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Jack R Snyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of continuous infusion of lidocaine on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in normal horses
Veterinary Surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Karen E Rusiecki, Jorge E Nieto, Sarah M Puchalski, Jack R SnyderAbstract:Objective— To determine the effect of continuous infusion of lidocaine on fecal transit time in normal horses. Study Design— Experimental randomized cross-over study. Animals— Healthy horses (n=6). Methods— Barium-filled microspheres were administered to horses by nasogastric intubation and feces were collected every 2 hours for 4 days. A bolus of 2% lidocaine (1.3 mg/kg) was administered randomly, followed by a continuous infusion of lidocaine (0.05 mg/kg/min) for 3 days or an equivalent volume of saline. The washout period was 10 days. Variables assessed included defecation frequency, weight of feces produced, intestinal transit time (number of microspheres observed on radiographs), fecal moisture content, borborygmus score, heart and respiratory rate, and signs of lidocaine toxicity (e.g., ataxia, CNS depression). Results— During the first 24 hours of lidocaine administration, mean (±SD) fecal output (10.8±6.9 kg) was decreased compared with controls (15±4.9 kg). Mean (±SEM) time for passing 50% of the barium-filled microspheres was shorter in controls (42±1.13 hours) compared with the lidocaine group (50±1.32 hours). Conclusions— Continuous infusion of lidocaine increases the transit time of feces in normal horses. Clinical Relevance— Clinicians need to be aware of the effects of using a continuous infusion of lidocaine on the transit time of feces in normal horses, with a potential for exacerbating those effects when combined with drugs that decrease motility and in horses with medical colic (e.g., impaction) or where a diagnosis has not been made.
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evaluation of the effects of the opioid agonist morphine on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in horses
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Pedro Boscan, Linda M Van Hoogmoed, Thomas B Farver, Jack R SnyderAbstract:Objective—To evaluate the effects of morphine administration for 6 days on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in healthy adult horses. Animals—5 horses. Procedures—Horses were randomly allocated into 2 groups in a crossover study. Horses in the treatment group received morphine sulfate at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours for 6 days. Horses in the control group received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution at a dosage of 10 mL, IV, every 12 hours for 6 days. Variables assessed included defecation frequency, weight of feces produced, intestinal transit time (evaluated by use of barium-filled spheres and radiographic detection in feces), fecal moisture content, borborygmus score, and signs of CNS excitement and colic. Results—Administration of morphine resulted in Gastrointestinal Tract dysFunction for 6 hours after each injection. During those 6 hours, mean ± SD defecation frequency decreased from 3.1 ± 1 bowel movements in control horses to 0.9 ± 0.5 bowel movements in treated horses, weight of feces decrease...
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pharmacokinetics of the opioid antagonist n methylnaltrexone and evaluation of its effects on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in horses treated or not treated with morphine
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Pedro Boscan, Linda M Van Hoogmoed, Thomas B Farver, Bruno H Pypendop, Jack R SnyderAbstract:Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics and effects of the morphine antagonist N-methylnaltrexone (MNTX) on Gastrointestinal Tract Function in horses when administered alone and in combination with morphine. Animals—5 healthy adult horses. Procedures—Horses were treated with MNTX (1 mg/kg, IV), and serial blood samples were collected for determination of drug pharmacokinetics. For evaluation of effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract when administered alone, MNTX was administered at a dosage of 0.75 mg/kg, IV, twice daily for 4 days. For evaluation of effects when administered concurrently with morphine, MNTX (0.75 mg/kg, IV, q 12 hours) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg, IV, q 12 hours) were administered for 6 days. Gastrointestinal variables evaluated were defecation frequency, weight of feces produced, fecal moisture content, intestinal transit time, and borborygmus scores. Results—The time-concentration data for MNTX disposition best fit a 2-compartment model with a steady-state volume of distribution of 244....
Michael Camilleri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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opiates in the control of Gastrointestinal Tract Function current knowledge and new avenues for research
Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2004Co-Authors: Gareth A Hicks, D L Dehavenhudkins, Michael CamilleriAbstract:The state of the art of current understanding of the role of opioid receptors in the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract is contained in the preceding papers in this supplement. Our aim was to build the foundation for a greater understanding of opioids and their receptors in the GI Tract and how opiate analgesics produce marked stasis of the bowel, and thus self-limit their utility in clinical practice. Given the effects of opiates on peripheral (somatic) sensation, a second goal was to consider the potential for modulation of sensations emanating from the bowel. As with most collections of reviews of this type, the focus has been upon what is currently known from published literature of studies in animals or animal tissue. Novel data presented here, however, add further to our understanding of this important system. We have compiled a package of information encompassing molecular and anatomical studies to in vivo physiology and behaviour, with the goal of understanding the effects of exogenous and endogenous opioids on GI Function in humans. Much work has been directed toward investigating the role of opioids in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the key neuronal control centre for GI motility and secretion. The ENS was also the site at which some of the initial characterizations of opioid receptor pharmacology and physiology were conducted. 1–4 However, the collection of papers here also reviews the role of opioid receptors on extrinsic afferent nerves conveying information to the brain, interstitial cells of Cajal, endocrine and inflammatory cells, and other sites. These elements have been implicated in the overall
Kow Lilian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Upper Gastrointestinal Function in Morbidly Obese Adolescents before and Six Months after Gastric Banding
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Singendonk, Maartje M J, Page A. J., Frisby C. L., Kritas Stamatiki, Omari Taher, Feinle-bisset Christine, Kentish Stephen, Ferris Lara, Mccall, Lisa M, Kow LilianAbstract:“This is a pre-print of an article published in Obesity Surgery. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-3000-3”. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (Nov 2017) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyBackground The effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement on upper Gastrointestinal Tract Function in obese adolescents are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the short-term effects of LAGB on esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, appetite-regulatory hormones, and perceptions of post-prandial hunger and fullness. Methods This study was part of a prospective cohort study (March 2009–December 2015) in one tertiary referral hospital. The study included obese adolescents (14–18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 (or ≥ 35 with comorbidities). Gastric emptying was assessed by 13C-octanoic acid breath test, pharyngeal, and esophageal motor Function by high-resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM), and appetite and other perceptions using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dysphagia symptoms were scored using a Dakkak questionnaire. Data were compared pre- and post-LAGB placement and at a 6-month follow-up. Results Based upon analysis of 15 adolescents, at the 6-month follow-up, LAGB placement: (i) led to a significant reduction in weight and BMI; (ii) increased fullness and decreased hunger post-meal; (iii) increased symptoms of dysphagia after solid food; and, despite these effects, (iv) caused little or no changes to appetite hormones, while (v) effects on gastric emptying, esophageal motility, esophageal bolus transport, and esophageal emptying were not significant. Conclusion In adolescents, LAGB improved BMI and altered the sensitivity to nutrients without significant effects on upper Gastrointestinal Tract physiology at the 6-month follow-up
Frisby C. L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Upper Gastrointestinal Function in Morbidly Obese Adolescents Before and 6 Months After Gastric Banding
2018Co-Authors: Singendonk M., Kritas S., Omari T., Feinle-bisset C., Page A. J., Frisby C. L., Kentish S. J., Ferris L., Mccall L., Kow L.Abstract:The effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement on upper Gastrointestinal Tract Function in obese adolescents are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the short-term effects of LAGB on esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, appetite-regulatory hormones, and perceptions of post-prandial hunger and fullness. This study was part of a prospective cohort study (March 2009-December 2015) in one tertiary referral hospital. The study included obese adolescents (14-18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 (or ≥ 35 with comorbidities). Gastric emptying was assessed by (13)C-octanoic acid breath test, pharyngeal, and esophageal motor Function by high-resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM), and appetite and other perceptions using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dysphagia symptoms were scored using a Dakkak questionnaire. Data were compared pre- and post-LAGB placement and at a 6-month follow-up. Based upon analysis of 15 adolescents, at the 6-month follow-up, LAGB placement: (i) led to a significant reduction in weight and BMI; (ii) increased fullness and decreased hunger post-meal; (iii) increased symptoms of dysphagia after solid food; and, despite these effects, (iv) caused little or no changes to appetite hormones, while (v) effects on gastric emptying, esophageal motility, esophageal bolus transport, and esophageal emptying were not significant. In adolescents, LAGB improved BMI and altered the sensitivity to nutrients without significant effects on upper Gastrointestinal Tract physiology at the 6-month follow-u
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Upper Gastrointestinal Function in Morbidly Obese Adolescents before and Six Months after Gastric Banding
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Singendonk, Maartje M J, Page A. J., Frisby C. L., Kritas Stamatiki, Omari Taher, Feinle-bisset Christine, Kentish Stephen, Ferris Lara, Mccall, Lisa M, Kow LilianAbstract:“This is a pre-print of an article published in Obesity Surgery. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-3000-3”. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (Nov 2017) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyBackground The effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement on upper Gastrointestinal Tract Function in obese adolescents are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the short-term effects of LAGB on esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, appetite-regulatory hormones, and perceptions of post-prandial hunger and fullness. Methods This study was part of a prospective cohort study (March 2009–December 2015) in one tertiary referral hospital. The study included obese adolescents (14–18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 (or ≥ 35 with comorbidities). Gastric emptying was assessed by 13C-octanoic acid breath test, pharyngeal, and esophageal motor Function by high-resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM), and appetite and other perceptions using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dysphagia symptoms were scored using a Dakkak questionnaire. Data were compared pre- and post-LAGB placement and at a 6-month follow-up. Results Based upon analysis of 15 adolescents, at the 6-month follow-up, LAGB placement: (i) led to a significant reduction in weight and BMI; (ii) increased fullness and decreased hunger post-meal; (iii) increased symptoms of dysphagia after solid food; and, despite these effects, (iv) caused little or no changes to appetite hormones, while (v) effects on gastric emptying, esophageal motility, esophageal bolus transport, and esophageal emptying were not significant. Conclusion In adolescents, LAGB improved BMI and altered the sensitivity to nutrients without significant effects on upper Gastrointestinal Tract physiology at the 6-month follow-up
Page A. J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Upper Gastrointestinal Function in Morbidly Obese Adolescents Before and 6 Months After Gastric Banding
2018Co-Authors: Singendonk M., Kritas S., Omari T., Feinle-bisset C., Page A. J., Frisby C. L., Kentish S. J., Ferris L., Mccall L., Kow L.Abstract:The effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement on upper Gastrointestinal Tract Function in obese adolescents are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the short-term effects of LAGB on esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, appetite-regulatory hormones, and perceptions of post-prandial hunger and fullness. This study was part of a prospective cohort study (March 2009-December 2015) in one tertiary referral hospital. The study included obese adolescents (14-18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 (or ≥ 35 with comorbidities). Gastric emptying was assessed by (13)C-octanoic acid breath test, pharyngeal, and esophageal motor Function by high-resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM), and appetite and other perceptions using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dysphagia symptoms were scored using a Dakkak questionnaire. Data were compared pre- and post-LAGB placement and at a 6-month follow-up. Based upon analysis of 15 adolescents, at the 6-month follow-up, LAGB placement: (i) led to a significant reduction in weight and BMI; (ii) increased fullness and decreased hunger post-meal; (iii) increased symptoms of dysphagia after solid food; and, despite these effects, (iv) caused little or no changes to appetite hormones, while (v) effects on gastric emptying, esophageal motility, esophageal bolus transport, and esophageal emptying were not significant. In adolescents, LAGB improved BMI and altered the sensitivity to nutrients without significant effects on upper Gastrointestinal Tract physiology at the 6-month follow-u
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Upper Gastrointestinal Function in Morbidly Obese Adolescents before and Six Months after Gastric Banding
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Singendonk, Maartje M J, Page A. J., Frisby C. L., Kritas Stamatiki, Omari Taher, Feinle-bisset Christine, Kentish Stephen, Ferris Lara, Mccall, Lisa M, Kow LilianAbstract:“This is a pre-print of an article published in Obesity Surgery. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-3000-3”. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (Nov 2017) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyBackground The effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement on upper Gastrointestinal Tract Function in obese adolescents are unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the short-term effects of LAGB on esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, appetite-regulatory hormones, and perceptions of post-prandial hunger and fullness. Methods This study was part of a prospective cohort study (March 2009–December 2015) in one tertiary referral hospital. The study included obese adolescents (14–18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 (or ≥ 35 with comorbidities). Gastric emptying was assessed by 13C-octanoic acid breath test, pharyngeal, and esophageal motor Function by high-resolution manometry with impedance (HRIM), and appetite and other perceptions using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Dysphagia symptoms were scored using a Dakkak questionnaire. Data were compared pre- and post-LAGB placement and at a 6-month follow-up. Results Based upon analysis of 15 adolescents, at the 6-month follow-up, LAGB placement: (i) led to a significant reduction in weight and BMI; (ii) increased fullness and decreased hunger post-meal; (iii) increased symptoms of dysphagia after solid food; and, despite these effects, (iv) caused little or no changes to appetite hormones, while (v) effects on gastric emptying, esophageal motility, esophageal bolus transport, and esophageal emptying were not significant. Conclusion In adolescents, LAGB improved BMI and altered the sensitivity to nutrients without significant effects on upper Gastrointestinal Tract physiology at the 6-month follow-up
