The Experts below are selected from a list of 1746 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Francisco Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Does Acetaminophen Interfere in the Antibiotic Treatment of Acute Otitis Media Caused by a Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococcus Strain? A Gerbil Model
Pediatric Research, 2003Co-Authors: Carmen Ponte, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta García-olmos, Antonio Carcas, Francisco SorianoAbstract:The possible interference of acetaminophen, combined with antibiotics, in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by a penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 2 μg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid– and erythromycin-sensitive pneumococcus was evaluated in a Gerbil Model. Animals were challenged with ∼5 × 10^6 bacteria in each ear through transbullar instillation. Acetaminophen was administered s.c. at 50 mg/kg 30 min before each antibiotic dose. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered s.c. at 2, 10, and 18 h after inoculation. Samples were obtained from the middle ear (ME) on day 2 after inoculation for bacterial count. The overall results showed no difference between animals that received acetaminophen, with or without antibiotics, and those that did not receive acetaminophen. The antibiotic concentrations in the ME were practically identical in both groups of animals, so acetaminophen did not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the ME. However, both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive and the bacterial concentration in ME samples when compared with antibiotic-untreated animals. Both antibiotics, whether combined with acetaminophen or not, lowered the number of AOM to 75% of animals presented otitis media with effusion, and no differences were shown between groups. A high rate of bacterial eradication from the ME correlated with antibiotic serum concentrations being over the MIC of the infecting organism for only >15% of the dose interval and with an ME concentration exceeding the MIC by a factor of 1.7. In this experimental Model, acetaminophen had neither a synergistic nor an antagonistic effect on the antibiotics tested.
-
Does acetaminophen interfere in the antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media caused by a penicillin-resistant pneumococcus strain? A Gerbil Model.
Pediatric research, 2003Co-Authors: Carmen Ponte, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta Garcı́a-olmos, Antonio Carcas, Francisco SorianoAbstract:The possible interference of acetaminophen, combined with antibiotics, in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by a penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 2 microg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid- and erythromycin-sensitive pneumococcus was evaluated in a Gerbil Model. Animals were challenged with approximately 5 x 106 bacteria in each ear through transbullar instillation. Acetaminophen was administered s.c. at 50 mg/kg 30 min before each antibiotic dose. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered s.c. at 2, 10, and 18 h after inoculation. Samples were obtained from the middle ear (ME) on day 2 after inoculation for bacterial count. The overall results showed no difference between animals that received acetaminophen, with or without antibiotics, and those that did not receive acetaminophen. The antibiotic concentrations in the ME were practically identical in both groups of animals, so acetaminophen did not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the ME. However, both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive and the bacterial concentration in ME samples when compared with antibiotic-untreated animals. Both antibiotics, whether combined with acetaminophen or not, lowered the number of AOM to 75% of animals presented otitis media with effusion, and no differences were shown between groups. A high rate of bacterial eradication from the ME correlated with antibiotic serum concentrations being over the MIC of the infecting organism for only >15% of the dose interval and with an ME concentration exceeding the MIC by a factor of 1.7. In this experimental Model, acetaminophen had neither a synergistic nor an antagonistic effect on the antibiotics tested.
-
Is it possible to achieve bacterial eradication in otitis media with effusion by empirical antibiotic high doses and concomitant administration of acetaminophen? A microbiological and pharmacological study in the Gerbil Model.
International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2003Co-Authors: Araceli Parra, Carmen Ponte, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta Garcı́a-olmos, Francisco SorianoAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of amoxycillin–clavulanic acid (10 and 15 mg/kg amoxycillin) and erythromycin (20 and 50 mg/kg) was assessed in a Gerbil Model of otitis media with effusion induced by β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae. Animals were divided into groups receiving acetaminophen concomitantly or not receiving it. Treatment started 2 h post-middle ear inoculation and continued t.i.d. for up to three doses. Middle ear samples were obtained on day 2 post-inoculation. Amoxycillin–clavulanic acid showed significantly higher efficacy than erythromycin, regardless of acetaminophen administration (P
-
Optimal Dose of Amoxicillin in Treatment of Otitis Media Caused by a Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococcus Strain in the Gerbil Model
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Araceli Parra, Carmen Ponte, Carlos Cenjor, Gloria García-calvo, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Francisco SorianoAbstract:Amoxicillin at doses of 0.2 to 5 mg/kg of body weight was administered for the treatment of pneumococcal otitis media in a Gerbil Model. Doses greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg, which resulted in concentrations in middle ear fluid of ≥1.4 μg/ml and concentrations in serum higher than the MIC (1 μg/ml) for ≥14% of the dosing interval, were both clinically and bacteriologically effective.
-
Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the Development of Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion in a Gerbil Model
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2000Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, Gloria García-calvo, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, E. Nieto, Carmen PonteAbstract:The efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefuroxime was determined in a Gerbil Model of otitis media with a mixed Streptococcus pneumoniae plus Haemophilus influenzae middle ear (ME) infection. Results were compared with those obtained in a previous single H. influenzae Model. All untreated animals inoculated with the mixed inoculum developed acute otitis media (AOM), whereas 86.7% of those inoculated with H. influenzae developed otitis media with effusion (OME). Antibiotics eradicated H. influenzae from the ME more efficiently in AOM than in OME, and this difference was highly significant (P 80% of animals developed culture-negative OME.
Ashfaq Shuaib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Zonisamide as a neuroprotective agent in an adult Gerbil Model of global forebrain ischemia: a histological, in vivo microdialysis and behavioral study
Brain Research, 1997Co-Authors: Andrew J Owen, Sadiq Ijaz, H. Miyashita, Tom Wishart, Wendy Howlett, Ashfaq ShuaibAbstract:Brief periods of global cerebral ischemia are known to produce characteristic patterns of neuronal injury both in human studies and in experimental animal Models. Ischemic damage to vulnerable areas such as the CA1 sector of the hippocampus is thought to result from excitotoxic amino acid neurotransmission. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of a novel sodium channel blocking compound, zonisamide, to reduce neuronal damage by preventing the ischemia-associated accumulation of extracellular glutamate. Using a Gerbil Model, animals were subjected to 5 min ischemic insults. Both pre- and post-ischemic drug administration (zonisamide 150 mg/kg) were studied. Histological brain sections were prepared using a silver stain at 7 and 28 days post ischemia. The animals sacrificed at 28 days also underwent behavioral testing using a modified Morris water maze. In vivo microdialysis was performed on a separate group of animals in order to determine the patterns of ischemia-induced glutamate accumulation in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Pyramidal cell damage scores in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were significantly reduced in animals pre-treated with zonisamide compared to saline-treated controls, both at 7 days (drug pre-treated: 0.812±0.28, n=8; controls: 1.625±0.24, n=8; *P
-
Zonisamide as a neuroprotective agent in an adult Gerbil Model of global forebrain ischemia: a histological, in vivo microdialysis and behavioral study.
Brain research, 1997Co-Authors: Andrew J Owen, Sadiq Ijaz, H. Miyashita, Tom Wishart, Wendy Howlett, Ashfaq ShuaibAbstract:Brief periods of global cerebral ischemia are known to produce characteristic patterns of neuronal injury both in human studies and in experimental animal Models. Ischemic damage to vulnerable areas such as the CA1 sector of the hippocampus is thought to result from excitotoxic amino acid neurotransmission. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of a novel sodium channel blocking compound, zonisamide, to reduce neuronal damage by preventing the ischemia-associated accumulation of extracellular glutamate. Using a Gerbil Model, animals were subjected to 5 min ischemic insults. Both pre- and post-ischemic drug administration (zonisamide 150 mg/kg) were studied. Histological brain sections were prepared using a silver stain at 7 and 28 days post ischemia. The animals sacrificed at 28 days also underwent behavioral testing using a modified Morris water maze. In vivo microdialysis was performed on a separate group of animals in order to determine the patterns of ischemia-induced glutamate accumulation in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Pyramidal cell damage scores in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were significantly reduced in animals pre-treated with zonisamide compared to saline-treated controls, both at 7 days (drug pre-treated: 0.812 +/- 0.28, n = 8; controls: 1.625 +/- 0.24, n = 8; *P < 0.05) and 28 (drug pre-treated: 0.833 +/- 0.22, n = 12; controls: 1.955 +/- 0.26, n = 11; **P < 0.01) days post ischemia. However, animals receiving zonisamide post-treatment did not display significant differences from controls. Behavioral studies also showed significant preservation of function in drug-treated animals. Microdialysis studies confirmed a reduction in glutamate release in drug-treated animals compared to saline-treated controls. Our data suggest that zonisamide is effective in reducing neuronal damage by a mechanism involving decreased ischemia-induced extracellular glutamate accumulation and interruption of excitotoxic pathways.
Hiroyoshi Ota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
in vivo bactericidal activities of japanese rice fluid against h pylori in a mongolian Gerbil Model
International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Satoshi Ishizone, Fukuto Maruta, Kazufumi Suzuki, Shinichi Miyagawa, Kiyomi Kanaya, Kozue Oana, Masayoshi Hayama, Yoshiyuki Kawakami, Masahiko Takeuchi, Hiroyoshi OtaAbstract:Purpose: The antibiotic effect of rice-fluid on Helicobacter pylori infection was investigated using a Mongolian Gerbil Model. Methods: Gerbils were divided into four groups: H. pylori -infected, rice-fluid-treated animals (group A); H. pylori -infected, untreated animals (group B); uninfected, rice-fluid-treated animals (group C); and uninfected, untreated animals (group D). Group A and B animals were killed 14 weeks after H. pylori infection and group C and D animals were killed at the same age. The stomachs were examined for histology, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, and the bacterial burden. Serum anti-H. pylori antibody titers were also tested. Results: The positive incidence of H. pylori -culture was 25 and 84 % in groups A and B, respectively (p<0.01). Both the degree of inflammation and the BrdU labeling index in group A were significantly lower than those in group B. Conclusions: Rice-fluid showed an antibiotic effect on H. pylori and an anti-inflammatory effect on the H. pylori -associated gastritis.
-
In vivo bactericidal activities of Japanese rice-fluid against H. pylori in a Mongolian Gerbil Model
International journal of medical sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Satoshi Ishizone, Fukuto Maruta, Kazufumi Suzuki, Shinichi Miyagawa, Takeuchi Masahiko, Kiyomi Kanaya, Kozue Oana, Masayoshi Hayama, Yoshiyuki Kawakami, Hiroyoshi OtaAbstract:Purpose: The antibiotic effect of rice-fluid on Helicobacter pylori infection was investigated using a Mongolian Gerbil Model. Methods: Gerbils were divided into four groups: H. pylori -infected, rice-fluid-treated animals (group A); H. pylori -infected, untreated animals (group B); uninfected, rice-fluid-treated animals (group C); and uninfected, untreated animals (group D). Group A and B animals were killed 14 weeks after H. pylori infection and group C and D animals were killed at the same age. The stomachs were examined for histology, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, and the bacterial burden. Serum anti-H. pylori antibody titers were also tested. Results: The positive incidence of H. pylori -culture was 25 and 84 % in groups A and B, respectively (p
-
immune response to a 26 kda protein alkyl hydroperoxide reductase in helicobacter pylori infected mongolian Gerbil Model
Helicobacter, 2001Co-Authors: Jing Yan, Toshiko Kumagai, Makoto Ohnishi, Ichiro Ueno, Hiroyoshi OtaAbstract:Background. The host immune response is thought to play an important role in the outcome of Helico-bacter pylori infection. The successful development of the H. pylori-infected Mongolian Gerbil Model that mimics human disease has enabled study of the antibody response against H. pylori antigens. Materials and Methods. Serum samples from ulcer and carcinogenesis Models of H. pylori-infected Gerbils were used to screen for H. pylori antigens that cause a humoral immune response in the infected hosts. H. pylori alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is one such antigen on which we report here. The tsaA gene encoding AhpC was amplified by PCR from H. pylori ATCC 43504 strain, cloned into pMALTM-c2 expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Maltose-binding protein fusion protein (MBP-AhpC) was purified by a MBP affinity column. Using purified recombinant AhpC protein as an antigen, the antibody response and changes of antibody levels against AhpC in the Gerbil Models were studied by Western blotting and ELISA. Results. Antibody against AhpC was negative in the early stages of infection, and became positive in the Gerbils with the emergence of gastric diseases such as chronic active gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The antibody levels (ELISA) increased gradually over time and were higher in Gerbils with gastric ulcer than that in Gerbils without ulcers. Conclusions. Use of the Gerbil Model that mimics human H. pylori infection is likely to provide insights into the role of H. pylori-specific antigens possibly related to the subsequent development of gastric diseases.
Jun Hwi Cho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
new gabaergic neurogenesis in the hippocampal ca1 region of a Gerbil Model of long term survival after transient cerebral ischemic injury
Brain Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Jae-chul Lee, Joon Ha Park, Ji Hyeon Ahn, In Hye Kim, Jeong Hwi Cho, Jung Hoon Choi, Ki Yeon Yoo, Choong Hyun Lee, In Koo Hwang, Jun Hwi ChoAbstract:We investigated the probability of newly generated neurons that could survive and mature in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) of a Gerbil Model of transient cerebral ischemia. Neuronal death was shown in the stratum pyramidale (SP) from 4 days post-ischemia, and a significant increase in NeuN-positive ((+) ) neurons was found in the SP at 180 days post-ischemia. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) cells were co-stained with NeuN and glutamic decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and protein level was shown in nonpyramidal cells from 4 days post-ischemia, and the immunoreactivity was strong at 30 days post-ischemia and not significantly changed until 180 days post-ischemia. Furthermore, TrkB immunoreactivity was co-stained with GAD67 when we examined at 180 days post-ischemia. Myelin basic protein (MBP)(+) nerve fibers were reduced at 4 days post-ischemia and maintained until 60 days post-ischemia, and MBP immunoreactivity and levels were significantly increased at 180 days post-ischemia. In the passive avoidance test, cognitive dysfunction was improved at 180 days post-ischemia. These results suggest that the differentiation of neural progenitor cells into new GABAergic neurons may be promoted via BDNF in the ischemic CA1 and that the neurogenesis may partially mediate the recovery of cognitive impairments via increasing myelinated nerve fibers.
-
New GABAergic Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of a Gerbil Model of Long‐Term Survival after Transient Cerebral Ischemic Injury
Brain pathology (Zurich Switzerland), 2015Co-Authors: Jae-chul Lee, Joon Ha Park, Ji Hyeon Ahn, In Hye Kim, Jeong Hwi Cho, Jung Hoon Choi, Ki Yeon Yoo, Choong Hyun Lee, In Koo Hwang, Jun Hwi ChoAbstract:We investigated the probability of newly generated neurons that could survive and mature in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) of a Gerbil Model of transient cerebral ischemia. Neuronal death was shown in the stratum pyramidale (SP) from 4 days post-ischemia, and a significant increase in NeuN-positive ((+) ) neurons was found in the SP at 180 days post-ischemia. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) cells were co-stained with NeuN and glutamic decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and protein level was shown in nonpyramidal cells from 4 days post-ischemia, and the immunoreactivity was strong at 30 days post-ischemia and not significantly changed until 180 days post-ischemia. Furthermore, TrkB immunoreactivity was co-stained with GAD67 when we examined at 180 days post-ischemia. Myelin basic protein (MBP)(+) nerve fibers were reduced at 4 days post-ischemia and maintained until 60 days post-ischemia, and MBP immunoreactivity and levels were significantly increased at 180 days post-ischemia. In the passive avoidance test, cognitive dysfunction was improved at 180 days post-ischemia. These results suggest that the differentiation of neural progenitor cells into new GABAergic neurons may be promoted via BDNF in the ischemic CA1 and that the neurogenesis may partially mediate the recovery of cognitive impairments via increasing myelinated nerve fibers.
Carmen Ponte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Does Acetaminophen Interfere in the Antibiotic Treatment of Acute Otitis Media Caused by a Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococcus Strain? A Gerbil Model
Pediatric Research, 2003Co-Authors: Carmen Ponte, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta García-olmos, Antonio Carcas, Francisco SorianoAbstract:The possible interference of acetaminophen, combined with antibiotics, in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by a penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 2 μg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid– and erythromycin-sensitive pneumococcus was evaluated in a Gerbil Model. Animals were challenged with ∼5 × 10^6 bacteria in each ear through transbullar instillation. Acetaminophen was administered s.c. at 50 mg/kg 30 min before each antibiotic dose. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered s.c. at 2, 10, and 18 h after inoculation. Samples were obtained from the middle ear (ME) on day 2 after inoculation for bacterial count. The overall results showed no difference between animals that received acetaminophen, with or without antibiotics, and those that did not receive acetaminophen. The antibiotic concentrations in the ME were practically identical in both groups of animals, so acetaminophen did not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the ME. However, both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive and the bacterial concentration in ME samples when compared with antibiotic-untreated animals. Both antibiotics, whether combined with acetaminophen or not, lowered the number of AOM to 75% of animals presented otitis media with effusion, and no differences were shown between groups. A high rate of bacterial eradication from the ME correlated with antibiotic serum concentrations being over the MIC of the infecting organism for only >15% of the dose interval and with an ME concentration exceeding the MIC by a factor of 1.7. In this experimental Model, acetaminophen had neither a synergistic nor an antagonistic effect on the antibiotics tested.
-
Does acetaminophen interfere in the antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media caused by a penicillin-resistant pneumococcus strain? A Gerbil Model.
Pediatric research, 2003Co-Authors: Carmen Ponte, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta Garcı́a-olmos, Antonio Carcas, Francisco SorianoAbstract:The possible interference of acetaminophen, combined with antibiotics, in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by a penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 2 microg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid- and erythromycin-sensitive pneumococcus was evaluated in a Gerbil Model. Animals were challenged with approximately 5 x 106 bacteria in each ear through transbullar instillation. Acetaminophen was administered s.c. at 50 mg/kg 30 min before each antibiotic dose. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered s.c. at 2, 10, and 18 h after inoculation. Samples were obtained from the middle ear (ME) on day 2 after inoculation for bacterial count. The overall results showed no difference between animals that received acetaminophen, with or without antibiotics, and those that did not receive acetaminophen. The antibiotic concentrations in the ME were practically identical in both groups of animals, so acetaminophen did not interfere with the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the ME. However, both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive and the bacterial concentration in ME samples when compared with antibiotic-untreated animals. Both antibiotics, whether combined with acetaminophen or not, lowered the number of AOM to 75% of animals presented otitis media with effusion, and no differences were shown between groups. A high rate of bacterial eradication from the ME correlated with antibiotic serum concentrations being over the MIC of the infecting organism for only >15% of the dose interval and with an ME concentration exceeding the MIC by a factor of 1.7. In this experimental Model, acetaminophen had neither a synergistic nor an antagonistic effect on the antibiotics tested.
-
Is it possible to achieve bacterial eradication in otitis media with effusion by empirical antibiotic high doses and concomitant administration of acetaminophen? A microbiological and pharmacological study in the Gerbil Model.
International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2003Co-Authors: Araceli Parra, Carmen Ponte, Carlos Cenjor, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Marta Garcı́a-olmos, Francisco SorianoAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of amoxycillin–clavulanic acid (10 and 15 mg/kg amoxycillin) and erythromycin (20 and 50 mg/kg) was assessed in a Gerbil Model of otitis media with effusion induced by β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae. Animals were divided into groups receiving acetaminophen concomitantly or not receiving it. Treatment started 2 h post-middle ear inoculation and continued t.i.d. for up to three doses. Middle ear samples were obtained on day 2 post-inoculation. Amoxycillin–clavulanic acid showed significantly higher efficacy than erythromycin, regardless of acetaminophen administration (P
-
Optimal Dose of Amoxicillin in Treatment of Otitis Media Caused by a Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococcus Strain in the Gerbil Model
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2002Co-Authors: Araceli Parra, Carmen Ponte, Carlos Cenjor, Gloria García-calvo, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, Francisco SorianoAbstract:Amoxicillin at doses of 0.2 to 5 mg/kg of body weight was administered for the treatment of pneumococcal otitis media in a Gerbil Model. Doses greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg, which resulted in concentrations in middle ear fluid of ≥1.4 μg/ml and concentrations in serum higher than the MIC (1 μg/ml) for ≥14% of the dosing interval, were both clinically and bacteriologically effective.
-
Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the Development of Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion in a Gerbil Model
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2000Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, Araceli Parra, Carlos Cenjor, Gloria García-calvo, María José Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar, E. Nieto, Carmen PonteAbstract:The efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefuroxime was determined in a Gerbil Model of otitis media with a mixed Streptococcus pneumoniae plus Haemophilus influenzae middle ear (ME) infection. Results were compared with those obtained in a previous single H. influenzae Model. All untreated animals inoculated with the mixed inoculum developed acute otitis media (AOM), whereas 86.7% of those inoculated with H. influenzae developed otitis media with effusion (OME). Antibiotics eradicated H. influenzae from the ME more efficiently in AOM than in OME, and this difference was highly significant (P 80% of animals developed culture-negative OME.