The Experts below are selected from a list of 334149 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Loet Leydesdorff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A study of seismology as a dynamic, distributed area of scientific research
Scientometrics, 2009Co-Authors: Caroline S. Wagner, Loet LeydesdorffAbstract:Seismology has several features that suggest it is a highly internationalized field: the subject matter is global, the tools used to analyse seismic waves are dependent upon information technologies, and governments are interested in funding cooperative research. We explore whether an emerging field like seismology has a more internationalised structure than the older, related field of Geophysics. Using aggregated journal-journal citations, we first show that, within the citing environment, seismology emerged from within Geophysics as its own field in the 1990s. The bibliographic analysis, however, does not show that seismology is more internationalised than Geophysics: in 2000, seismology had a lower percentage of all articles co-authored on an international basis. Nevertheless, social network analysis shows that the core group of cooperating countries within seismology is proportionately larger and more distributed than that within Geophysics. While the latter exhibits an established network with a hierarchy, the formation of a field in terms of new partnership relations is ongoing in seismology.
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Seismology as a dynamic, distributed area of scientific research
Scientometrics, 2003Co-Authors: Caroline S. Wagner, Loet LeydesdorffAbstract:Seismology has several features that suggest it is a highly internationalized field: the subject matter is global, the tools used to analyse seismic waves are dependent upon information technologies, and governments are interested in funding cooperative research. We explore whether an emerging field like seismology has a more internationalised structure than the older, related field of Geophysics. Using aggregated journal-journal citations, we first show that, within the citing environment, seismology emerged from within Geophysics as its own field in the 1990s. The bibliographic analysis, however, does not show that seismology is more internationalised than Geophysics: in 2000, seismology had a lower percentage of all articles co-authored on an international basis. Nevertheless, social network analysis shows that the core group of cooperating countries within seismology is proportionately larger and more distributed than that within Geophysics. While the latter exhibits an established network with a hierarchy, the formation of a field in terms of new partnership relations is ongoing in seismology.
Caroline S. Wagner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A study of seismology as a dynamic, distributed area of scientific research
Scientometrics, 2009Co-Authors: Caroline S. Wagner, Loet LeydesdorffAbstract:Seismology has several features that suggest it is a highly internationalized field: the subject matter is global, the tools used to analyse seismic waves are dependent upon information technologies, and governments are interested in funding cooperative research. We explore whether an emerging field like seismology has a more internationalised structure than the older, related field of Geophysics. Using aggregated journal-journal citations, we first show that, within the citing environment, seismology emerged from within Geophysics as its own field in the 1990s. The bibliographic analysis, however, does not show that seismology is more internationalised than Geophysics: in 2000, seismology had a lower percentage of all articles co-authored on an international basis. Nevertheless, social network analysis shows that the core group of cooperating countries within seismology is proportionately larger and more distributed than that within Geophysics. While the latter exhibits an established network with a hierarchy, the formation of a field in terms of new partnership relations is ongoing in seismology.
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Seismology as a dynamic, distributed area of scientific research
Scientometrics, 2003Co-Authors: Caroline S. Wagner, Loet LeydesdorffAbstract:Seismology has several features that suggest it is a highly internationalized field: the subject matter is global, the tools used to analyse seismic waves are dependent upon information technologies, and governments are interested in funding cooperative research. We explore whether an emerging field like seismology has a more internationalised structure than the older, related field of Geophysics. Using aggregated journal-journal citations, we first show that, within the citing environment, seismology emerged from within Geophysics as its own field in the 1990s. The bibliographic analysis, however, does not show that seismology is more internationalised than Geophysics: in 2000, seismology had a lower percentage of all articles co-authored on an international basis. Nevertheless, social network analysis shows that the core group of cooperating countries within seismology is proportionately larger and more distributed than that within Geophysics. While the latter exhibits an established network with a hierarchy, the formation of a field in terms of new partnership relations is ongoing in seismology.
Rüdiger Misiek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploration of Tunnel Alignment using Geophysical Methods to Increase Safety for Planning and Minimizing Risk
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Bodo Lehmann, Dirk Orlowsky, Rüdiger MisiekAbstract:Engineering Geophysics provides valuable and continuous information for the planning and execution of tunnel construction projects. For geotechnical purposes special high-resolution geophysical methods have been developed during the last decades. The importance of applying geophysical methods in addition to usually used geological and geotechnical exploration techniques is increasing. The main goal is to achieve an accurate and continuous model of the subsurface in a relative short period of operation time. The routine application of engineering geophysical methods will increase in the coming years. Due to the high acceptance of engineering Geophysics at construction sites, much wider application of geophysical investigations is expected. The combination of different methods—Geophysics, geology, and geotechnics as well as the so-called joint interpretation techniques—will be of essential importance. Engineering Geophysics will play an important role during the three phases: geological investigation, tunnel planning, and execution of tunnel construction. If hazards are well known in advance of a tunnel project the safety of workers will essentially be increased and geological risks will be minimized by means of successful and interdisciplinary cooperation.
Yuan Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence supporting New Geophysics
Earth and Planetary Physics, 2018Co-Authors: Stuart Crampin, Yuan GaoAbstract:In the last decade a New Geophysics has been proposed, whereby the crust and uppermost ~400 km of the mantle of the Earth are so pervaded by closely-spaced stress-aligned microcracks (intergranular films of hydrated melt in the mantle) that in situ rocks verge on failure by fracturing, and hence are critical-systems that impose a range of fundamentally-new properties on conventional sub-critical Geophysics. Enough of these new properties have been observed to confirm that New Geophysics is a new understanding of fluid/rock deformation with important implications and applications. Evidence supporting New Geophysics has been published in a wide variety of publications. Here, for clarification, we summarise in one document the evidence supporting New Geophysics.
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The New Geophysics
Terra Nova, 2013Co-Authors: Stuart Crampin, Yuan GaoAbstract:New Geophysics of critically microcracked rock is a new understanding of fluid-rock deformation that matches much of the behaviour of in situ rock observed throughout the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. The behaviour of rock in New Geophysics: is self-similar; can be monitored, calculated, predicted, even in principle controlled; prevails in almost all rocks; and has ‘butterfly-effect’ sensitivity. All of these remarkable features (except controllability) have been observed, in some cases many times. However, New Geophysics is innovative, controversial, and currently “ridiculed” and “violently opposed” (Schopenhauer Stages 1 and 2), and is difficult to get published via consensus-driven peer-review. Consequently, in the last 10 years, various aspects of New Geophysics have been published in some 20 different journals and conference proceedings making it difficult to access by the general reader. This review presents a synopsis of what is believed to be a fundamental advance in solid Earth geoscience.
Holger R Maier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crowdsourcing methods for data collection in Geophysics state of the art issues and future directions
Reviews of Geophysics, 2018Co-Authors: Feifei Zheng, Ruoling Tao, Holger R Maier, Linda See, Dragan Savic, Tuqiao Zhang, Qiuwen Chen, Thaine H AssumpcaoAbstract:Data are essential in all areas of Geophysics. They are used to better understand and manage systems, either directly or via models. Given the complexity and spatiotemporal variability of geophysical systems (e.g., precipitation), a lack of sufficient data is a perennial problem, which is exacerbated by various drivers, such as climate change and urbanization. In recent years, crowdsourcing has become increasingly prominent as a means of supplementing data obtained from more traditional sources, particularly due to its relatively low implementation cost and ability to increase the spatial and/or temporal resolution of data significantly. Given the proliferation of different crowdsourcing methods in Geophysics and the promise they have shown, it is timely to assess the state of the art in this field, to identify potential issues and map out a way forward. In this paper, crowdsourcing-based data acquisition methods that have been used in seven domains of Geophysics, including weather, precipitation, air pollution, geography, ecology, surface water, and natural hazard management, are discussed based on a review of 162 papers. In addition, a novel framework for categorizing these methods is introduced and applied to the methods used in the seven domains of Geophysics considered in this review. This paper also features a review of 93 papers dealing with issues that are common to data acquisition methods in different domains of Geophysics, including the management of crowdsourcing projects, data quality, data processing, and data privacy. In each of these areas, the current status is discussed and challenges and future directions are outlined.
