The Experts below are selected from a list of 1005 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Sharlene D Newman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is arithmetic embodied differential interference of sequential finger tapping on addition during a dual task paradigm
    Cognitive Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Firat Soylu, Sharlene D Newman
    Abstract:

    Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm Firat Soylu (fsoylu@indiana.edu) Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington W. W. Wright Education Building, Room 2276, 201 North Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Sharlene D. Newman (sdnewman@indiana.edu) The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract We propose that the unique ability of humans to have separate mental representations for each finger and to move them in different sequential orders were redeployed for arithmetic. We tested our hypothesis with a behavioral dual-task experiment, where subjects (N=46) solved addition problems (primary task) and performed a sentence comprehension task (control task), while concurrently tapping their fingers (secondary task). We examined two sequential finger tapping tasks: one that was more automatic and followed the anatomical finger order (simple) and one that relied heavily on sequence processing (complex). The results revealed that both simple and complex finger tapping differentially interfered with addition compared to sentence comprehension. These results provide support for a finger-based representation of numbers and shared use of sequence processing resources for finger movements and addition. Keywords: fingers; embodied cognition; mathematical cognition; arithmetic; number processing; dual task; sequence processing The Relationship Between Fingers and Number Processing A relation between fingers and number processing was first formulated in 1924 when Josef Gerstmann diagnosed a condition, now named Gerstmann’s Syndrome, with four co- occurring symptoms: finger agnosia (loss of finger sense), acalculia (inability to carry out simple mathematical calculations), left-right disorientation and agraphia (inability to write). Gerstmann found that the condition was most commonly due to a lesion in the left angular gyrus (Gerstmann, 1940). He believed that the main symptom was finger agnosia, a specific type of body schema impairment (autopagnosia) affecting the mental representation of hands and fingers. He proposed that the loss of finger sense combined with the left-right disorientation caused acalculia,(Butterworth, 1999, p. 219). There have been a number of studies reporting data to support Gerstmann’s theory. For example, a study examining patients with tumors in and around the angular gyrus found that these patients had impairments in writing, calculating, and finger recognition (Roux, Boetto, Sacko, Chollet, & Tremoulet, 2003). Also, in an rTMS study of healthy subjects it was found that disruption of the left angular gyrus impaired access to the finger schema and number magnitude processing (Rusconi, Walsh, & Butterworth, 2005). Additionally, a series of behavioral studies have consistently shown that finger gnosia in younger children is a predictor of numerical abilities; pointing to a functional relation between finger representation and number processing (Noel, 2005; Penner-Wilger et al., 2007). While there is evidence to support Gerstmann’s theory, an opposing theory suggests that acalculia in Gerstmann’s Syndrome is due to an impairment in mental manipulation of images and not to a deficit in the representation of hands and fingers (Mayer et al., 1999). In a study with healthy patients rTMS to the angular gyrus disrupted both a visual search and a number comparison task (Gobel, Walsh, & Rushworth, 2001). However, this finding only partially supports the opposing theory because the effects of rTMS on finger schema representation were not tested. The question of whether acalculia in Gerstmann Syndrome is due to finger representation or visuo-spatial processing impairments characterizes a general discussion: To what extent is number representation body-based? Fischer (2008) explored whether finger-counting habits interact with the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect, which is an association of small numbers with the left visual field and big numbers with the right visual field (Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). The results revealed that subjects who are left-starters show a SNARC effect significantly more than right-starters. Di Luca, Grana, Semenza, Seron and Pesenti (2006) asked subjects to identify Arabic digits by pressing one of 10 keys with all 10 fingers. The configuration of response buttons varied both in terms of the global direction of the hand-digit mapping and the direction of the finger-digit mapping within each hand, from small to large digits or vice versa. The results showed that subjects performed better when there was a congruency between the reported finger- counting strategy of the subject and the mapping of the response buttons. Both studies (Di Luca, et al., 2006; Fischer, 2008) provide evidence for the dominance of a finger-based number representation compared to a spatial one. Although arithmetic, and more generally number processing, involves sequential manipulation of numbers the role of sequence processing in number processing is not well understood. Neuroimaging evidence suggests a relation

  • CogSci - Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm
    Cognitive Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Firat Soylu, Sharlene D Newman
    Abstract:

    Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm Firat Soylu (fsoylu@indiana.edu) Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington W. W. Wright Education Building, Room 2276, 201 North Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Sharlene D. Newman (sdnewman@indiana.edu) The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract We propose that the unique ability of humans to have separate mental representations for each finger and to move them in different sequential orders were redeployed for arithmetic. We tested our hypothesis with a behavioral dual-task experiment, where subjects (N=46) solved addition problems (primary task) and performed a sentence comprehension task (control task), while concurrently tapping their fingers (secondary task). We examined two sequential finger tapping tasks: one that was more automatic and followed the anatomical finger order (simple) and one that relied heavily on sequence processing (complex). The results revealed that both simple and complex finger tapping differentially interfered with addition compared to sentence comprehension. These results provide support for a finger-based representation of numbers and shared use of sequence processing resources for finger movements and addition. Keywords: fingers; embodied cognition; mathematical cognition; arithmetic; number processing; dual task; sequence processing The Relationship Between Fingers and Number Processing A relation between fingers and number processing was first formulated in 1924 when Josef Gerstmann diagnosed a condition, now named Gerstmann’s Syndrome, with four co- occurring symptoms: finger agnosia (loss of finger sense), acalculia (inability to carry out simple mathematical calculations), left-right disorientation and agraphia (inability to write). Gerstmann found that the condition was most commonly due to a lesion in the left angular gyrus (Gerstmann, 1940). He believed that the main symptom was finger agnosia, a specific type of body schema impairment (autopagnosia) affecting the mental representation of hands and fingers. He proposed that the loss of finger sense combined with the left-right disorientation caused acalculia,(Butterworth, 1999, p. 219). There have been a number of studies reporting data to support Gerstmann’s theory. For example, a study examining patients with tumors in and around the angular gyrus found that these patients had impairments in writing, calculating, and finger recognition (Roux, Boetto, Sacko, Chollet, & Tremoulet, 2003). Also, in an rTMS study of healthy subjects it was found that disruption of the left angular gyrus impaired access to the finger schema and number magnitude processing (Rusconi, Walsh, & Butterworth, 2005). Additionally, a series of behavioral studies have consistently shown that finger gnosia in younger children is a predictor of numerical abilities; pointing to a functional relation between finger representation and number processing (Noel, 2005; Penner-Wilger et al., 2007). While there is evidence to support Gerstmann’s theory, an opposing theory suggests that acalculia in Gerstmann’s Syndrome is due to an impairment in mental manipulation of images and not to a deficit in the representation of hands and fingers (Mayer et al., 1999). In a study with healthy patients rTMS to the angular gyrus disrupted both a visual search and a number comparison task (Gobel, Walsh, & Rushworth, 2001). However, this finding only partially supports the opposing theory because the effects of rTMS on finger schema representation were not tested. The question of whether acalculia in Gerstmann Syndrome is due to finger representation or visuo-spatial processing impairments characterizes a general discussion: To what extent is number representation body-based? Fischer (2008) explored whether finger-counting habits interact with the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect, which is an association of small numbers with the left visual field and big numbers with the right visual field (Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). The results revealed that subjects who are left-starters show a SNARC effect significantly more than right-starters. Di Luca, Grana, Semenza, Seron and Pesenti (2006) asked subjects to identify Arabic digits by pressing one of 10 keys with all 10 fingers. The configuration of response buttons varied both in terms of the global direction of the hand-digit mapping and the direction of the finger-digit mapping within each hand, from small to large digits or vice versa. The results showed that subjects performed better when there was a congruency between the reported finger- counting strategy of the subject and the mapping of the response buttons. Both studies (Di Luca, et al., 2006; Fischer, 2008) provide evidence for the dominance of a finger-based number representation compared to a spatial one. Although arithmetic, and more generally number processing, involves sequential manipulation of numbers the role of sequence processing in number processing is not well understood. Neuroimaging evidence suggests a relation

Firat Soylu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is arithmetic embodied differential interference of sequential finger tapping on addition during a dual task paradigm
    Cognitive Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Firat Soylu, Sharlene D Newman
    Abstract:

    Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm Firat Soylu (fsoylu@indiana.edu) Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington W. W. Wright Education Building, Room 2276, 201 North Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Sharlene D. Newman (sdnewman@indiana.edu) The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract We propose that the unique ability of humans to have separate mental representations for each finger and to move them in different sequential orders were redeployed for arithmetic. We tested our hypothesis with a behavioral dual-task experiment, where subjects (N=46) solved addition problems (primary task) and performed a sentence comprehension task (control task), while concurrently tapping their fingers (secondary task). We examined two sequential finger tapping tasks: one that was more automatic and followed the anatomical finger order (simple) and one that relied heavily on sequence processing (complex). The results revealed that both simple and complex finger tapping differentially interfered with addition compared to sentence comprehension. These results provide support for a finger-based representation of numbers and shared use of sequence processing resources for finger movements and addition. Keywords: fingers; embodied cognition; mathematical cognition; arithmetic; number processing; dual task; sequence processing The Relationship Between Fingers and Number Processing A relation between fingers and number processing was first formulated in 1924 when Josef Gerstmann diagnosed a condition, now named Gerstmann’s Syndrome, with four co- occurring symptoms: finger agnosia (loss of finger sense), acalculia (inability to carry out simple mathematical calculations), left-right disorientation and agraphia (inability to write). Gerstmann found that the condition was most commonly due to a lesion in the left angular gyrus (Gerstmann, 1940). He believed that the main symptom was finger agnosia, a specific type of body schema impairment (autopagnosia) affecting the mental representation of hands and fingers. He proposed that the loss of finger sense combined with the left-right disorientation caused acalculia,(Butterworth, 1999, p. 219). There have been a number of studies reporting data to support Gerstmann’s theory. For example, a study examining patients with tumors in and around the angular gyrus found that these patients had impairments in writing, calculating, and finger recognition (Roux, Boetto, Sacko, Chollet, & Tremoulet, 2003). Also, in an rTMS study of healthy subjects it was found that disruption of the left angular gyrus impaired access to the finger schema and number magnitude processing (Rusconi, Walsh, & Butterworth, 2005). Additionally, a series of behavioral studies have consistently shown that finger gnosia in younger children is a predictor of numerical abilities; pointing to a functional relation between finger representation and number processing (Noel, 2005; Penner-Wilger et al., 2007). While there is evidence to support Gerstmann’s theory, an opposing theory suggests that acalculia in Gerstmann’s Syndrome is due to an impairment in mental manipulation of images and not to a deficit in the representation of hands and fingers (Mayer et al., 1999). In a study with healthy patients rTMS to the angular gyrus disrupted both a visual search and a number comparison task (Gobel, Walsh, & Rushworth, 2001). However, this finding only partially supports the opposing theory because the effects of rTMS on finger schema representation were not tested. The question of whether acalculia in Gerstmann Syndrome is due to finger representation or visuo-spatial processing impairments characterizes a general discussion: To what extent is number representation body-based? Fischer (2008) explored whether finger-counting habits interact with the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect, which is an association of small numbers with the left visual field and big numbers with the right visual field (Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). The results revealed that subjects who are left-starters show a SNARC effect significantly more than right-starters. Di Luca, Grana, Semenza, Seron and Pesenti (2006) asked subjects to identify Arabic digits by pressing one of 10 keys with all 10 fingers. The configuration of response buttons varied both in terms of the global direction of the hand-digit mapping and the direction of the finger-digit mapping within each hand, from small to large digits or vice versa. The results showed that subjects performed better when there was a congruency between the reported finger- counting strategy of the subject and the mapping of the response buttons. Both studies (Di Luca, et al., 2006; Fischer, 2008) provide evidence for the dominance of a finger-based number representation compared to a spatial one. Although arithmetic, and more generally number processing, involves sequential manipulation of numbers the role of sequence processing in number processing is not well understood. Neuroimaging evidence suggests a relation

  • CogSci - Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm
    Cognitive Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Firat Soylu, Sharlene D Newman
    Abstract:

    Is Arithmetic Embodied? Differential Interference of Sequential Finger Tapping on Addition during a Dual Task Paradigm Firat Soylu (fsoylu@indiana.edu) Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington W. W. Wright Education Building, Room 2276, 201 North Rose Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Sharlene D. Newman (sdnewman@indiana.edu) The Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract We propose that the unique ability of humans to have separate mental representations for each finger and to move them in different sequential orders were redeployed for arithmetic. We tested our hypothesis with a behavioral dual-task experiment, where subjects (N=46) solved addition problems (primary task) and performed a sentence comprehension task (control task), while concurrently tapping their fingers (secondary task). We examined two sequential finger tapping tasks: one that was more automatic and followed the anatomical finger order (simple) and one that relied heavily on sequence processing (complex). The results revealed that both simple and complex finger tapping differentially interfered with addition compared to sentence comprehension. These results provide support for a finger-based representation of numbers and shared use of sequence processing resources for finger movements and addition. Keywords: fingers; embodied cognition; mathematical cognition; arithmetic; number processing; dual task; sequence processing The Relationship Between Fingers and Number Processing A relation between fingers and number processing was first formulated in 1924 when Josef Gerstmann diagnosed a condition, now named Gerstmann’s Syndrome, with four co- occurring symptoms: finger agnosia (loss of finger sense), acalculia (inability to carry out simple mathematical calculations), left-right disorientation and agraphia (inability to write). Gerstmann found that the condition was most commonly due to a lesion in the left angular gyrus (Gerstmann, 1940). He believed that the main symptom was finger agnosia, a specific type of body schema impairment (autopagnosia) affecting the mental representation of hands and fingers. He proposed that the loss of finger sense combined with the left-right disorientation caused acalculia,(Butterworth, 1999, p. 219). There have been a number of studies reporting data to support Gerstmann’s theory. For example, a study examining patients with tumors in and around the angular gyrus found that these patients had impairments in writing, calculating, and finger recognition (Roux, Boetto, Sacko, Chollet, & Tremoulet, 2003). Also, in an rTMS study of healthy subjects it was found that disruption of the left angular gyrus impaired access to the finger schema and number magnitude processing (Rusconi, Walsh, & Butterworth, 2005). Additionally, a series of behavioral studies have consistently shown that finger gnosia in younger children is a predictor of numerical abilities; pointing to a functional relation between finger representation and number processing (Noel, 2005; Penner-Wilger et al., 2007). While there is evidence to support Gerstmann’s theory, an opposing theory suggests that acalculia in Gerstmann’s Syndrome is due to an impairment in mental manipulation of images and not to a deficit in the representation of hands and fingers (Mayer et al., 1999). In a study with healthy patients rTMS to the angular gyrus disrupted both a visual search and a number comparison task (Gobel, Walsh, & Rushworth, 2001). However, this finding only partially supports the opposing theory because the effects of rTMS on finger schema representation were not tested. The question of whether acalculia in Gerstmann Syndrome is due to finger representation or visuo-spatial processing impairments characterizes a general discussion: To what extent is number representation body-based? Fischer (2008) explored whether finger-counting habits interact with the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect, which is an association of small numbers with the left visual field and big numbers with the right visual field (Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). The results revealed that subjects who are left-starters show a SNARC effect significantly more than right-starters. Di Luca, Grana, Semenza, Seron and Pesenti (2006) asked subjects to identify Arabic digits by pressing one of 10 keys with all 10 fingers. The configuration of response buttons varied both in terms of the global direction of the hand-digit mapping and the direction of the finger-digit mapping within each hand, from small to large digits or vice versa. The results showed that subjects performed better when there was a congruency between the reported finger- counting strategy of the subject and the mapping of the response buttons. Both studies (Di Luca, et al., 2006; Fischer, 2008) provide evidence for the dominance of a finger-based number representation compared to a spatial one. Although arithmetic, and more generally number processing, involves sequential manipulation of numbers the role of sequence processing in number processing is not well understood. Neuroimaging evidence suggests a relation

Klaus W. Lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SHORT REPORT Toe agnosia in Gerstmann Syndrome
    2016
    Co-Authors: Oliver Tucha, Anne Steup, Christian Smely, Klaus W. Lange
    Abstract:

    The following case report presents a patient exhibiting Gerstmann Syndrome accompanied by toe agnosia. A 72 year old right handed woman had a focal lesion in the angular gyrus of the left hemisphere which was caused by a glioblastoma multiforme. The first symptom she had complained of was severe headache. Standardised neuropsychological tests of intelligence, memory, attention, fluency, apraxia, and language functions as well as tests for the assessment of agraphia, acal-culia, right-left disorientation, and digit agnosia were performed. The patient displayed all four symptoms of the Gerst-mann Syndrome—namely, agraphia, acal-culia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia. The patient did not display apha-sia, constructional apraxia, or any other neuropsychological impairment. In addi-tion to the four symptoms of the Gerst-mann Syndrome an agnosia of the toes was found. Further studies should determine whether finger agnosia in Gerstmann syn-drome is usually accompanied by toe agnosia. Finger agnosia in the context of this Syndrome may be better named digit agnosia

  • Toe agnosia in Gerstmann Syndrome
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Oliver Tucha, Anne Steup, Christian Smely, Klaus W. Lange
    Abstract:

    The following case report presents a patient exhibiting Gerstmann Syndrome accompanied by toe agnosia. A 72 year old right handed woman had a focal lesion in the angular gyrus of the left hemisphere which was caused by a glioblastoma multiforme. The first symptom she had complained of was severe headache. Standardised neuropsychological tests of intelligence, memory, attention, fluency, apraxia, and language functions as well as tests for the assessment of agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, and digit agnosia were performed. The patient displayed all four symptoms of the Gerstmann Syndrome—namely, agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia. The patient did not display aphasia, constructional apraxia, or any other neuropsychological impairment. In addition to the four symptoms of the Gerstmann Syndrome an agnosia of the toes was found. Further studies should determine whether finger agnosia in Gerstmann Syndrome is usually accompanied by toe agnosia. Finger agnosia in the context of this Syndrome may be better named digit agnosia.

Jean-marie Annoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pure global acalculia following a left subangular lesion.
    Neurocase, 2003
    Co-Authors: Marie-dominique Martory, Eugène Mayer, Alan J. Pegna, Jean-marie Annoni, Theodor Landis, Asaid Khateb
    Abstract:

    We describe the case of a right-handed patient who presented a severe acalculia in the context of a pure Gerstmann Syndrome following a subangular lesion that spared the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The patient showed impairments in Arabic and verbal codes, in number production and comprehension, as well as in numerical facts and problem solving. By using the EC301 calculation battery, semantic and syntactic tasks in Arabic and verbal codes, we tested the different hypotheses raised by the cognitive neuropsychological models of acalculia. The patients' difficulties, which were not associated with a general intellectual deterioration, and those affecting number processing as a particular semantic class, were indicative of a "global acalculia". This deficit, which exceeded the anarithmetia usually described in Gerstmann Syndrome following left IPL lesion, suggested that the isolation of this area may constitute a sufficient condition for producing such a global acalculia. These results are discussed in terms of a disorder in the manipulation of mental images of spatially related objects.

  • A pure case of Gerstmann Syndrome with a subangular lesion.
    Brain, 1999
    Co-Authors: Eugène Mayer, Marie-dominique Martory, Alan J. Pegna, Theodor Landis, Jacqueline Delavelle, Jean-marie Annoni
    Abstract:

    Summary The four symptoms composing Gerstmann's Syndrome were postulated to result from a common cognitive denominator (Grundstorung) by Gerstmann himself. He suggested that it is a disorder of the body schema restricted to the hand and fingers. The existence of a Grundstorung has since been contested. Here we suggest that a common psychoneurological factor does exist, but should be related to transformations of mental images rather than to the body schema. A patient (H.P.) was studied, who presented the four symptoms of Gerstmann's Syndrome in the absence of any other neuropsychological disorders. MRI showed a focal ischaemic lesion, situated subcortically in the inferior part of the left angular gyrus and reaching the superior posterior region of T1. The cortical layers were spared and the lesion was seen to extend to the

Youngsoon Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Posterior Cortical Atrophy with Acute Onset and Rapid Progressive Visual Symptoms: A Case Report
    Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders, 2015
    Co-Authors: In Ha Hwang, Kyum Il Kwon, Youngsoon Yang
    Abstract:

    Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare degenerative disease with unknown cause. In 1988, Benson et al.1 reported some patients whose cerebral images showed significant atrophy of the parieto-occipital region with progressive dementia and cortical visual dysfunction. They named this disease as PCA based on image findings. Since PCA is most often associated with the pathological findings of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), some people consider PCA as a visual variant of AD. Because PCA invades the posterior cerebral cortex, Gerstmann Syndrome, Balint Syndrome, and trans-cortical sensory aphasia may occur along with visual agnosia that occurs relatively early.2,3 Here we report a patient who visited our hospital with complaints of only visual symptom that rapidly progressed. We diagnosed it as PCA through clinical findings, image examinations, and other evidences. CASE REPORT