliability is assessed based on a large number of Monte Carlo trials. Moreover, the methodology is applied to a simplified Gas pipeline system to confirm its feasibility, and system’s ability to satisfy the consumers demand is evaluated, and the weakest consumer node is identified. Furthermore, the Gas Supply reliability is overestimated without considering the uncertainties in the underground Gas storage’s Gas injection/production capacity.
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Gas Supply reliability assessment of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems
Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Shangfei Song, Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Yuan Min, Jing GongAbstract:Abstract The uncertainty of market demand and dynamic behaviour of the pipeline system are usually ignored in previous Gas Supply reliability assessments. With the intent of overcoming these deficiencies, a novel methodology to assess the Gas Supply reliability of natural Gas transmission pipeline systems is proposed in this paper. Considering both Gas Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties, calculations of these two items are integrated into a single Monte Carlo simulation. On each Monte Carlo trial, the hydraulic analysis of unsteady flow is combined with the state transition process simulation to calculate the Gas Supply capacity. In terms of market demand, the load duration curve technology is employed to predict the amount of demand. Then, the indicator proposed to quantify Gas Supply reliability is calculated on each trial. Finally, the average Gas Supply reliability is obtained based on N Monte Carlo trials. Applications of this methodology are demonstrated through a real transmission pipeline system. Thereafter, the method is compared with previous approaches and differences are discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of Supply capacity and market demand uncertainties on the Gas Supply reliability are investigated and suggestions to improve the Gas Supply reliability are proposed.
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A Methodology to Assess the Gas Supply Capacity and Gas Supply Reliability of a Natural Gas Pipeline Network System
Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management Design Construction and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliabili, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Wen, Weihe Huang, Jing GongAbstract:Natural Gas pipeline network system is a critical infrastructure connecting Gas resource and market, which is composed with the transmission pipeline system, underground Gas storage (UGS) and liquefied natural Gas (LNG) terminal demand. A methodology to assess the Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability of a natural Gas pipeline network system is developed in this paper. Due to random failure and maintenance action of the components in the pipeline network system, the system can be in a number of operating states. The methodology is able to simulate the state transition process and the duration of each operating state based on a Monte Carlo approach. After the system transits to other states, the actual flow rate will change accordingly. The hydraulic analysis, which includes thermal-hydraulic simulation and maximum flow algorithm, is applied to analyze the change law of the actual flow rate. By combining the hydraulic analysis into the simulation of the state transition process, Gas Supply capacity of the pipeline network system is quantified. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of market demand, the load duration curve (LDC) method is employed to predict the amount of demand for each consumer node. The Gas Supply reliability is then calculated by comparing the Gas Supply capacity with market demand. Finally, a detailed procedure for Gas Supply capacity and Gas Supply reliability assessment of a natural Gas pipeline network system is presented, and its feasibility is confirmed with a case study. In the case study, the impact of market demand uncertainty on Gas Supply reliability is investigated in detail.
