The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sophia Frangou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cross-cultural standardization of the South Texas Assessment of Neurocognition in India
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2012Co-Authors: S.a Cherkil, S.a Satish, S.s.a Mathew, N.a Dinesh, C.t.s.b Kumar, Lauren E Lombardo, D.c.c D Glahn, Sophia FrangouAbstract:Methods: One hundred healthy adults from Kerala, India, were administered six language independent subtests of the Java Neuropsychological Test (JANET) version of the STAN, assessing aspects of General Intellectual Ability (Matrix Reasoning), attention (Identical Pairs Continuous Performance, 3 Symbol Version Test; IPCPTS), working memory (Spatial Capacity Delayed Response Test; SCAP), response inhibition (Stop Signal Reaction Time; SSRT), Emotional Recognition and Risk taking (Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BART). Test results were compared to a demographically matched US sample. Results: Overall test performance in the Kerala sample was comparable to that of the US sample and commensurate to that Generally described in studies from western countries. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results support the metric equivalence of currently available cognitive test batteries developed in western countries for use in India. However, the sample was restricted to individuals who were literate and had completed basic primary and secondary education.
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the impact of General Intellectual Ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: I Forcada, Efstathios Papachristou, T Christodoulou, Jigar Jogia, Abraham Reichenberg, Eduard Vieta, Sophia FrangouAbstract:Background: There is substantial evidence that cognitive deficits and brain structural abnormalities are present in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and in their first-degree relatives. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between cognition and functional outcome in BD patients but have not examined the role of brain morphological changes. Similarly, the functional impact of either cognition or brain morphology in relatives remains unknown. Therefore we focused on delineating the relationship between psychosocial functioning, cognition and brain structure, in relation to disease expression and genetic risk for BD. Methods: Clinical, cognitive and brain structural measures were obtained from 41 euthymic BD patients and 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives. Psychosocial function was evaluated using the General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. We examined the relationship between level of functioning and General Intellectual Ability (IQ), memory, attention, executive functioning, symptomatology, illness course and total gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid volumes. Limitations: Cross-sectional design. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that IQ, total white matter volume and a predominantly depressive illness course were independently associated with functional outcome in BD patients, but not in their relatives, and accounted for a substantial proportion (53%) of the variance in patients' GAF scores. There were no significant domain-specific associations between cognition and outcome after consideration of IQ. Conclusions: Our results emphasise the role of IQ and white matter integrity in relation to outcome in BD and carry significant implications for treatment interventions. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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VulnerAbility indicators in bipolar disorder
Annals of General Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: T Christodoulou, Jigar Jogia, Morgan Haldane, Darren Roddy, Adrian Galea, Veena Kumari, Sophia FrangouAbstract:Materials and methods We recruited 75 unaffected relatives and 71 controls. 33 had lifetime (23 offspring and 10 siblings) diagnoses of major depressive disorder (n=21), anxiety disorders (n=4), substance abuse (n=11) and eating disorder (n=1). All participants underwent assessment of their General Intellectual Ability, memory, working memory, response inhibition and emotional learning (EL). Level of symptomatology was assessed using Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). We conducted two analyses; one with whole sample siblings and offspring and another including asymptomatic ones defined as scoring 24 on the BPRS.
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The treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia
Psychiatry MMC, 2005Co-Authors: Sophia FrangouAbstract:Abstract Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive deficits in attention, memory, executive function, motor control, language and General Intellectual Ability. Improving cognitive function is currently an important focus of the management of schizophrenia since deficits in this area contribute to poor clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Antipsychotics remain the mainstay of pharmacological intervention in schizophrenia. Their effects on cognition are therefore important although this is not the primary therapeutic target of these drugs. Treatment with antipsychotics results in modest-to-moderate improvement in most aspects of cognition, which may be greater with atypical than typical agents. Accumulating evidence on the role of dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, glutamatergic and cholinergic systems on cognition and on their dysfunction in schizophrenia have opened the way for evaluating compounds to enhance cognition via their actions on specific systems. Results to date are preliminary and insufficient and cannot support specific treatment recommendations. Cognitive rehabilitation techniques offering remedial treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia have also been developed and have been found to be a beneficial adjunct to treatment in stable patients with moderate deficits.
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mapping iq and gray matter density in healthy young people
NeuroImage, 2004Co-Authors: Sophia Frangou, Xavier Chitins, Steven C.r. WilliamsAbstract:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that significant changes in gray matter density occur during adolescence because of brain maturation. It has also been reported that gray matter volume correlates with measures of Intellectual Ability. This study examined whether the relationship between General Intellectual Ability (IQ) and gray matter morphometry reflects differential involvement of particular cytoarchitectonic areas. We found positive correlations between IQ and gray matter density in the orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum, and thalamus and negative correlations in the caudate nucleus. These findings suggest that General Intellectual Ability in healthy young people is related to specific brain regions known to be involved in the executive control of attention, working memory, and response selection.
I Forcada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of General Intellectual Ability and white matter volume on the functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: I Forcada, Efstathios Papachristou, T Christodoulou, Jigar Jogia, Abraham Reichenberg, Eduard Vieta, Sophia FrangouAbstract:Background: There is substantial evidence that cognitive deficits and brain structural abnormalities are present in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and in their first-degree relatives. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between cognition and functional outcome in BD patients but have not examined the role of brain morphological changes. Similarly, the functional impact of either cognition or brain morphology in relatives remains unknown. Therefore we focused on delineating the relationship between psychosocial functioning, cognition and brain structure, in relation to disease expression and genetic risk for BD. Methods: Clinical, cognitive and brain structural measures were obtained from 41 euthymic BD patients and 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives. Psychosocial function was evaluated using the General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. We examined the relationship between level of functioning and General Intellectual Ability (IQ), memory, attention, executive functioning, symptomatology, illness course and total gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid volumes. Limitations: Cross-sectional design. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that IQ, total white matter volume and a predominantly depressive illness course were independently associated with functional outcome in BD patients, but not in their relatives, and accounted for a substantial proportion (53%) of the variance in patients' GAF scores. There were no significant domain-specific associations between cognition and outcome after consideration of IQ. Conclusions: Our results emphasise the role of IQ and white matter integrity in relation to outcome in BD and carry significant implications for treatment interventions. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Marc Obonsawin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance on tests of frontal lobe function reflect General Intellectual Ability
Neuropsychologia, 2002Co-Authors: Marc Obonsawin, John R Crawford, J Page, P Chalmers, R H B CochraneAbstract:Recent studies have indicated that performance on tests of frontal lobe function are highly associated with General Intellectual Ability (g). Some authors have even claimed that the available evidence does not support a more specific account of frontal lobe function than to provide a General Intellectual function for the performance of goal directed tasks. We examined the relationship between performance on the WAIS-R (as a measure of g) and performance on standard tests of frontal lobe function in 123 healthy individuals. Our results demonstrate that in healthy individuals (i) performance on the most popular tests of frontal lobe function shares significant variance, and (ii) a large proportion of that shared variance is highly associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-Revised (WAIS-R), so that the tests are similar to the extent that they measure g. Performance on the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), however, is not related to g. The results support the claim that many tests of frontal lobe function measure primarily a non-specific Intellectual function but also indicate that some tests, like the MCST, may be assessing more specific cognitive operations.
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performance on the modified card sorting test by normal healthy individuals relationship to General Intellectual Ability and demographic variables
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Marc Obonsawin, John R Crawford, J Page, P Chalmers, P MarshAbstract:Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain normative data for the Modi®ed Card Sorting Test (MCST), and to examine the relationship between performance on this task, General Intellectual Ability and demographic variables. Design. A sample of 146 healthy individuals was tested with a demographic distribution (age, sex, socioeconomic class) similar to that of the British population. Methods. The MCST and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales ± Revised were administered to 146 people aged between 16 and 75 years. Results. Most people (56.6%) completed six categories, and many people made perseverative errors. Approximately 8% of the participants made over 50% perseverative errors.Performance on the MCST varied with age, years of education and General Intellectual Ability. Individuals with a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) below 100 showed much more variAbility in performance than individuals with an FSIQ over 100. Detailed percentile norms for the performance on diaerent indices of the test are presented. Conclusions. The performance of individuals on the MCST is more closely associated with General Intellectual Ability than with demographic variables.
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PASAT and Components of WAIS-R Performance: Convergent and Discriminant Validity
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1998Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Marc Obonsawin, K. M. AllanAbstract:The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) (Gronwall, 1977), a full length Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R) (Wechsler,1981), and the National Adult Reading Test (NART) (Nelson, 1982) were completed by a sample of 152 healthy participants. Principal components analysis revealed that PASAT's loading on General intelligence (g) was substantial (.72) and exceeded that of many WAIS-R subtests. Following rotation, PASAT loaded highly (.75) on the WAIS-R attention/concentration factor. Evaluation of nested confirmatory factor analytic models confirmed that, although PASAT is not independent of General Intellectual Ability, it still loaded significantly on attention/concentration (.44) when it was permitted to load simultaneously on g. Conventional normative data were provided for three age bands. In addition, regression equations were built to permit a quantitative comparison of individuals' obtained PASAT scores with their estimated premorbid PASAT scores (using NART and age as predictors...
Christina Liossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between General Intellectual Ability and performance on ecologically valid executive tests in a severe brain injury sample
Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2007Co-Authors: Rodger Ll Wood, Christina LiossiAbstract:Recent studies of brain injured and healthy individuals have provided empirical support for the theoretical proposition that executive function and General intelligence are closely associated by demonstrating that performance on tests of executive function is correlated with General Intellectual Ability (g). In the present investigation, the relationship between performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), as a measure of g, and performance on recently developed ecological tests of executive function [i.e., Hayling and Brixton, Zoo Map and Key Search sub-tests from the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) battery], was examined in a sample of 118 severely brain injured individuals. The results indicated that (a) performance on tests of executive function share significant variance, and (b) a proportion of that shared variance is associated with performance on the WAIS-III. Correlations between conventional measures of executive function (i.e. Trails B and Controlled Oral Word Association) and WAIS-III were of comparable magnitude to the correlations between new, ecologically valid executive tests and WAIS-III. The results provide some support to the notion that tests of executive function measure non-specific Intellectual functions, reminiscent of g.
John R Crawford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance on tests of frontal lobe function reflect General Intellectual Ability
Neuropsychologia, 2002Co-Authors: Marc Obonsawin, John R Crawford, J Page, P Chalmers, R H B CochraneAbstract:Recent studies have indicated that performance on tests of frontal lobe function are highly associated with General Intellectual Ability (g). Some authors have even claimed that the available evidence does not support a more specific account of frontal lobe function than to provide a General Intellectual function for the performance of goal directed tasks. We examined the relationship between performance on the WAIS-R (as a measure of g) and performance on standard tests of frontal lobe function in 123 healthy individuals. Our results demonstrate that in healthy individuals (i) performance on the most popular tests of frontal lobe function shares significant variance, and (ii) a large proportion of that shared variance is highly associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-Revised (WAIS-R), so that the tests are similar to the extent that they measure g. Performance on the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), however, is not related to g. The results support the claim that many tests of frontal lobe function measure primarily a non-specific Intellectual function but also indicate that some tests, like the MCST, may be assessing more specific cognitive operations.
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performance on the modified card sorting test by normal healthy individuals relationship to General Intellectual Ability and demographic variables
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Marc Obonsawin, John R Crawford, J Page, P Chalmers, P MarshAbstract:Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain normative data for the Modi®ed Card Sorting Test (MCST), and to examine the relationship between performance on this task, General Intellectual Ability and demographic variables. Design. A sample of 146 healthy individuals was tested with a demographic distribution (age, sex, socioeconomic class) similar to that of the British population. Methods. The MCST and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales ± Revised were administered to 146 people aged between 16 and 75 years. Results. Most people (56.6%) completed six categories, and many people made perseverative errors. Approximately 8% of the participants made over 50% perseverative errors.Performance on the MCST varied with age, years of education and General Intellectual Ability. Individuals with a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) below 100 showed much more variAbility in performance than individuals with an FSIQ over 100. Detailed percentile norms for the performance on diaerent indices of the test are presented. Conclusions. The performance of individuals on the MCST is more closely associated with General Intellectual Ability than with demographic variables.
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PASAT and Components of WAIS-R Performance: Convergent and Discriminant Validity
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1998Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Marc Obonsawin, K. M. AllanAbstract:The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) (Gronwall, 1977), a full length Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R) (Wechsler,1981), and the National Adult Reading Test (NART) (Nelson, 1982) were completed by a sample of 152 healthy participants. Principal components analysis revealed that PASAT's loading on General intelligence (g) was substantial (.72) and exceeded that of many WAIS-R subtests. Following rotation, PASAT loaded highly (.75) on the WAIS-R attention/concentration factor. Evaluation of nested confirmatory factor analytic models confirmed that, although PASAT is not independent of General Intellectual Ability, it still loaded significantly on attention/concentration (.44) when it was permitted to load simultaneously on g. Conventional normative data were provided for three age bands. In addition, regression equations were built to permit a quantitative comparison of individuals' obtained PASAT scores with their estimated premorbid PASAT scores (using NART and age as predictors...