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Tom E Porter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis reveal differences in pituitary gland function, morphology, and vascularization in chickens Genetically selected for high or low body weight.
    BMC Genomics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura E Ellestad, Larry A Cogburn, Jean Simon, Elisabeth Le Bihan-duval, Samuel E Aggrey, Mardi S Byerly, Michel J. Duclos, Tom E Porter
    Abstract:

    Though intensive Genetic selection has led to extraordinary advances in growth rate and feed efficiency in production of meat-type chickens, endocrine processes controlling these traits are still poorly understood. The anterior pituitary gland is a central component of the neuroendocrine system and plays a key role in regulating important physiological processes that directly impact broiler production efficiency, though how differences in pituitary gland function contribute to various growth and body composition phenotypes is not fully understood. Global anterior pituitary gene expression was evaluated on post-hatch weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 in male broiler chickens selected for high (HG) or low (LG) growth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with gene ontology categorization, self-organizing maps, gene interaction network determination, and upstream regulator identification to uncover novel pituitary genes and pathways contributing to differences in growth and body composition. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between HG and LG anterior pituitary glands (P ≤ 0.05 for Genetic Line-by-age interaction or main effect of Line; ≥1.6-fold difference between Lines), including genes encoding four anterior pituitary hormones. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle-mediated transport were differentially expressed and are predicted to influence expression and secretion of pituitary hormones. DEGs involved in immune regulation provide evidence that inflammation and response to cellular stressors may compromise pituitary function in LG birds, affecting their ability to adequately produce pituitary hormones. Many DEGs were also predicted to function in processes that regulate organ morphology and angiogenesis, suggesting pituitary gland structure differs between the divergently selected Lines. The large number of DEGs within the anterior pituitary gland of birds selected for high or low body weight highlights the importance of this gland in regulating economically important traits such as growth and body composition in broiler chickens. Intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and membrane trafficking are important cellular processes contributing to proper hormone production and secretion. The data also suggest that pituitary function is intimately tied to structure, and organization of the gland could influence hypothalamic and systemic metabolic inputs and delivery of hormones regulating growth and metabolism into peripheral circulation.

  • Transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis reveal differences in pituitary gland function, morphology, and vascularization in chickens Genetically selected for high or low body weight
    BMC, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura E Ellestad, Larry A Cogburn, Jean Simon, Elisabeth Le Bihan-duval, Samuel E Aggrey, Mardi S Byerly, Michel J. Duclos, Tom E Porter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Though intensive Genetic selection has led to extraordinary advances in growth rate and feed efficiency in production of meat-type chickens, endocrine processes controlling these traits are still poorly understood. The anterior pituitary gland is a central component of the neuroendocrine system and plays a key role in regulating important physiological processes that directly impact broiler production efficiency, though how differences in pituitary gland function contribute to various growth and body composition phenotypes is not fully understood. Results Global anterior pituitary gene expression was evaluated on post-hatch weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 in male broiler chickens selected for high (HG) or low (LG) growth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with gene ontology categorization, self-organizing maps, gene interaction network determination, and upstream regulator identification to uncover novel pituitary genes and pathways contributing to differences in growth and body composition. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between HG and LG anterior pituitary glands (P ≤ 0.05 for Genetic Line-by-age interaction or main effect of Line; ≥1.6-fold difference between Lines), including genes encoding four anterior pituitary hormones. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle-mediated transport were differentially expressed and are predicted to influence expression and secretion of pituitary hormones. DEGs involved in immune regulation provide evidence that inflammation and response to cellular stressors may compromise pituitary function in LG birds, affecting their ability to adequately produce pituitary hormones. Many DEGs were also predicted to function in processes that regulate organ morphology and angiogenesis, suggesting pituitary gland structure differs between the divergently selected Lines. Conclusions The large number of DEGs within the anterior pituitary gland of birds selected for high or low body weight highlights the importance of this gland in regulating economically important traits such as growth and body composition in broiler chickens. Intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and membrane trafficking are important cellular processes contributing to proper hormone production and secretion. The data also suggest that pituitary function is intimately tied to structure, and organization of the gland could influence hypothalamic and systemic metabolic inputs and delivery of hormones regulating growth and metabolism into peripheral circulation

Jerzy Kaleczyc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) plays an inhibitory role against inflammation induced by chemical damage to zebrafish hair cells.
    'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018
    Co-Authors: Natalia Kasica-jarosz, Piotr Podlasz, Jerzy Kaleczyc
    Abstract:

    Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) is a common neuropeptide exerting a wide spectrum of functions in many fields, including immunology. In the present study, 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae of three diverse Genetic Lines [transgenic Lines Tg(MPX:GFP) with GFP-labelled neutrophils and Tg(pou4f3:GAP-GFP) with GFP-labelled hair cells and the wild-type Tuebingen] were used to investigate an inhibitory role of PACAP-38 in inflammation associated with damaged hair cells of the lateral Line. Individuals of each Genetic Line were assigned to four groups: (1) control, and those consisting of larvae exposed to (2) 10 µM CuSO4, (3) 10 µM CuSO4+100 nM PACAP-38 and (4) 100 nM PACAP-38, respectively. Forty-minute exposure to CuSO4 solution was applied to evoke necrosis of hair cells and consequent inflammation. The inhibitory role of PACAP-38 was investigated in vivo under a confocal microscope by counting neutrophils migrating towards damaged hair cells in Tg(MPX:GFP) larvae. In CuSO4-treated individuals, the number of neutrophils associated with hair cells was dramatically increased, while PACAP-38 co-treatment resulted in its over 2-fold decrease. However, co-treatment with PACAP-38 did not prevent hair cells from extensive necrosis, which was found in Tg(pou4f3:GAP-GFP) individuals. Real-Time PCR analysis performed in wild-type larvae demonstrated differential expression pattern of stress and inflammation inducible markers. The most significant findings showed that CuSO4 exposure up-regulated the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and ATF3, while after PACAP-38 co-treatment expression levels of these genes were significantly decreased. The presence of transcripts for all PACAP receptors in neutrophils was also revealed. Adcyap1r1a and vipr1b appeared to be predominant forms. The present results suggest that PACAP-38 should be considered as a factor playing an important regulatory role in inflammatory response associated with pathological processes affecting zebrafish hair cells and it cannot be excluded that this interesting property has more universal significance

  • Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) plays an inhibitory role against inflammation induced by chemical damage to zebrafish hair cells
    2018
    Co-Authors: Natalia Kasica-jarosz, Piotr Podlasz, Jerzy Kaleczyc
    Abstract:

    Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) is a common neuropeptide exerting a wide spectrum of functions in many fields, including immunology. In the present study, 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae of three diverse Genetic Lines [transgenic Lines Tg(MPX:GFP) with GFP-labelled neutrophils and Tg(pou4f3:GAP-GFP) with GFP-labelled hair cells and the wild-type Tuebingen] were used to investigate an inhibitory role of PACAP-38 in inflammation associated with damaged hair cells of the lateral Line. Individuals of each Genetic Line were assigned to four groups: (1) control, and those consisting of larvae exposed to (2) 10 µM CuSO4, (3) 10 µM CuSO4+100 nM PACAP-38 and (4) 100 nM PACAP-38, respectively. Forty-minute exposure to CuSO4 solution was applied to evoke necrosis of hair cells and consequent inflammation. The inhibitory role of PACAP-38 was investigated in vivo under a confocal microscope by counting neutrophils migrating towards damaged hair cells in Tg(MPX:GFP) larvae. In CuSO4-treated individuals, the number of neutrophils associated with hair cells was dramatically increased, while PACAP-38 co-treatment resulted in its over 2-fold decrease. However, co-treatment with PACAP-38 did not prevent hair cells from extensive necrosis, which was found in Tg(pou4f3:GAP-GFP) individuals. Real-Time PCR analysis performed in wild-type larvae demonstrated differential expression pattern of stress and inflammation inducible markers. The most significant findings showed that CuSO4 exposure up-regulated the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and ATF3, while after PACAP-38 co-treatment expression levels of these genes were significantly decreased. The presence of transcripts for all PACAP receptors in neutrophils was also revealed. Adcyap1r1a and vipr1b appeared to be predominant forms. The present results suggest that PACAP-38 should be considered as a factor playing an important regulatory role in inflammatory response associated with pathological processes affecting zebrafish hair cells and it cannot be excluded that this interesting property has more universal significance.

M J Toscano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic variation of keel and long bone skeletal properties for 5 Lines of laying hens
    The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Laura Candelotto, Sabine G Gebhardthenrich, Ariane Stratmann, Teun Van De Braak, Marc A Stadelmann, D Guggisberg, Philippe K Zysset, M J Toscano
    Abstract:

    Summary Fractures to the keel bone is one of the greatest problems facing the laying hen industry. With most severe effects observed in non-cage housing, frequencies are expected to dramatically increase as the industry continues transitioning away from battery cages. Incidences within commercial systems are well documented, where the main cause is believed to be high egg production and the associated need for calcium drawing on endogenous reserves (i.e., bone) leaving bone weakened and prone to fracture. The current work sought to characterize various bone mineral and biomechanical properties of 5 distinct purebred or crossbred laying hen Lines (3 commercial: Bovans Brown, Dekalb White, and Institut de Selection Animale Dual Brown; 2 non-commercial: Experimental Brown and Experimental White), following previous work that demonstrated differences in susceptibility to keel fracture using an ex vivo impact testing apparatus. The keel was then removed to undergo analysis by computer tomography; the humerus and tibia were also removed for biomechanical testing. The keel bone mineral density and moment of area correlated moderately with hen weight and susceptibility to fracture. The biomechanical properties of the tibia, but not the humerus, showed a strong relationship with hen weight. One commercial Genetic Line (Dekalb White) with a high susceptibility to fracture exhibited a mean tibia strength below the value expected from its mean weight. Our results suggest that for the purebred or crossbred Lines other than Dekalb White, rather than properties of bone, lower mean weight may imply higher levels of activity, higher risk of collisions, and lower soft tissue protection that reflect greater susceptibility to keel fracture.

  • modeling collisions in laying hens as a tool to identify causative factors for keel bone fractures and means to reduce their occurrence and severity
    PLOS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: M J Toscano, D M Karcher, G J Richards, F Booth, Steven Brown, John F Tarlton
    Abstract:

    Keel fractures represent a major productivity and welfare issue for the laying hen industry with greater than 50% of birds in recent surveys across various commercial operations and nations exhibiting some form of damage by end of lay. While the causes are likely multifactorial and influenced by age, diet, Genetic Line, and other factors, high energy collisions with house furnishings and conspecifics in the barn are believed to be a major contribution to the frequency and severity of factures. The current study applies a previously described ex vivo impact testing protocol to quantify susceptibility to keel bone damage across an extensive range of collision energies and ages. We also link fracture susceptibility with bone and physiological measures likely to influence skeletal resilience. Further, we applied the impact testing protocol to evaluate the benefit of an omega-3 enriched diet to improve bone health and reduce fracture susceptibility. Our results indicated that fracture susceptibility increased rapidly from 23 weeks of age, peaking at 49.5 weeks of age and thereafter decreasing. Fracture susceptibility also varied with multiple natural characteristics of bone, including mineral density, though the nature of that relationship was dependent on whether an old fracture was present. Severity of the experimental fracture demonstrated considerable variation with collision energy and biomechanical properties. An omega-3 enhanced diet provided a protective effect against fractures, though only in terms of collision energies that were relatively low. In conclusion, the impact testing protocol provided a unique means to assess fracture susceptibility and quantify the role of likely influencing bird-level biological factors, both those that vary naturally as well as when altered through specific interventions.

  • Genetic selection to increase bone strength affects prevalence of keel bone damage and egg parameters in commercially housed laying hens
    Poultry Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ariane Stratmann, Sabine G Gebhardthenrich, Ernst K F Frohlich, Alexandra Harlandermatauschek, Hanno Wurbel, M J Toscano
    Abstract:

    The prevalence of keel bone damage as well as external egg parameters of 2 pure Lines divergently selected for high (H) and low (L) bone strength were investigated in 2 aviary systems under commercial conditions. A standard LSL hybrid was used as a reference group. Birds were kept mixed per Genetic Line (77 hens of the H and L Line and 201 or 206 hens of the LSL Line, respectively, per pen) in 8 pens of 2 aviary systems differing in design. Keel bone status and body mass of 20 focal hens per Line and pen were assessed at 17, 18, 23, 30, 36, 43, 52, and 63 wk of age. External egg parameters (i.e., egg mass, eggshell breaking strength, thickness, and mass) were measured using 10 eggs per Line at both 38 and 57 wk of age. Body parameters (i.e. tarsus and third primary wing feather length to calculate index of wing loading) were recorded at 38 wk of age and mortality per Genetic Line throughout the laying cycle. Bone mineral density (BMD) of 15 keel bones per Genetic Line was measured after slaughter to confirm assignment of the experimental Lines. We found a greater BMD in the H compared with the L and LSL Lines. Fewer keel bone fractures and deviations, a poorer external egg quality, as well as a lower index of wing loading were found in the H compared with the L Line. Mortality was lower and production parameters (e.g., laying performance) were higher in the LSL Line compared with the 2 experimental Lines. Aviary design affected prevalence of keel bone damage, body mass, and mortality. We conclude that selection of specific bone traits associated with bone strength as well as the related differences in body morphology (i.e., lower index of wing loading) have potential to reduce keel bone damage in commercial settings. Also, the housing environment (i.e., aviary design) may have additive effects.

Laura E Ellestad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis reveal differences in pituitary gland function, morphology, and vascularization in chickens Genetically selected for high or low body weight.
    BMC Genomics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura E Ellestad, Larry A Cogburn, Jean Simon, Elisabeth Le Bihan-duval, Samuel E Aggrey, Mardi S Byerly, Michel J. Duclos, Tom E Porter
    Abstract:

    Though intensive Genetic selection has led to extraordinary advances in growth rate and feed efficiency in production of meat-type chickens, endocrine processes controlling these traits are still poorly understood. The anterior pituitary gland is a central component of the neuroendocrine system and plays a key role in regulating important physiological processes that directly impact broiler production efficiency, though how differences in pituitary gland function contribute to various growth and body composition phenotypes is not fully understood. Global anterior pituitary gene expression was evaluated on post-hatch weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 in male broiler chickens selected for high (HG) or low (LG) growth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with gene ontology categorization, self-organizing maps, gene interaction network determination, and upstream regulator identification to uncover novel pituitary genes and pathways contributing to differences in growth and body composition. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between HG and LG anterior pituitary glands (P ≤ 0.05 for Genetic Line-by-age interaction or main effect of Line; ≥1.6-fold difference between Lines), including genes encoding four anterior pituitary hormones. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle-mediated transport were differentially expressed and are predicted to influence expression and secretion of pituitary hormones. DEGs involved in immune regulation provide evidence that inflammation and response to cellular stressors may compromise pituitary function in LG birds, affecting their ability to adequately produce pituitary hormones. Many DEGs were also predicted to function in processes that regulate organ morphology and angiogenesis, suggesting pituitary gland structure differs between the divergently selected Lines. The large number of DEGs within the anterior pituitary gland of birds selected for high or low body weight highlights the importance of this gland in regulating economically important traits such as growth and body composition in broiler chickens. Intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and membrane trafficking are important cellular processes contributing to proper hormone production and secretion. The data also suggest that pituitary function is intimately tied to structure, and organization of the gland could influence hypothalamic and systemic metabolic inputs and delivery of hormones regulating growth and metabolism into peripheral circulation.

  • Transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis reveal differences in pituitary gland function, morphology, and vascularization in chickens Genetically selected for high or low body weight
    BMC, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura E Ellestad, Larry A Cogburn, Jean Simon, Elisabeth Le Bihan-duval, Samuel E Aggrey, Mardi S Byerly, Michel J. Duclos, Tom E Porter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Though intensive Genetic selection has led to extraordinary advances in growth rate and feed efficiency in production of meat-type chickens, endocrine processes controlling these traits are still poorly understood. The anterior pituitary gland is a central component of the neuroendocrine system and plays a key role in regulating important physiological processes that directly impact broiler production efficiency, though how differences in pituitary gland function contribute to various growth and body composition phenotypes is not fully understood. Results Global anterior pituitary gene expression was evaluated on post-hatch weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 in male broiler chickens selected for high (HG) or low (LG) growth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with gene ontology categorization, self-organizing maps, gene interaction network determination, and upstream regulator identification to uncover novel pituitary genes and pathways contributing to differences in growth and body composition. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between HG and LG anterior pituitary glands (P ≤ 0.05 for Genetic Line-by-age interaction or main effect of Line; ≥1.6-fold difference between Lines), including genes encoding four anterior pituitary hormones. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle-mediated transport were differentially expressed and are predicted to influence expression and secretion of pituitary hormones. DEGs involved in immune regulation provide evidence that inflammation and response to cellular stressors may compromise pituitary function in LG birds, affecting their ability to adequately produce pituitary hormones. Many DEGs were also predicted to function in processes that regulate organ morphology and angiogenesis, suggesting pituitary gland structure differs between the divergently selected Lines. Conclusions The large number of DEGs within the anterior pituitary gland of birds selected for high or low body weight highlights the importance of this gland in regulating economically important traits such as growth and body composition in broiler chickens. Intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and membrane trafficking are important cellular processes contributing to proper hormone production and secretion. The data also suggest that pituitary function is intimately tied to structure, and organization of the gland could influence hypothalamic and systemic metabolic inputs and delivery of hormones regulating growth and metabolism into peripheral circulation

Lamont, Susan J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Novel Combined Tissue Transcriptome Analysis After Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Inbred Chicken Lines of Differential Resistance
    Iowa State University Digital Repository, 2020
    Co-Authors: Deist, Melissa S., Gallardo, Rodrigo A., Dekkers, Jack C. M., Zhou Huaijun, Lamont, Susan J.
    Abstract:

    Disease has large negative impacts on poultry production. A more comprehensive understanding of host–pathogen interaction can lead to new and improved strategies to maintain health. In particular, host Genetic factors can lead to a more effective response to pathogens, hereafter termed resistance. Fayoumi and Leghorn chicken Lines have demonstrated relative resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain and many other pathogens. This biological model was used to better understand the host response to a vaccine strain of NDV across three tissues and time points, using RNA-seq. Analyzing the Harderian gland, trachea, and lung tissues together using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified important genes that were co-expressed and associated with parameters including: Genetic Line, days post-infection (dpi), challenge status, sex, and tissue. Pathways and driver genes, such as EIF2AK2, MPEG1, and TNFSF13B, associated with challenge status, dpi, and Genetic Line were of particular interest as candidates for disease resistance. Overall, by jointly analyzing the three tissues, this study identified genes and gene networks that led to a more comprehensive understanding of the whole animal response to lentogenic NDV than that obtained by analyzing the tissues individually

  • Genetic responses of inbred chicken Lines illustrate importance of eIF2 family and immune-related genes in resistance to Newcastle disease virus
    Iowa State University Digital Repository, 2020
    Co-Authors: Paula Del Vesco, Ana, Zhou Huaijun, Kaiser, Michael G., Monson, Melissa S., Lamont, Susan J.
    Abstract:

    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication depends on the translation machinery of the host cell; therefore, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) gene family is a likely candidate for control of viral replication. We hypothesized that differential expression of host genes related to translation and innate immune response could contribute to differential resistance to NDV in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn Lines. The expression of twenty-one genes related to the interferon signaling pathway and the eIF2 family was evaluated at two- and six-days post infection (dpi) in the spleen from both Lines, either challenged by NDV or nonchallenged. Higher expression of OASL in NDV challenged versus nonchallenged spleen was observed in Leghorns at 2 dpi. Lower expression of EIF2B5 was found in NDV challenged than nonchallenged Fayoumis and Leghorns at 2 dpi. At 2 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2B5 and EIF2S3 than NDV challenged Leghorns. At 6 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2S3 and EIF2B4 than NDV challenged Leghorns. The Genetic Line differences in expression of eIF2-related genes may contribute to their differential resistance to NDV and also to understanding the interaction between protein synthesis shut-off and virus control in chickens

  • Novel insights into the host immune response of chicken Harderian gland tissue during Newcastle disease virus infection and heat treatment.
    eScholarship University of California, 2018
    Co-Authors: Saelao Perot, Gallardo, Rodrigo A., Lamont, Susan J., Wang Ying, Dekkers, Jack M, Kelly Terra, Zhou Huaijun
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Newcastle disease virus, in its most pathogenic form, threatens the livelihood of rural poultry farmers where there is a limited infrastructure and service for vaccinations to prevent outbreaks of the virus. Previously reported studies on the host response to Newcastle disease in chickens have not examined the disease under abiotic stressors, such as heat, which commonly experienced by chickens in regions such as Africa. The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to disease resistance in chickens to the Newcastle disease virus while under the effects of heat stress. RESULTS:Differential gene expression analysis identified genes differentially expressed between treated and non-treated birds across three time points (2, 6, and 10 days post-infection) in Fayoumi and Leghorn birds. Across the three time points, Fayoumi had very few genes differentially expressed between treated and non-treated groups at 2 and 6 days post-infection. However, 202 genes were differentially expressed at 10 days post-infection. Alternatively, Leghorn had very few genes differentially expressed at 2 and 10 days post-infection but had 167 differentially expressed genes at 6 days post-infection. Very few differentially expressed genes were shared between the two Genetic Lines, and pathway analysis found unique signaling pathways specific to each Genetic Line. Fayoumi had significantly lower viral load, higher viral clearance, higher anti-NDV antibody levels, and fewer viral transcripts detected compared to Leghorns. Fayoumis activated immune related pathways including SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways at earlier time points, while Leghorn would activate these same pathways at a later time. Further analysis revealed activation of the GP6 signaling pathway that may be responsible for the susceptible Leghorn response. CONCLUSIONS:The findings in this study confirmed our hypothesis that the Fayoumi Line was more resistant to Newcastle disease virus infection compared to the Leghorn Line. Within Line and interaction analysis demonstrated substantial differences in response patterns between the two Genetic Lines that was not observed from the within Line contrasts. This study has provided novel insights into the transcriptome response of the Harderian gland tissue during Newcastle disease virus infection while under heat stress utilizing a unique resistant and susceptible model

  • Resistant and susceptible chicken Lines show distinctive responses to Newcastle disease virus infection in the lung transcriptome
    Iowa State University Digital Repository, 2017
    Co-Authors: Deist, Melissa S., Gallardo, Rodrigo A., Dekkers, Jack C. M., Zhou Huaijun, Bunn, David A., Lamont, Susan J.
    Abstract:

    Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a threat to poultry production worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to this virus will improve measures for NDV prevention and control. Males and females from resistant Fayoumi and susceptible Leghorn Lines were either challenged with a lentogenic strain of the virus or given a mock infection at 3 weeks of age. The lung transcriptomes generated by RNA-seq were studied using contrasts across the challenged and nonchallenged birds, the two Lines, and three time points post-infection, and by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGNCA). Results Genetic Line and sex had a large impact on the lung transcriptome. When contrasting the challenged and nonchallenged birds, few differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified within each Line at 2, 6, and 10 days post infection (dpi), except for the more resistant Fayoumi Line at 10 dpi, for which several pathways were activated and inhibited at this time. The interaction of challenge and Line at 10 dpi significantly impacted 131 genes (False Discovery Rate (FDR) \u3c0.05), one of which was PPIB. Many DEG were identified between the Fayoumi and Leghorns. The number of DEG between the two Lines in the challenged birds decreased over time, but increased over time in the nonchallenged birds. The nonchallenged Fayoumis at 10 dpi showed enrichment of immune type cells when compared to 2 dpi, suggesting important immune related development at this age. These changes between 10 and 2 dpi were not identified in the challenged Fayoumis. The energy allocated to host defense may have interrupted normal lung development. WGCNA identified important modules and driver genes within those modules that were associated with traits of interest, several of which had no known associated function. Conclusions The Lines’ unique response to NDV offers insights into the potential means of their resistance and susceptibility. The lung transcriptome shows a unique response to lentogenic NDV compared to a previous study on the trachea of the same birds. It is important to analyze multiple tissues in order to best understand the chicken’s overall response to NDV challenge and improve strategies to combat this devastating disease