The Experts below are selected from a list of 390543 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark W. Blows - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SEXUAL CONFLICT AND THE MAINTENANCE OF MULTIVARIATE Genetic Variation
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Matthew Hall, Simon P. Lailvaux, Mark W. Blows, Robert BrooksAbstract:Mate choice should erode additive Genetic Variation in sexual displays, yet these traits often harbor substantial Genetic Variation. Nevertheless, recent developments in quantitative Genetics have suggested that multivariate Genetic Variation in the combinations of traits under selection may still be depleted. Accordingly, the erosion and maintenance of Variation may only be detectable by studying whole suites of traits. One potential process favoring the maintenance of Genetic variance in multiple trait combinations is the modification of sexual selection via sexually antagonistic interactions between males and females. Here we consider how interlocus sexual conflict can shape the Genetic architecture of male sexual traits in the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. In this species, the ability of each sex to manipulate insemination success significantly alters the selection acting on male courtship call properties. Using a quantitative Genetic breeding design we estimated the additive Genetic Variation in these traits and then predicted the change in Variation due to previously documented patterns of sexual selection. Our results indicate that female choice should indeed deplete multivariate Genetic variance, but that sexual conflict over insemination success may oppose this loss of variance. We suggest that changes in the direction of selection due to sexually antagonistic interactions will be an important and potentially widespread factor in maintaining multivariate Genetic Variation.
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abundant Genetic Variation strong selection multivariate Genetic constraints a geometric view of adaptation
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 2009Co-Authors: Bruce Walsh, Mark W. BlowsAbstract:Evolutionary biology has struggled to explain the coexistence of two basic observations: Genetic Variation is found in almost all traits in the presence of strong natural and sexual selection in natural populations. These two observations are in direct conflict as such selection should deplete Genetic Variation. Furthermore, the presence of Genetic Variation in a trait, and selection acting on that trait, is often not sufficient for the trait to respond to selection. Here, we bring together geometric perspectives on mutation, selection, and Genetic Variation and show how the perceived incompatibility between these two observations is a consequence of taking a trait-by-trait approach to the multivariate problem of Genetic Variation and selection. We conclude that the simultaneous presence of widespead Genetic Variation in, and strong selection on, individual traits indicates that substantial multivariate Genetic constraints are likely to be present in natural populations.
Robert Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SEXUAL CONFLICT AND THE MAINTENANCE OF MULTIVARIATE Genetic Variation
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Matthew Hall, Simon P. Lailvaux, Mark W. Blows, Robert BrooksAbstract:Mate choice should erode additive Genetic Variation in sexual displays, yet these traits often harbor substantial Genetic Variation. Nevertheless, recent developments in quantitative Genetics have suggested that multivariate Genetic Variation in the combinations of traits under selection may still be depleted. Accordingly, the erosion and maintenance of Variation may only be detectable by studying whole suites of traits. One potential process favoring the maintenance of Genetic variance in multiple trait combinations is the modification of sexual selection via sexually antagonistic interactions between males and females. Here we consider how interlocus sexual conflict can shape the Genetic architecture of male sexual traits in the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. In this species, the ability of each sex to manipulate insemination success significantly alters the selection acting on male courtship call properties. Using a quantitative Genetic breeding design we estimated the additive Genetic Variation in these traits and then predicted the change in Variation due to previously documented patterns of sexual selection. Our results indicate that female choice should indeed deplete multivariate Genetic variance, but that sexual conflict over insemination success may oppose this loss of variance. We suggest that changes in the direction of selection due to sexually antagonistic interactions will be an important and potentially widespread factor in maintaining multivariate Genetic Variation.
F. Laroche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intraspecific Genetic Variation and species coexistence in plant communities
Biology Letters, 2016Co-Authors: B. Ehlers, C.k. Damgaard, F. LarocheAbstract:Many studies report that intraspecific Genetic Variation in plants can affect community composition and coexistence. However, less is known about which traits are responsible and the mechanisms by which Variation in these traits affect the associated community. Focusing on plant–plant interactions,we review empirical studies exemplifying how intraspecific Genetic Variation in functional traits impacts plant coexistence. Intraspecific Variation in chemical and architectural traits promotes species coexistence, by both increasing habitat heterogeneity and altering competitive hierarchies. Decomposing species interactions into interactions between genotypes shows that genotype - genotype interactions are often intransitive. The outcome of plant–plant interactions varies with local adaptation to the environment and with dominant neighbour genotypes, and some plants can recognize the Genetic identity of neighbour plants if they have a common history of coexistence. Taken together, this reveals a very dynamic nature of coexistence. We outline how more traits mediating plant - plant interactions may be identified, and how future studies could use population Genetic surveys of genotype distribution in nature and methods from trait-based ecology to better quantify the impact of intraspecific Genetic Variation on plant coexistence.
Mark G. M. Aarts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Genetic Variation in plant photosynthesis
Trends in plant science, 2011Co-Authors: Pádraic J. Flood, Jeremy Harbinson, Mark G. M. AartsAbstract:Natural Genetic Variation in plant photosynthesis is a largely unexplored and as a result an underused Genetic resource for crop improvement. Numerous studies show Genetic Variation in photosynthetic traits in both crop and wild species, and there is an increasingly detailed knowledge base concerning the interaction of photosynthetic phenotypes with their environment. The Genetic factors that cause this Variation remain largely unknown. Investigations into natural Genetic Variation in photosynthesis will provide insights into the Genetic regulation of this complex trait. Such insights can be used to understand evolutionary processes that affect primary production, allow greater understanding of the Genetic regulation of photosynthesis and ultimately increase the productivity of our crops.
Dolph Schluter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adaptation from standing Genetic Variation
Trends in ecology & evolution, 2007Co-Authors: Rowan D. H. Barrett, Dolph SchluterAbstract:Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing Genetic Variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial alleles can result in different evolutionary dynamics and distinct Genetic outcomes. Compared with new mutations, adaptation from standing Genetic Variation is likely to lead to faster evolution, the fixation of more alleles of small effect and the spread of more recessive alleles. There is potential to distinguish between adaptation from standing Variation and that from new mutations by differences in the genomic signature of selection. Here we review these approaches and possible examples of adaptation from standing Variation in natural populations. Understanding how the source of Genetic Variation affects adaptation will be integral for predicting how populations will respond to changing environments.
