The Experts below are selected from a list of 21363 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Isabella Giammusso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘You play like a Woman!’ Effects of Gender Stereotype threat on Women's performance in physical and sport activities: A meta-analysis
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2018Co-Authors: Ambra Gentile, Stefano Boca, Isabella GiammussoAbstract:Abstract Objectives The purpose of this quantitative review was to provide an estimation of the effect of Stereotype threat on women's performance in sport. Design This review employed a meta-analytic technique. Method a meta-analysis with random effects model was performed on 24 effects. Publication bias was tested through funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results Findings show a symmetric distribution of effects, making it possible to conclude that no file-drawer problem affected the collected sample of effects. Aggregating the results of the reviewed studies, a medium effect of Stereotype threat manipulation on women's sport performances emerged (d = 0.33). Collected studies were coded for stereotypicality of threatened exercise. The effect of Stereotype threat was significantly higher for sports activities perceived as masculine. Conclusions This meta-analysis reveals that Gender Stereotype affects the sport activities of women and that this is particularly true for sports typically considered suited to males.
Taiwo Abigail Olubola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Gender and Psychosocial Factors on Perceived Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS Infection among Young and Middle Aged Adults in Benin City, Nigeria
Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2014Co-Authors: Taiwo Abigail OlubolaAbstract:Objective: Nigeria’s effort to curb the spiralling pandemic of HIV has yielded little result despite her reputation as the country with the second largest number of HIV infected persons in the world. Theories of preventive health behaviour posit that perceived vulnerability to health threats motivates self-protective behaviour. This study aimed to examine the predicting role of the psychosocial and Gender factors in the perception of vulnerability to HIV infection. Design: This survey study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Method: Participants were young and middle aged adult-volunteers (N= 302, male = 181, female = 121, mean age = 23.9 years) drawn from four local Governments in Benin City of Nigeria. Participants responded to a standardized self-reported questionnaire consisting demographics, ambivalent sexism, Gender Stereotype, sexual assertiveness, health locus of control, and perceived vulnerability scales. Data analyses include descriptive, Pearson moment correlation, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses. Result: Data showed that age, Gender Stereotype, hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, sexual assertiveness and health locus of control jointly accounted for 24.4% (p < 0.001) of the variance observed in the participants’ perception of their vulnerability to HIV infection. Independently, only Gender Stereotype and hostile sexism contributed significantly to the observed variance. Poor perception of vulnerability to HIV infection was significantly and positively related to hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, Gender Stereotype and higher external locus of control. Recommendation: Attitude change programmes should be more Gender sensitive and targeted to challenge sexist orientation, Gender Stereotypes and health belief system.
Ambra Gentile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘You play like a Woman!’ Effects of Gender Stereotype threat on Women's performance in physical and sport activities: A meta-analysis
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2018Co-Authors: Ambra Gentile, Stefano Boca, Isabella GiammussoAbstract:Abstract Objectives The purpose of this quantitative review was to provide an estimation of the effect of Stereotype threat on women's performance in sport. Design This review employed a meta-analytic technique. Method a meta-analysis with random effects model was performed on 24 effects. Publication bias was tested through funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results Findings show a symmetric distribution of effects, making it possible to conclude that no file-drawer problem affected the collected sample of effects. Aggregating the results of the reviewed studies, a medium effect of Stereotype threat manipulation on women's sport performances emerged (d = 0.33). Collected studies were coded for stereotypicality of threatened exercise. The effect of Stereotype threat was significantly higher for sports activities perceived as masculine. Conclusions This meta-analysis reveals that Gender Stereotype affects the sport activities of women and that this is particularly true for sports typically considered suited to males.
Laura J Kray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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not competent enough to know the difference Gender Stereotypes about women s ease of being misled predict negotiator deception
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Laura J Kray, Jessica A Kennedy, Alex B Van ZantAbstract:We examined whether Gender differences in the perceived ease of being misled predict the likelihood of being deceived in distributive negotiations. Study 1 (N = 131) confirmed that female negotiators are perceived as more easily misled than male negotiators. This perception corresponded with perceptions of women’s relatively low competence. Study 2 (N = 328) manipulated negotiator competence (along with warmth and Gender) and found that being perceived as easily misled affected expectations about the negotiating process, including less effective deception scrutiny among easily misled negotiators and lower ethical standards among negotiating counterparts. This pattern held true for women and men alike. Study 3 (N = 298) examined whether patterns of deception in face-to-face negotiations were consistent with this Gender Stereotype. As expected, negotiators deceived women more so than men, thus leading women into more deals under false pretenses than men.
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not competent enough to know the difference Gender Stereotypes about women s ease of being misled predict negotiator deception
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2014Co-Authors: Laura J Kray, Jessica A Kennedy, Alex B Van ZantAbstract:We examined whether Gender differences in the perceived ease of being misled predict the likelihood of being deceived in distributive negotiations. Study 1 (N = 131) confirmed that female negotiators are perceived as more easily misled than male negotiators. This perception corresponded with perceptions of women’s relatively low competence. Study 2 (N = 328) manipulated negotiator Gender, competence and warmth and found that being perceived as easily misled via low competence affected expectations about the negotiating process, including less deception scrutiny among easily misled negotiators and lower ethical standards among their negotiating counterparts. This pattern held true regardless of buyer and seller Gender. Study 3 (N = 298) examined whether patterns of deception in face-to-face negotiations were consistent with this Gender Stereotype. As expected, negotiators deceived women more so than men, thus leading women into more deals under false pretenses than men.
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in the words of larry summers Gender Stereotype endorsement and implicit negotiation beliefs in mixed Gender negotiations
Social Science Research Network, 2007Co-Authors: Laura J Kray, Connson C Locke, Michael P HaselhuhnAbstract:We present two experiments that explore how endorsing the belief that innate ability differences apply to men and women affects performance in mixed-motive negotiations. In contrast to Stereotype lift (Walton & Cohen, 2003), which predicts a benefit for positively Stereotyped negotiators, we demonstrate in Experiment 1 that Gender Stereotype endorsement impairs performance for positively Stereotyped negotiators relative to negatively Stereotyped negotiators, and decreases joint performance by causing both negotiators to overlook commonalities. In Experiment 2, we explore whether reactions to Stereotype endorsement are moderated by negotiators' implicit beliefs about the malleability of performance. We demonstrate that Stereotype reactance by the negatively Stereotyped negotiator is promoted by a belief that negotiating ability is malleable, whereas a belief that negotiating ability is fixed renders negotiators immune to the endorsement of Gender Stereotypes.
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Gender Stereotypes and negotiation performance an examination of theory and research
Research in Organizational Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Laura J Kray, Leigh ThompsonAbstract:Abstract Whether Gender differences exist at the negotiation table is a timeless question. To address this question, we identify five major theoretical perspectives attempting to account for Gender differences at the bargaining table. We distinguish these theoretical perspectives on the basis of the origin of Gender differences and the research questions they address. A common thread that runs through each perspective is the Gender Stereotype, which presumes masculine skills are more valuable at the bargaining table than feminine skills. We then consider the empirical support for this basic assumption as approached by each theoretical perspective. Our review includes the two dominant bargaining paradigms identified by Nash (1950) – cooperative and non-cooperative (e.g. prisoner’s dilemmas) negotiations – and non-interactive and group-level tasks. We then look forward by identifying a research agenda on this timely question for the new millennium.
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Gender Stereotype Activation and Power in Mixed-Gender Negotiations
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Laura J Kray, Jochen Reb, Adam D. Galinsky, Leigh ThompsonAbstract:We hypothesized that the distribution of resources in a mixed-Gender negotiation would depend on the relative power advantage of men versus women, as well as the manner in which Gender Stereotypes were activated in the minds of negotiators. More specifically, we expected negotiators who had a strong alternative to the current negotiation (BATNA) to reap more resources than negotiators who had a weak alternative. We predicted that the effect of power (possessing a strong BATNA) would be especially important when Gender Stereotypes were explicitly activated compared to when they were implicitly activated because the explicit activation of Gender Stereotypes was expected to marshal cognitions that relate to power. To test these hypotheses, we conducted an experiment in which we manipulated relative power (strong BATNA vs. weak BATNA) within the dyad and the manner in which Gender Stereotypes were activated (implicit vs. explicit). Results support our hypotheses. We also conducted mediation analyses to gain a better understanding of how the negotiation process is affected by power and Stereotypes.
Jennifer A Jewell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the sexualized girl a within Gender Stereotype among elementary school children
Child Development, 2015Co-Authors: Ellen A Stone, Christia Spears Brown, Jennifer A JewellAbstract:Two studies (conducted in 2013) examined whether elementary-aged children endorse a within-Gender Stereotype about sexualized girls. In Study 1, children (N = 208) ages 6–11 rated sexualized girls as more popular but less intelligent, athletic, and nice compared to nonsexualized girls. These distinctions were stronger for girls and older children, and in accordance with our developmental intergroup theoretical framework, were related to children's cognitive development and media exposure. Study 2 (N = 155) replicated the previous findings using more ecologically valid and realistic images of girls and further explored individual differences in the endorsement of the sexualized girl Stereotype. Additional results indicated that the belief that girls should be appearance focused predicted their endorsement of the sexualized girl Stereotype.