The Experts below are selected from a list of 1932 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jinxing Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic types of the alkane Gases in Giant Gas Fields with proven reserves over 1000 108m3 in china
Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2014Co-Authors: Jinxing Dai, Deyu GongAbstract:By the end of 2011, 20 Giant Gas Fields with proven reserves over 1000×108m3 had been discovered in 7 sedimentary basins in China. Based on the molecular and the carbon isotopic compositions of the alkane Gases in these Gas Fields, in combination with the δ13C1-δ13C2-δ13C3 and δ13C1-C1/C2+3 identification diagrams, the origin of the alkane Gases in these 20 Giant Gas Fields are discussed: the alkane Gases in Sulige, Daniudi, Yulin, Zizhou, Wushenqi, Hechuan, Guang'an, Anyue, Yuanba, Xinchang, Kela2, Dina2, Dongfang1-1 and Kelameili Giant Gas Fields are mainly coal-derived; the alkane Gases in Tazhong1 and Datianchi Giant Gas Fields are oil-derived; the alkane Gases in Tainan Giant Gas field are bacterial Gases; the alkane Gases in Jingbian Giant Gas field are mixed Gases mainly composed of coal-derived Gases supplemented with a small quantity of oil-derived Gases; the alkane Gases in Puguang Giant Gas field are mixed Gases mainly composed of oil-derived Gases supplemented with a small quantity of coal-der...
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studies on Gas origin and Gas source correlation using stable carbon isotopes a case study of the Giant Gas Fields in the sichuan basin china
Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2014Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Jinxing Dai, Shipeng Huang, Fengrong Liao, Dijia Zhang, Ruiyin Chen, Tongshan WangAbstract:Sichuan basin is one of the most Gas rich basins in China. After more than 50 years' industrial exploration, about 15 Giant Gas Fields with Gas reserves over 300×108m3 have been found in this basin. A number of contributions have demonstrated that stable carbon isotopic composition and molecular compositions have great significance on the determination of Gas origin and Gas-source correlation of thermogenic Gases. We compiled 228 compositional data of Gas samples from the 15 Giant Gas Fields in the Sichuan basin to investigate the Gas origin and Gas-source correlation by the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions. Our results demonstrate that natural Gases in the Bajiaochang, Qiongxi, Luodai, Hechuan, Guang'an and Xinchang Gas Fields have positive carbon isotopic distribution pattern between C1-C4 alkanes (δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4) and are of coal-derived Gases sourced from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, while natural Gases from the Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang, the Jialingjiang F...
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geology of Giant Gas Fields in china
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2008Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Jinxing Dai, Shengfei Qin, Shizhen Tao, Weiwei Ding, Quanyou LiuAbstract:Twenty-five Gas Fields with recognized ultimate recoveries larger than 25 billion cubic meters have been found in six basins in China. The earliest was found in 1959 and the latest in 2005. Recognition of more recent discoveries as Giants will probably further increase the population. Examination of reservoir age, lithology, trap and depositional environment leads to the conclusion that there are no diagnostic characteristics common to all of the Giants. However, coaly source rocks, traps in close proximity to major Gas kitchens, reservoirs and caprocks with reasonable quality, late Gas accumulation and continuous Gas supply are the preferred parameters. Uncommonly thick reservoir rocks or unusual development of porosity and permeability are not required. The fact that Giant Gas Fields exist in reasonable numbers and have been discovered steadily through the years suggests that more efforts are needed to find the remaining Gas resources in China.
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stable carbon isotope compositions and source rock geochemistry of the Giant Gas accumulations in the ordos basin china
Organic Geochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Jinxing Dai, Xia Luo, Wenzheng Zhang, Jianmin GuoAbstract:Ordos Basin, the second largest sedimentary basin in China, contains enormous natural Gas resources. Each of the four Giant Gas Fields discovered so far in this basin (i.e., Sulige, Yulin, Wushenqi and Jingbian) has over 100 billion cubic meters (bcm) or 3.53 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of proven Gas reserves. This study examines the stable carbon isotope data of 125 Gas samples collected from the four Giant Gas Fields in the Ordos Basin. Source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic coal measures are suggested by the generally high δ13C values of C1–C4 Gaseous hydrocarbons in the Gases from the Sulige, Yulin and Wushenqi Gas Fields. While the δ13CiC4 value is higher than that of the δ13CnC4, the dominant ranges for the δ13C1, δ13C2, and δ13C3 values in these Upper Paleozoic reservoired Gases are −34 to −32‰, −27 to −23‰, and −25 to −24‰, respectively. The δ13C values of methane, benzene and toluene in Gases from the Lower Paleozoic reservoirs of the Jingbian field indicate a significant contribution from humic source rocks, as they are similar to those in the Upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Sulige, Yulin and Wushenqi Gas Fields. However, the wide variation and reversal in the δ13C1, δ13C2 and δ13C3 values in the Jinbian Gases cannot be explained using a single source scenario, thus the Gases were likely derived dominantly from the Carboniferous-Permian coal measures with some contribution from the carbonates in the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation. The Gas isotope data and extremely low total organic carbon contents (<0.2% TOC) suggest that the Ordovician Majiagou Formation carbonates are unlikely to be a significant Gas source rock, thus almost all of the economic Gas accumulations in the Ordos Basin were derived from Upper Paleozoic source rocks.
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main factors controlling the foundation of medium Giant Gas Fields in china
Science China-earth Sciences, 1997Co-Authors: Jinxing Dai, Yan Song, Houfu ZhangAbstract:Medium-Giant Gas Fields refer to those whose proved reserves are or more than 10 × 10 9 m3. Now, 30 such Fields have been found in China. The main controlling factors of their formation are as follows: Gas-generating center and its surroundings; traps related to paleo-uplift in the Gas-generating area; traps of medium-Giant size hidden in low-medium rank coal-bearing series and those above or beneath the coal measures; late reservoir formation; pore-type reservoir in Gas-generating area and well-developed regional cap rock.
Zhao Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Giant discoveries of oil and Gas Fields in global deepwaters in the past 40 years and the prospect of exploration
Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019Co-Authors: Gongcheng Zhang, Guojun Chen, Chong Zhao, Fenglian Zhang, Haizhang Yang, Zhao ZhaoAbstract:Abstract Deepwater exploration has been developed for more than 40 years since 1975; generally, its exploration history can be divided into the beginning stage (1975–1984), the early stage (1985–1995) and the rapid development stage (1996-now). Currently, deepwater areas have become the hotspot of global oil and Gas exploration, and they are also one of the most important Fields of oil and Gas increase in reserves and production all over the world. In 40 years, global deepwater oil and Gas discoveries are mainly distributed along five deepwater basin groups which are characterized by “three vertical and two horizontal” groups: (1) In deepwater basins of the Atlantic Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil are mainly concentrated in Brazil, West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico, and significant discoveries of natural Gas are mainly on the west coast of Norway in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean; (2) In deepwater basins of the East African continental margin, a group of Giant Gas Fields has been found in the Rovuma Basin and Tanzania Basin; (3) In deepwater basins of the West Pacific Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas are mainly concentrated in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian waters; (4) The deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys Region are rich in Gas, and the most important Gas discoveries are mainly distributed in the northwest shelf of Australia and the eastern Mediterranean; and (5) In deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole, major discoveries of oil and Gas have been only found in deepwater areas of the Barents sea. Global deepwater oil resources are mainly concentrated in the middle and south sections of the Atlantic Ocean. Deepwater Gas resources are relatively widely spread and mainly distributed in the northern part of Atlantic Ocean deepwater basins, the deepwater basins of East Africa, the deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys region and the deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole. There will be six domains for future oil-Gas exploration of global deepwater basins which are characterized by “two old and four new” domains; specifically, “two old” domains referring to the Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and offshore deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys structural domain, where the exploration degree is relatively high, and the potential is still great. While the “four new” domains stand for pre-salt and ultra deepwater basin formations, offshore deepwater basins surrounding the North Pole area and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins and the new Fields will be the main Fields of deepwater oil and Gas exploration in the future.
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Giant discoveries of oil and Gas Fields in global deepwaters in the past 40 years and the prospect of exploration
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Gongcheng Zhang, Guojun Chen, Chong Zhao, Fenglian Zhang, Haizhang Yang, Zhao ZhaoAbstract:Deepwater exploration has been developed for more than 40 years since 1975; generally, its exploration history can be divided into the beginning stage (1975–1984), the early stage (1985–1995) and the rapid development stage (1996-now). Currently, deepwater areas have become the hotspot of global oil and Gas exploration, and they are also one of the most important Fields of oil and Gas increase in reserves and production all over the world. In 40 years, global deepwater oil and Gas discoveries are mainly distributed along five deepwater basin groups which are characterized by “three vertical and two horizontal” groups: (1) In deepwater basins of the Atlantic Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil are mainly concentrated in Brazil, West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico, and significant discoveries of natural Gas are mainly on the west coast of Norway in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean; (2) In deepwater basins of the East African continental margin, a group of Giant Gas Fields has been found in the Rovuma Basin and Tanzania Basin; (3) In deepwater basins of the West Pacific Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas are mainly concentrated in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian waters; (4) The deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys Region are rich in Gas, and the most important Gas discoveries are mainly distributed in the northwest shelf of Australia and the eastern Mediterranean; and (5) In deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole, major discoveries of oil and Gas have been only found in deepwater areas of the Barents sea. Global deepwater oil resources are mainly concentrated in the middle and south sections of the Atlantic Ocean. Deepwater Gas resources are relatively widely spread and mainly distributed in the northern part of Atlantic Ocean deepwater basins, the deepwater basins of East Africa, the deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys region and the deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole. There will be six domains for future oil-Gas exploration of global deepwater basins which are characterized by “two old and four new” domains; specifically, “two old” domains referring to the Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and offshore deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys structural domain, where the exploration degree is relatively high, and the potential is still great. While the “four new” domains stand for pre-salt and ultra deepwater basin formations, offshore deepwater basins surrounding the North Pole area and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins and the new Fields will be the main Fields of deepwater oil and Gas exploration in the future. Keywords: Deepwater, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas, Brazil, West Africa, Gulf of Mexico, East Africa, Northwest shelf of Australia, Eastern mediterranean, New fiel
Kjell Aleklett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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european energy security an analysis of future russian natural Gas production and exports
Energy Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Bengt Soderbergh, Kristofer Jakobsson, Kjell AleklettAbstract:The widening gap between EU Gas production and consumption may require an 87% increase of import volumes between 2006 and 2030, and there are great uncertainties regarding the amounts of Gas that can be expected from new suppliers. The potential of increased production from Norway and Algeria is limited; hence, Russia is likely to play a crucial part of meeting the anticipated growing Gas demand of the EU. A field-by-field study of 83 Giant Gas Fields shows that the major producing Russian Gas Fields are in decline, and by 2013 much larger supplies from the Yamal Peninsula and the Shtokman field will be needed in order to avoid a decline in production. Gas from Fields in Eastern Siberia and the Far East will mainly be directed to the Asian and Pacific Rim markets, thereby limiting its relevance to the European and CIS markets. As a result, the maximum export increase to the European and CIS markets amounts only to about 45% for the period 2015-2030. The discourse surrounding the EU's dependence on Russian Gas should thus not only be concerned with geopolitics, but also with the issue of resource limitations.
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a crash programme scenario for the canadian oil sands industry
Energy Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Bengt Soderbergh, Fredrik Robelius, Kjell AleklettAbstract:The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects total natural Gas output in the EU to decrease from 216 billion cubic meters per year (bcm/year) in 2006 to 90 bcm/year in 2030. For the same period, EU demand for natural Gas is forecast to increase rapidly. In 2006 demand for natural Gas in the EU amounted to 532 bcm/year. By 2030, it is expected to reach 680 bcm/year. As a consequence, the widening gap between EU production and consumption requires a 90% increase of import volumes between 2006 and 2030. The main sources of imported Gas for the EU are Russia and Norway. Between them they accounted for 62% of the EU’s Gas imports in 2006. The objective of this thesis is to assess the potential future levels of Gas supplies to the EU from its two main suppliers, Norway and Russia. Scenarios for future natural Gas production potential for Norway and Russia have been modeled utilizing a bottom-up approach, building field-by-field, and individual modeling has been made for Giant and semi- Giant Gas Fields. In order to forecast the production profile for an individual Giant natural Gas field a Giant Gas Field Model (GGF-model) has been developed. The GGF-model has also been applied to production from an aggregate of Fields, such as production from small Fields and undiscovered resources. Energy security in the EU is heavily dependent on Gas supplies from a relatively small number of Giant Gas Fields. In Norway almost all production originates from 18 Fields of which 9 can be considered as Giant Fields. In Russia 36 Giant Fields account for essentially all Gas production. There is limited potential for increased Gas exports from Norway to the EU, and all of the scenarios investigated show Norwegian Gas production in decline by 2030. Norwegian pipeline Gas exports to the EU may even be, by 2030, 20 bcm/year lower than today’s level. The maximum increase in exports of Russian Gas supplies to the EU amount to only 45% by 2030. In real numbers this means a mere increase of about 70 bcm In addition, there are a number of potential downside factors for future Russian Gas supplies to the European markets. Consequently, a 90% increase of import volumes to the EU by 2030 will be impossible to achieve. From a European energy security perspective the dependence of pipeline Gas imports is not the only energy security problem to be in the limelight, the question of physical availability of overall Gas supplies deserves serious attention as well. There is a lively discussion regarding the geopolitical implications of European dependence on imported Gas from Russia. However, the results of this thesis suggest that when assessing the future Gas demand of the EU it would be of equal importance to be concerned about diminishing availability of global Gas supplies.
Gongcheng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Giant discoveries of oil and Gas Fields in global deepwaters in the past 40 years and the prospect of exploration
Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019Co-Authors: Gongcheng Zhang, Guojun Chen, Chong Zhao, Fenglian Zhang, Haizhang Yang, Zhao ZhaoAbstract:Abstract Deepwater exploration has been developed for more than 40 years since 1975; generally, its exploration history can be divided into the beginning stage (1975–1984), the early stage (1985–1995) and the rapid development stage (1996-now). Currently, deepwater areas have become the hotspot of global oil and Gas exploration, and they are also one of the most important Fields of oil and Gas increase in reserves and production all over the world. In 40 years, global deepwater oil and Gas discoveries are mainly distributed along five deepwater basin groups which are characterized by “three vertical and two horizontal” groups: (1) In deepwater basins of the Atlantic Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil are mainly concentrated in Brazil, West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico, and significant discoveries of natural Gas are mainly on the west coast of Norway in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean; (2) In deepwater basins of the East African continental margin, a group of Giant Gas Fields has been found in the Rovuma Basin and Tanzania Basin; (3) In deepwater basins of the West Pacific Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas are mainly concentrated in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian waters; (4) The deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys Region are rich in Gas, and the most important Gas discoveries are mainly distributed in the northwest shelf of Australia and the eastern Mediterranean; and (5) In deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole, major discoveries of oil and Gas have been only found in deepwater areas of the Barents sea. Global deepwater oil resources are mainly concentrated in the middle and south sections of the Atlantic Ocean. Deepwater Gas resources are relatively widely spread and mainly distributed in the northern part of Atlantic Ocean deepwater basins, the deepwater basins of East Africa, the deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys region and the deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole. There will be six domains for future oil-Gas exploration of global deepwater basins which are characterized by “two old and four new” domains; specifically, “two old” domains referring to the Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and offshore deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys structural domain, where the exploration degree is relatively high, and the potential is still great. While the “four new” domains stand for pre-salt and ultra deepwater basin formations, offshore deepwater basins surrounding the North Pole area and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins and the new Fields will be the main Fields of deepwater oil and Gas exploration in the future.
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Giant discoveries of oil and Gas Fields in global deepwaters in the past 40 years and the prospect of exploration
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Gongcheng Zhang, Guojun Chen, Chong Zhao, Fenglian Zhang, Haizhang Yang, Zhao ZhaoAbstract:Deepwater exploration has been developed for more than 40 years since 1975; generally, its exploration history can be divided into the beginning stage (1975–1984), the early stage (1985–1995) and the rapid development stage (1996-now). Currently, deepwater areas have become the hotspot of global oil and Gas exploration, and they are also one of the most important Fields of oil and Gas increase in reserves and production all over the world. In 40 years, global deepwater oil and Gas discoveries are mainly distributed along five deepwater basin groups which are characterized by “three vertical and two horizontal” groups: (1) In deepwater basins of the Atlantic Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil are mainly concentrated in Brazil, West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico, and significant discoveries of natural Gas are mainly on the west coast of Norway in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean; (2) In deepwater basins of the East African continental margin, a group of Giant Gas Fields has been found in the Rovuma Basin and Tanzania Basin; (3) In deepwater basins of the West Pacific Ocean, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas are mainly concentrated in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian waters; (4) The deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys Region are rich in Gas, and the most important Gas discoveries are mainly distributed in the northwest shelf of Australia and the eastern Mediterranean; and (5) In deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole, major discoveries of oil and Gas have been only found in deepwater areas of the Barents sea. Global deepwater oil resources are mainly concentrated in the middle and south sections of the Atlantic Ocean. Deepwater Gas resources are relatively widely spread and mainly distributed in the northern part of Atlantic Ocean deepwater basins, the deepwater basins of East Africa, the deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys region and the deepwater basins around the Arctic Pole. There will be six domains for future oil-Gas exploration of global deepwater basins which are characterized by “two old and four new” domains; specifically, “two old” domains referring to the Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and offshore deepwater basins of the Neo-Tethys structural domain, where the exploration degree is relatively high, and the potential is still great. While the “four new” domains stand for pre-salt and ultra deepwater basin formations, offshore deepwater basins surrounding the North Pole area and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins and the new Fields will be the main Fields of deepwater oil and Gas exploration in the future. Keywords: Deepwater, Giant discoveries of oil and Gas, Brazil, West Africa, Gulf of Mexico, East Africa, Northwest shelf of Australia, Eastern mediterranean, New fiel
Caineng Zou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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connotations of scientific development of Giant Gas Fields in china
Natural Gas Industry B, 2020Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Jianlin Guo, Ailin Jia, Yunsheng Wei, Haijun Yan, Chengye Jia, Haifa TangAbstract:Abstract A Giant Gas field refers to a Gas field with proved geological reserves of natural Gas more than 30 billion cubic meters, peak annual output of natural Gas more than 1 billion cubic meters, and a certain plateau period. It is an important foundation for the rapid growth of China's natural Gas reserves and production and its long-term stable development in the future. And it is also the key to ensure the security of Gas supply. By systematically analyzing the development practice of more than 260 Gas Fields at home and abroad and dissecting and simulating typical Gas Fields, this paper comprehensively studied the connotation, core technology and whole life cycle index system on the scientific development of Giant Gas Fields. It is indicated that the scientific development connotation of Giant Gas Fields consists of the following parts. First, the natural Gas development concept with “water identification, control and treatment” as the technical system is put forward. That is to carry out “water-control development” in conventional Gas Fields and hydraulic fracturing development in unconventional Gas Fields. A reasonable Gas production rate should be set according to the types and characteristics of Gas reservoirs. Second, economic and social benefits of Gas field development should be evaluated comprehensively to ensure its long-term stable production. Third, the suitable production stabilization mode shall be adopted according to the production characteristics of Gas wells and the development characteristics of reservoirs. Fourth, the recoverable reserves of a Gas field, the development laws of formation water and artificial water flooding, the ultimate recovery technological countermeasures of the Gas field, the cost-effective stable period of the Gas field should be determined based on the fine description of conventional and unconventional Gas reservoirs in different stages, the development characteristics of Gas reservoirs and the monitoring results of production performance. The core technologies in the scientific development of Giant Gas Fields include large-scale optimization technology, scientific well arrangement technology, balanced production technology and deep potential tapping technology. Based on this, several parameters are selected comprehensively as the key indexes for the scientific development of Giant Gas Fields, such as production rate, pressure drop, degree of reserves recovery and output per unit pressure drop, and the whole life cycle index systems for four types of Gas reservoirs are established, i.e., high-pressure Gas reservoirs, low-permeability and tight Gas reservoirs, fractured–porous reservoirs, and shale Gas reservoirs. In conclusion, the research results enrich and improve the theories of natural Gas development geology and are conducive to guiding the scientific development of different-type Giant Gas Fields, thus further promoting the rapid development of natural Gas industry in China.
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theory technology and prospects of conventional and unconventional natural Gas
Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Ailin Jia, Yunsheng Wei, Zhi Yang, H E Dongbo, Li Jian, Jianjun Chen, Qun Zhao, L I Yilong, L I JunAbstract:Abstract The development of natural Gas in China has entered a golden and leap-forward stage, which is a necessary bridge to clean energy. This in-depth study on the status quo, theory, technology and prospect of natural Gas development shows: (1) The global remaining proven recoverable reserves of natural Gas are 186×1012 m3 and the reserves-production ratio is 52.4, indicating a solid resource base for long-term and rapid development. (2) Ten formation and distribution laws of conventional and unconventional natural Gas reservoirs have been proposed. In terms of exploration geology, the theory of conventional “monolithic” Giant Gas Fields with different Gas sources, and an unconventional Gas accumulation theory with continuous distribution of “sweet areas” in different lithologic reservoirs have been established; in terms of development geology, a development theory of conventional structural Gas reservoirs is oriented to “controlling water intrusion”, while a development theory of unconventional Gas is concentrated on man-made Gas reservoirs. (3) With the geological resources (excluding hydrates) of 210×1012 m3 and the total proven rate of the resources less than 2% at present, the natural Gas in China will see a constant increase in reserve and production; by 2030, the proven geological reserves of natural Gas are expected to reach about (6 000− 7000)×108 m3 the production of conventional and unconventional natural Gas each will reach about 1 000×108 m3 and the Gas consumption will reach 5500×108 m3. The dependence on imported natural Gas may be 64% by 2030, and 70% by 2050. (4) Ten measures for future development of natural Gas have been proposed, including strengthening exploration in large-scale resource areas, increasing the development benefits of unconventional Gas, and enhancing the peak adjusting capacity of Gas storage and scale construction of liquified natural Gas.
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Theory, technology and prospects of conventional and unconventional natural Gas
KeAi Communications Co. Ltd., 2018Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Ailin Jia, Yunsheng Wei, Zhi Yang, Jianjun Chen, Qun ZhaoAbstract:The development of natural Gas in China has entered a golden and leap-forward stage, which is a necessary bridge to clean energy. This in-depth study on the status quo, theory, technology and prospect of natural Gas development shows: (1) The global remaining proven recoverable reserves of natural Gas are 186×1012 m3 and the reserves-production ratio is 52.4, indicating a solid resource base for long-term and rapid development. (2) Ten formation and distribution laws of conventional and unconventional natural Gas reservoirs have been proposed. In terms of exploration geology, the theory of conventional “monolithic” Giant Gas Fields with different Gas sources, and an unconventional Gas accumulation theory with continuous distribution of “sweet areas” in different lithologic reservoirs have been established; in terms of development geology, a development theory of conventional structural Gas reservoirs is oriented to “controlling water intrusion”, while a development theory of unconventional Gas is concentrated on man-made Gas reservoirs. (3) With the geological resources (excluding hydrates) of 210×1012 m3 and the total proven rate of the resources less than 2% at present, the natural Gas in China will see a constant increase in reserve and production; by 2030, the proven geological reserves of natural Gas are expected to reach about (6 000− 7000)×108 m3 the production of conventional and unconventional natural Gas each will reach about 1 000×108 m3 and the Gas consumption will reach 5500×108 m3. The dependence on imported natural Gas may be 64% by 2030, and 70% by 2050. (4) Ten measures for future development of natural Gas have been proposed, including strengthening exploration in large-scale resource areas, increasing the development benefits of unconventional Gas, and enhancing the peak adjusting capacity of Gas storage and scale construction of liquified natural Gas. Key words: natural Gas, Gas geology, conventional and unconventional Gas geology, shale Gas, tight Gas, man-made Gas reservoir, renewable energy, controlling water intrusion, LN
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studies on Gas origin and Gas source correlation using stable carbon isotopes a case study of the Giant Gas Fields in the sichuan basin china
Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2014Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Jinxing Dai, Shipeng Huang, Fengrong Liao, Dijia Zhang, Ruiyin Chen, Tongshan WangAbstract:Sichuan basin is one of the most Gas rich basins in China. After more than 50 years' industrial exploration, about 15 Giant Gas Fields with Gas reserves over 300×108m3 have been found in this basin. A number of contributions have demonstrated that stable carbon isotopic composition and molecular compositions have great significance on the determination of Gas origin and Gas-source correlation of thermogenic Gases. We compiled 228 compositional data of Gas samples from the 15 Giant Gas Fields in the Sichuan basin to investigate the Gas origin and Gas-source correlation by the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions. Our results demonstrate that natural Gases in the Bajiaochang, Qiongxi, Luodai, Hechuan, Guang'an and Xinchang Gas Fields have positive carbon isotopic distribution pattern between C1-C4 alkanes (δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4) and are of coal-derived Gases sourced from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, while natural Gases from the Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang, the Jialingjiang F...
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geology of Giant Gas Fields in china
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2008Co-Authors: Caineng Zou, Jinxing Dai, Shengfei Qin, Shizhen Tao, Weiwei Ding, Quanyou LiuAbstract:Twenty-five Gas Fields with recognized ultimate recoveries larger than 25 billion cubic meters have been found in six basins in China. The earliest was found in 1959 and the latest in 2005. Recognition of more recent discoveries as Giants will probably further increase the population. Examination of reservoir age, lithology, trap and depositional environment leads to the conclusion that there are no diagnostic characteristics common to all of the Giants. However, coaly source rocks, traps in close proximity to major Gas kitchens, reservoirs and caprocks with reasonable quality, late Gas accumulation and continuous Gas supply are the preferred parameters. Uncommonly thick reservoir rocks or unusual development of porosity and permeability are not required. The fact that Giant Gas Fields exist in reasonable numbers and have been discovered steadily through the years suggests that more efforts are needed to find the remaining Gas resources in China.