The Experts below are selected from a list of 16206 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hiroshi Nakashima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2015Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1500 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2014Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1,000 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions.
Ron Zevenhoven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 3 influence of direct water injection and common rail
2009Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Pia Kilpinen, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:Abstract The influence of direct water injection (DWI) on emissions from a multivariable large-scale (6–18 cyl, ~ 1 MW/cyl) diesel engine is reported, using a combined injection valve and nozzle that allows for injection of water and fuel oil into the cylinder. This method allows for injecting a relatively large amount of water without derating the engine power and NOx emissions can be more than halved by DWI. Indeed DWI decreases combustion temperatures and NOx emissions, but it gives somewhat increased (yet not problematic) emissions of CO, HC, soot (smoke) and particulate matter (PM), depending on the water injection timing and degree of incomplete combustion. Common rail (CR) technology offers almost unlimited possibilities to control the fuel injection and to meet emission regulations. Different from a conventional injection system, the CR concept is based on the optimization of fuel pumping, injection timing, and injection rate. Optimum combustion is guaranteed by the CR engine map. For Generator Mode, CR resulted in clearly lower emissions of NOx, HC, CO and soot. Combining CR with DWI resulted in yet lower NOx (max. ca 50% reduction) and somewhat lower HC emissions but slightly higher CO and soot emissions.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 1 influence of engine operation Mode and turbocharger
2008Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Carljohan Fogelholm, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:Abstract The operation of four – stroke diesel engines in either propulsion or Generator Mode application has a strong influence on gaseous, smoke (soot) and particulates emissions. Tests were made with a supercharged after-cooled large-scale diesel engine (mean speed ∼ 500 rpm, power per cylinder ∼ 1 MW) burning mainly heavy fuel oil. Gaseous emissions (NOx, CO, HC) were measured according to the IMO technical code, smoke (soot) emissions were determined optically and particulate matter (PM) was measured using a gravimetric impactor for five size fractions. Impact on gaseous emissions, smoke (soot) and PM was found when analysing the effects of the engine operating Mode, fuel nozzle, start of injection (SOI), and load (speed). Results show that the exhaust emission was also highly dependent on the engine turbocharger system, especially the by-pass control, but was not affected by waste gate control. The gaseous and soot emissions were less for the Generator Mode in the total load region, decreasing with the load. PM emissions were found to decrease with the load for the propulsion Mode, while showing an increase with the load for the Generator Mode.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 2 influence of fuel type and operating Mode
2008Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Carljohan Fogelholm, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:This paper addresses gaseous emissions smoke (soot) and particulate matter in large-scale diesel engine exhaust. The test engine was a large-scale turbocharged, after-cooled mean speed (∼ 500 rpm) direct-injection diesel engine and the power per cylinder was about 1 MW. Emission measurements were carried out on burning heavy fuel (HFO) and light fuel (LFO) oils. The test Modes for the investigation were a propulsion Mode (marine application) and a Generator Mode (power plant application). Gaseous emissions were measured according to the IMO technical code, smoke (soot) emissions were determined optically and particulate matter (PM) was measured by gravimetric impactor designed for five size fractions. In comparison the emissions from HFO and LFO utilisations indicate slightly higher NO and CO emissions for HFO, while LFO gives clearly higher emissions of hydrocarbons (HC). Emissions of soot and CO appeared to correlate very well, being very high for both fuels throughout the propulsion Mode and low load, otherwise being similar for both Modes. PM emissions are more than three times higher with HFO than with LFO and appear to decrease with the load except for HFO during the Generator Mode where an increase of PM emissions with the load is seen. Some data on sampled particles is given.
Tatsuhiko Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2015Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1500 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2014Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1,000 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions.
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validation of the event Generator Mode in the phits code and its application
2007Co-Authors: Yosuke Iwamoto, Koji Niita, Tatsuhiko Sato, Yukio Sakamoto, Norihiro MatsudaAbstract:The "Event Generator Mode" has been introduced into the PHITS code in the treatment of low energy transport phenomena. In this Mode, the evaluated nuclear data for neutrons and a special evaporation Model are combined so as to trace all correlations of ejectiles keeping the energy and the momentum conservation in a collision. We have calculated the double differential cross section, the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section by the event Generator Mode of PHITS, and compared them with the evaluated nuclear data for the validation of the Mode in neutron-induced reactions under 30MeV. As results, all calculated results by the event Generator Mode reproduce the evaluated nuclear data well below 20MeV. As an application of this Mode, we indicate a new approach to the deposit energy distribution for the thermal neutron transport and the averaged quality factor for neutrons. The concept of the event Generator is rather popular with the Monte Carlo simulation code for high energy particles. In the event Generator Mode, the conservation law on the energy and the momentum is sustained in each event. Recently, the correlated quantities such as event-by-event distribution of deposit energy even in low energy fields are often required for microdosimetric estimations of irradiation effects in biol- ogy and semiconductors. For these requirements, the "Event Generator Mode" has been introduced into the PHITS code (1) in the transport of low energy neutrons. In this Mode, the evaluated nuclear data for neutrons and a special evaporation Model are combined so as to trace all correlations of ejectiles keeping the energy and the momentum conservation in a collision. This Mode enables us to calculate the correlated quantities mentioned above, and also to estimate the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section data without additional evaluated cross section libraries. In this work, we have calculated particle production cross sections, the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section by the event Generator Mode of PHITS, and compared them with the evaluated nuclear data for the validation of the Mode in neutron-induced reactions under 30MeV. As an ap- plication of this Mode, we will suggest a new approach to the deposit energy distribution for the thermal neutron transport and the averaged quality factor for radiation protection against low energy neutron exposure. 2 Method of calculations A brief flowchart of the Event Generator Mode is shown in figure 1. A detail is presented in the other paper of these proceedings (2). The evaluated neutron data of the total cross section, the channel cross section, i.e., capture, elastic and (n,n � ), (n,Nn) cross section are used for branching the
Arto Sarvi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 3 influence of direct water injection and common rail
2009Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Pia Kilpinen, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:Abstract The influence of direct water injection (DWI) on emissions from a multivariable large-scale (6–18 cyl, ~ 1 MW/cyl) diesel engine is reported, using a combined injection valve and nozzle that allows for injection of water and fuel oil into the cylinder. This method allows for injecting a relatively large amount of water without derating the engine power and NOx emissions can be more than halved by DWI. Indeed DWI decreases combustion temperatures and NOx emissions, but it gives somewhat increased (yet not problematic) emissions of CO, HC, soot (smoke) and particulate matter (PM), depending on the water injection timing and degree of incomplete combustion. Common rail (CR) technology offers almost unlimited possibilities to control the fuel injection and to meet emission regulations. Different from a conventional injection system, the CR concept is based on the optimization of fuel pumping, injection timing, and injection rate. Optimum combustion is guaranteed by the CR engine map. For Generator Mode, CR resulted in clearly lower emissions of NOx, HC, CO and soot. Combining CR with DWI resulted in yet lower NOx (max. ca 50% reduction) and somewhat lower HC emissions but slightly higher CO and soot emissions.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 1 influence of engine operation Mode and turbocharger
2008Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Carljohan Fogelholm, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:Abstract The operation of four – stroke diesel engines in either propulsion or Generator Mode application has a strong influence on gaseous, smoke (soot) and particulates emissions. Tests were made with a supercharged after-cooled large-scale diesel engine (mean speed ∼ 500 rpm, power per cylinder ∼ 1 MW) burning mainly heavy fuel oil. Gaseous emissions (NOx, CO, HC) were measured according to the IMO technical code, smoke (soot) emissions were determined optically and particulate matter (PM) was measured using a gravimetric impactor for five size fractions. Impact on gaseous emissions, smoke (soot) and PM was found when analysing the effects of the engine operating Mode, fuel nozzle, start of injection (SOI), and load (speed). Results show that the exhaust emission was also highly dependent on the engine turbocharger system, especially the by-pass control, but was not affected by waste gate control. The gaseous and soot emissions were less for the Generator Mode in the total load region, decreasing with the load. PM emissions were found to decrease with the load for the propulsion Mode, while showing an increase with the load for the Generator Mode.
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emissions from large scale medium speed diesel engines 2 influence of fuel type and operating Mode
2008Co-Authors: Arto Sarvi, Carljohan Fogelholm, Ron ZevenhovenAbstract:This paper addresses gaseous emissions smoke (soot) and particulate matter in large-scale diesel engine exhaust. The test engine was a large-scale turbocharged, after-cooled mean speed (∼ 500 rpm) direct-injection diesel engine and the power per cylinder was about 1 MW. Emission measurements were carried out on burning heavy fuel (HFO) and light fuel (LFO) oils. The test Modes for the investigation were a propulsion Mode (marine application) and a Generator Mode (power plant application). Gaseous emissions were measured according to the IMO technical code, smoke (soot) emissions were determined optically and particulate matter (PM) was measured by gravimetric impactor designed for five size fractions. In comparison the emissions from HFO and LFO utilisations indicate slightly higher NO and CO emissions for HFO, while LFO gives clearly higher emissions of hydrocarbons (HC). Emissions of soot and CO appeared to correlate very well, being very high for both fuels throughout the propulsion Mode and low load, otherwise being similar for both Modes. PM emissions are more than three times higher with HFO than with LFO and appear to decrease with the load except for HFO during the Generator Mode where an increase of PM emissions with the load is seen. Some data on sampled particles is given.
Koji Niita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2015Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1500 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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overview of particle and heavy ion transport code system phits
2014Co-Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Norihiro Matsuda, Hiroshi Iwase, Koji Niita, Shintaro Hashimoto, Shusaku Noda, Takuya Furuta, Hiroshi NakashimaAbstract:A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction Models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1,000 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics Models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event Generator Mode and beam transport functions.
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validation of the event Generator Mode in the phits code and its application
2007Co-Authors: Yosuke Iwamoto, Koji Niita, Tatsuhiko Sato, Yukio Sakamoto, Norihiro MatsudaAbstract:The "Event Generator Mode" has been introduced into the PHITS code in the treatment of low energy transport phenomena. In this Mode, the evaluated nuclear data for neutrons and a special evaporation Model are combined so as to trace all correlations of ejectiles keeping the energy and the momentum conservation in a collision. We have calculated the double differential cross section, the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section by the event Generator Mode of PHITS, and compared them with the evaluated nuclear data for the validation of the Mode in neutron-induced reactions under 30MeV. As results, all calculated results by the event Generator Mode reproduce the evaluated nuclear data well below 20MeV. As an application of this Mode, we indicate a new approach to the deposit energy distribution for the thermal neutron transport and the averaged quality factor for neutrons. The concept of the event Generator is rather popular with the Monte Carlo simulation code for high energy particles. In the event Generator Mode, the conservation law on the energy and the momentum is sustained in each event. Recently, the correlated quantities such as event-by-event distribution of deposit energy even in low energy fields are often required for microdosimetric estimations of irradiation effects in biol- ogy and semiconductors. For these requirements, the "Event Generator Mode" has been introduced into the PHITS code (1) in the transport of low energy neutrons. In this Mode, the evaluated nuclear data for neutrons and a special evaporation Model are combined so as to trace all correlations of ejectiles keeping the energy and the momentum conservation in a collision. This Mode enables us to calculate the correlated quantities mentioned above, and also to estimate the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section data without additional evaluated cross section libraries. In this work, we have calculated particle production cross sections, the kerma coefficient and the displacement cross section by the event Generator Mode of PHITS, and compared them with the evaluated nuclear data for the validation of the Mode in neutron-induced reactions under 30MeV. As an ap- plication of this Mode, we will suggest a new approach to the deposit energy distribution for the thermal neutron transport and the averaged quality factor for radiation protection against low energy neutron exposure. 2 Method of calculations A brief flowchart of the Event Generator Mode is shown in figure 1. A detail is presented in the other paper of these proceedings (2). The evaluated neutron data of the total cross section, the channel cross section, i.e., capture, elastic and (n,n � ), (n,Nn) cross section are used for branching the