The Experts below are selected from a list of 36645 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yuanchun Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children with a 7 repeat allele of the dopamine receptor d4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical Neuropsychological Tests of attention
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000Co-Authors: Yuanchun Ding, Pamela Flodman, Anne M Spence, Sabrina Schuck, James M Swanson, Jaap Oosterlaan, Michael Andrew Murias, Michael WasdellAbstract:An association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated and replicated by multiple investigators. A specific allele [the 7-repeat of a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3] has been proposed as an etiological factor in attentional deficits manifested in some children diagnosed with this disorder. In the current study, we evaluated ADHD subgroups defined by the presence or absence of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene, using Neuropsychological Tests with reaction time measures designed to probe attentional networks with neuroanatomical foci in D4-rich brain regions. Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses). This was opposite the primary prediction of the study. The 7-present subgroup seemed to be free of some of the Neuropsychological abnormalities thought to characterize ADHD.
David Yates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging seen acutely following mild traumatic brain injury correlation with Neuropsychological Tests and delayed recovery
Neuroradiology, 2004Co-Authors: D G Hughes, Alan Jackson, Damon L Mason, Elizabeth Berry, Sally Hollis, David YatesAbstract:Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a common reason for hospital attendance and is associated with significant delayed morbidity. We studied a series of 80 persons with MTBI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Neuropsychological testing were used in the acute phase and a questionnaire for post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and return to work status at 6 months. In 26 subjects abnormalities were seen on MRI, of which 5 were definitely traumatic. There was weak correlation with abnormal Neuropsychological Tests for attention in the acute period. There was no significant correlation with a questionnaire for PCS and return to work status. Although non-specific abnormalities are frequently seen, standard MRI techniques are not helpful in identifying patients with MTBI who are likely to have delayed recovery.
Marc M Budge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensitivity and specificity of Neuropsychological Tests for mild cognitive impairment vascular cognitive impairment and alzheimer s disease
Psychological Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: C A De Jager, Eef Hogervorst, Marc Combrinck, Marc M BudgeAbstract:Background. Early diagnosis of dementia is important for those who might benefit from treatment. We designed a brief comprehensive Neuropsychological test battery to help differentiate control subjects from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.Method. The battery included Tests of memory, attention, executive function, speed, perception and visuospatial skills. It was administered to subjects from the OPTIMA cohort: 51 controls, 29 with MCI, 60 with ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ Alzheimer's disease (AD) (NINCDS/ADRDA) and 12 with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to compare performance of controls with other diagnostic groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tests were determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses. The effects of age, gender and years of education on test performance were determined with Spearman's rank correlations.Results. The AD group performed worse than controls on all Tests except an attention task. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and The Placing Test for episodic memory showed significant discriminative capacity between controls and other groups. Attention and processing speed Tests discriminated CVD from controls. Category fluency, episodic memory Tests and the CLOX test for executive function distinguished MCI from AD. Spearman's correlations showed negative associations between age and processing speed. Years of education affected performance on all Tests, except The Placing Test.Conclusions. Certain Neuropsychological Tests have been shown to be sensitive and specific in the differential diagnosis of various types of dementia and may prove to be useful for detection of MCI.
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early detection of isolated memory deficits in the elderly the need for more sensitive Neuropsychological Tests
Psychological Medicine, 2002Co-Authors: C A De Jager, E Milwain, Marc M BudgeAbstract:Background. Early detection of cognitive decline in the elderly is important because this may precede progression to Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to see whether sensitive Neuropsychological Tests could identify pre-clinical cognitive deficits and to characterize the cognitive profile of a subgroup with poor memory. Methods. A Neuropsychological test battery was administered to a community-dwelling sample of 155 elderly volunteers who were screened with CAMCOG at enrolment (mean age 74·7 years). The battery included Tests of episodic memory, semantic and working memory, language and processing speed. Results. Episodic memory test z scores below 1 S.D . from the cohort mean identified 25 subjects with ‘non-robust’ memory performance. This group was compared to the remaining ‘robust memory’ group with a General Linear Model controlling for age, IQ, education and gender. Test performance was significantly different in all Tests for episodic and semantic memory, but not in Tests for working memory, processing speed and language. CANTAB paired associates learning and spatial recognition Tests identified the highest percentages of those in the ‘non-robust memory’ group. Processing speed partialled out the age effect on memory performance for the whole cohort, but the ‘non-robust memory’ group's performance was not associated with age or processing speed. Conclusions. Sensitive Neuropsychological Tests can detect performance below the norm in elderly people whose performance on MMSE and CAMCOG Tests is well within the normal range. Age-related decline in memory performance in a cohort of the elderly may be largely due to inclusion within the cohort of individuals with undetected pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease or isolated memory impairment.
Caroline Dubertret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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minimum clinically important differences for the functioning assessment short test and a battery of Neuropsychological Tests in bipolar disorders results from the face bd cohort
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Paul Roux, Eric Brunetgouet, Mickael Ehrminger, Bruno Aouizerate, Valerie Aubin, J M Azorin, F Bellivier, T Bougerol, P Courtet, Caroline DubertretAbstract:AimsEstablishing the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in functioning and cognition is essential to the interpretation of the research and clinical work conducted in bipolar disorders (BD). The present study aimed to estimate the MCID for the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and a battery of Neuropsychological Tests in BD.MethodsAnchor-based and distributive methods were used to estimate the MCID for the FAST and cognition using data from a large, multicentre, observational cohort of individuals with BD. The FAST and cognition were linked with the Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity (CGI-S) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) using an equipercentile method. The magnitude of the standard error measurement (s.e.m.) provided another estimate of the MCID.ResultsIn total, 570 participants were followed for 2 years. Cross-sectional CGI-S and GAF scores were linked to a threshold ⩽7 on the FAST for functional remission. The MCID for the FAST equalled 8- or 9-points change from baseline using the CGI-S and GAF. One s.e.m. on the FAST corresponded to 7.6-points change from baseline. Cognitive variables insufficiently correlated with anchor variables (all ρ <0.3). One s.e.m. for cognitive variables corresponded to a range of 0.45 to 0.93-s.d. change from baseline.ConclusionsThese findings support the value of the estimated MCID for the FAST and cognition and may be a useful tool to evaluate cognitive and functional remediation effects and improve patient functional outcomes in BD. The CGI-S and GAF were inappropriate anchors for cognition. Further studies may use performance-based measures of functioning instead.
Solko W Schalm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the diagnosis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis using Neuropsychological Tests and automated electroencephalogram analysis
Hepatology, 1996Co-Authors: Juan C Quero, Ieneke J C Hartmann, Jan Meulstee, Wim C J Hop, Solko W SchalmAbstract:Neuropsychological Tests used for the assessment of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (SHE) may overdiagnose SHE because scores are usually not corrected for age. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SHE using two easy administrable psychometric Tests (Number Connection Test part A [NCT-A], Symbol Digit Test [SDT]) with age-related normal values. In addition, spectral electroencephalogram (EEG) was used, which is the in-house electrophysiological method for quantifying encephalopathy. One hundred and thirty-seven consecutive patients (mean age 49 years, range 17-77) with cirrhosis without any clinical signs of encephalopathy, were screened for SHE. In addition, the Child-Pugh score and the arterial blood ammonia were determined. Patients with concurrent use of alcohol, benzodiazepines or anti-epileptics were excluded. Fifty percent of the patients had an abnormal NCT according to the standard recommended procedure, in contrast only 7% of the patients had an abnormal NCT when scores corrected for age were used. Combining the results of the spectral EEG and the psychometric Tests corrected for age yielded a higher prevalence of SHE (23%) than when each test method was used alone (17% vs. 10% abnormal, respectively). Severity of liver disease correlated with the presence of SHE, because the prevalence of abnormal Tests increased from 14% in Child-Pugh grade A to 45% in Child-Pugh grade B or C. Age above 40 years and an elevated blood ammonia level were significant determinants related to an abnormal EEG. We conclude that the NCT uncorrected for age markedly overdiagnoses SHE and, therefore, should not be used as a test for the screening of SHE. Using a combination of spectral EEG and two psychometric Tests with age-corrected normal values a low prevalence of SHE in patients with Child A liver cirrhosis is found. Older patients with an elevated arterial ammonia are more prone to develop SHE than younger patients with an equal arterial ammonia concentration.
