The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Micheline Gueguen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safety assessment of dairy microorganisms geotrichum candidum
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Ivannah Pottier, Stéphanie Gente, Jean-paul Vernoux, Micheline GueguenAbstract:Abstract Geotrichum candidum is a ubiquitous filamentous yeast-like fungus commonly isolated from soil, air, water, milk, silage, plant tissues, digestive tract in humans and other mammals. This species is widely used as adjunct culture in the maturation of cheese. The genus Geotrichum is composed of 18 species. A recent taxonomic revision concluded that the old Galactomyces geotrichum/G. candidum complex contained four separate species of which Galactomyces candidus sp. nov./G. candidum. M13 primer can be used for identifying species of the Geotrichum genus. Used in combination, RAPD-PCR and RAM-PCR permit strains to be differentiated. The species can be unambiguous differentiated from the two species most frequently described in human pathology: Geotrichum clavatum (reclassified Saprochaete clavata) and Geotrichum capitatum (reclassified Magnusiomyces capitatus/Saprochaete capitata). Sources of exposure are food ingestion – cheese consumption playing a major role – inhalation and contact. A bibliographic survey was conducted to assess corresponding hazards and risks. G. candidum infections (mainly pulmonary or bronchopulmonary, but also cutaneous, oral, disseminates) are very rare: fewer than 100 cases reported between 1842 and 2006. Moreover, cases were not all confirmed by repeated isolations and demonstration of the fungus' presence in tissues, a prerequisite to establish a true diagnosis of Geotrichosis. Immunocompromised population was recently shown as a target for opportunistic infection. The most effective treatments include either azole drogs as ketonazole, iconazole and clotrimazole, or polyene antibiotics as amphotericin B, nystatin and pimaricin, or voriconazole–amphotericin B association. Less than 1 case/year of disease was possibly caused by G. candidum and it never included dairy products or foodborne infection. The risk of developing an infection due to G. candidum in connection with its technological use and consumption of dairy products is virtually nil. For these reasons, G. candidum should be proposed for QPS status.
-
Intra-species chromosome-length polymorphism in Geotrichum candidum revealed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: Stéphanie Gente, Nathalie Desmasures, Cyril Jacopin, Ghislaine Plessis, Martine Beliard, Jean-michel Panoff, Micheline GueguenAbstract:Geotrichum candidum is an ascomycetous anamorph yeast-like fungus found in various habitats. It is a component of the natural flora of milk and is used as a maturing agent for both soft and hard cheeses. This microorganism displays phenotypic variability and may act as an opportunist pathogen, causing Geotrichosis. Cytological analysis of G. candidum strain ATCC 204307 showed this strain to have eight chromosomes. We prepared chromosomal DNA from 13 strains of G. candidum differing in habitat and morphotype. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in two sets of conditions to determine the size of the chromosomal DNA molecules. The strains investigated had five to eight chromosomes, 0.6 to 4.5 Mb in size. We estimated genome size in these 13 strains to be between 11 and 19 Mb. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles showed a high degree of polymorphism, indicating considerable variability between strains. Genome size and the presence of large chromosomes appeared to be correlated with morphotype. Strains with a mold-like or intermediate morphotype tended to have larger genomes than strains with a yeast-like morphotype did.
Makoto Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Epidemiology and treatment outcome of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies
International Journal of Hematology, 2012Co-Authors: Mitsutoshi Kurosawa, Masakatsu Yonezumi, Satoshi Hashino, Junji Tanaka, Mitsufumi Nishio, Makoto Kaneda, Shuichi Ota, Kyuhei Koda, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Makoto YoshidaAbstract:Invasive fungal infection (IFI) causes morbidity and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We evaluated the incidence and treatment outcomes of proven and probable IFI in 22 institutions between 2006 and 2008 following the recent European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG) consensus criteria. We analyzed 2,821 patients with hematological malignancies, including 597 who had undergone HSCT; these included patients with acute leukemia ( n = 697), myelodysplastic syndrome ( n = 284), lymphoma ( n = 1465), or multiple myeloma ( n = 375). IFIs were diagnosed in 38 (1.3%) patients (18 proven and 20 probable), including 20 patients who underwent HSCT and 18 who received chemotherapy alone; these included patients with aspergillosis ( n = 23), candidiasis ( n = 6), mucormycosis ( n = 6), trichosporonosis ( n = 2), and Geotrichosis ( n = 1). The incidence of IFI was 5.4 % in allogeneic HSCT patients, 0.4 % in autologous HSCT patients, and 0.8 % in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Eighteen patients with aspergillosis were diagnosed with probable pulmonary IFI as determined by computed tomography scan and positive galactomannan assay. Overall, antifungal targeted therapies resulted in successful outcomes in 60.0 % of patients. IFI-attributable mortality rate was higher in HSCT patients than in those receiving chemotherapy alone, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Gueguen Micheline - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Intra-species chromosome-length polymorphism in Geotrichum candidum revealed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
'Elsevier BV', 2002Co-Authors: Gente Stéphanie, Desmasures Nathalie, Jacopin Cyril, Plessis Ghislaine, Beliard Martine, Panoff Jean-michel, Gueguen MichelineAbstract:International audienceGeotrichum candidum is an ascomycetous anamorph yeast-like fungus found in various habitats. It is a component of the natural flora of milk and is used as a maturing agent for both soft and hard cheeses. This microorganism displays phenotypic variability and may act as an opportunist pathogen, causing Geotrichosis. Cytological analysis of G. candidum strain ATCC 204307 showed this strain to have eight chromosomes. We prepared chromosomal DNA from 13 strains of G. candidum differing in habitat and morphotype. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in two sets of conditions to determine the size of the chromosomal DNA molecules. The strains investigated had five to eight chromosomes, 0.6 to 4.5 Mb in size. We estimated genome size in these 13 strains to be between 11 and 19 Mb. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles showed a high degree of polymorphism, indicating considerable variability between strains. Genome size and the presence of large chromosomes appeared to be correlated with morphotype. Strains with a mold-like or intermediate morphotype tended to have larger genomes than strains with a yeast-like morphotype did
Stéphanie Gente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safety assessment of dairy microorganisms geotrichum candidum
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Ivannah Pottier, Stéphanie Gente, Jean-paul Vernoux, Micheline GueguenAbstract:Abstract Geotrichum candidum is a ubiquitous filamentous yeast-like fungus commonly isolated from soil, air, water, milk, silage, plant tissues, digestive tract in humans and other mammals. This species is widely used as adjunct culture in the maturation of cheese. The genus Geotrichum is composed of 18 species. A recent taxonomic revision concluded that the old Galactomyces geotrichum/G. candidum complex contained four separate species of which Galactomyces candidus sp. nov./G. candidum. M13 primer can be used for identifying species of the Geotrichum genus. Used in combination, RAPD-PCR and RAM-PCR permit strains to be differentiated. The species can be unambiguous differentiated from the two species most frequently described in human pathology: Geotrichum clavatum (reclassified Saprochaete clavata) and Geotrichum capitatum (reclassified Magnusiomyces capitatus/Saprochaete capitata). Sources of exposure are food ingestion – cheese consumption playing a major role – inhalation and contact. A bibliographic survey was conducted to assess corresponding hazards and risks. G. candidum infections (mainly pulmonary or bronchopulmonary, but also cutaneous, oral, disseminates) are very rare: fewer than 100 cases reported between 1842 and 2006. Moreover, cases were not all confirmed by repeated isolations and demonstration of the fungus' presence in tissues, a prerequisite to establish a true diagnosis of Geotrichosis. Immunocompromised population was recently shown as a target for opportunistic infection. The most effective treatments include either azole drogs as ketonazole, iconazole and clotrimazole, or polyene antibiotics as amphotericin B, nystatin and pimaricin, or voriconazole–amphotericin B association. Less than 1 case/year of disease was possibly caused by G. candidum and it never included dairy products or foodborne infection. The risk of developing an infection due to G. candidum in connection with its technological use and consumption of dairy products is virtually nil. For these reasons, G. candidum should be proposed for QPS status.
-
Intra-species chromosome-length polymorphism in Geotrichum candidum revealed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: Stéphanie Gente, Nathalie Desmasures, Cyril Jacopin, Ghislaine Plessis, Martine Beliard, Jean-michel Panoff, Micheline GueguenAbstract:Geotrichum candidum is an ascomycetous anamorph yeast-like fungus found in various habitats. It is a component of the natural flora of milk and is used as a maturing agent for both soft and hard cheeses. This microorganism displays phenotypic variability and may act as an opportunist pathogen, causing Geotrichosis. Cytological analysis of G. candidum strain ATCC 204307 showed this strain to have eight chromosomes. We prepared chromosomal DNA from 13 strains of G. candidum differing in habitat and morphotype. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in two sets of conditions to determine the size of the chromosomal DNA molecules. The strains investigated had five to eight chromosomes, 0.6 to 4.5 Mb in size. We estimated genome size in these 13 strains to be between 11 and 19 Mb. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles showed a high degree of polymorphism, indicating considerable variability between strains. Genome size and the presence of large chromosomes appeared to be correlated with morphotype. Strains with a mold-like or intermediate morphotype tended to have larger genomes than strains with a yeast-like morphotype did.
Alexandro Bonifaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
opportunistic yeast infections candidiasis cryptococcosis trichosporonosis and Geotrichosis
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2013Co-Authors: Denisse Vazquezgonzalez, Ana Maria Perusquiaortiz, Max Hundeiker, Alexandro BonifazAbstract:Opportunistic yeast infections are diseases caused by fungi which normally are saprophytic and do not cause disease in humans or animals. The prevalence of these diseases has been increasing due to immunosuppressive, corticosteroid, and long-term antibiotic treatment following organ transplantation or after serious metabolic, hematological, or immunological diseases. We review epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the four "big" opportunistic yeast infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis, and Geotrichosis.
-
Oral Geotrichosis: report of 12 cases.
Journal of oral science, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandro Bonifaz, Denisse Vázquez-gonzález, Berenice Macías, Fernando Paredes-farrera, Marco A. Hernández, Javier Araiza, Rosa María PonceAbstract:Oral Geotrichosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection caused by Geotrichum candidum, a habitual contaminant and component of the flora of various parts of the body. This communication reports both a 20-year retrospective study of clinically and mycologically proven cases of oral Geotrichosis, and a prospective study of fungal oral flora in 200 individuals divided into two groups: normal individuals and individuals with associated conditions. Twelve patients with proven oral Geotrichosis were included: 9 females and 3 males, with a mean age of 48.5 years; the associated conditions were diabetes mellitus (66.6%), leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and HIV/AIDS infection. The oral geotrichoses showed three clinical varieties: pseudomembranous (75%), hyperplastic, and palatine ulcer. G. candidum was isolated in 11 cases and G. capitatum in one. Positive fungal cultures were obtained from the two groups, and 48% and 78% of cultures were positive, respectively, for Candida spp. In 2.8% and 6.33% of the cases, G. candidum was isolated, respectively, together with one strain of G. capitatum. Oral Geotrichosis is an exceptional infection that clinically presents, and is treated, as oral candidiasis. G. candidum may be isolated from the oral flora of a small proportion of patients, either normal individuals or those with associated conditions.