The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jian-jiang Zhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Jasmonic acid mediates gene transcription of ginsenoside biosynthesis in cell cultures of Panax notoGinseng treated with chemically synthesized 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
Process Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Feng-xian Hu, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract The highly efficient induction of ginsenoside biosynthesis of Panax notoGinseng cells by newly synthesized elicitors such as 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (HEJ, at 200 μM) was found previously. In this work, three cDNA fragments of genes encoding squalene synthase (SQS), squalene epoxidase (SE) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS) related to triterpene (including ginsenoside) biosynthesis were cloned from P. notoGinseng cells, and those genes’ transcription was investigated in the cell cultures elicited by HEJ. Upon HEJ or MJ treatment, the induction of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, up-regulation of SQS and SE genes and down-regulation of CAS gene were all observed. A JA biosynthetic inhibitor, diethydithiocarbamate, could effectively inhibit the JA biosynthesis and depress the HEJ-induced up-regulation of SQS and SE genes’ expression and down-regulation of CAS gene expression, and the ginsenoside biosynthesis was simultaneously inhibited. The results suggested that JA as a signal transducer played an important role in the ginsenoside biosynthesis by P. notoGinseng cells. The information is useful to further manipulation and understanding of Ginseng Saponin biosynthesis in plant cell cultures.
-
Scale‐Up of Centrifugal Impeller Bioreactor for Hyperproduction of Ginseng Saponin and Polysaccharide by High‐Density Cultivation of Panax notoGinseng Cells
Biotechnology progress, 2004Co-Authors: Zhanying Zhang, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Scale-up of a novel centrifugal impeller bioreactor (CIB) was demonstrated for production of valuable plant-specific secondary metabolites by high-density cell cultures. Initial kLa was identified to be a key factor affecting cell growth and production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide by high-density cultivation of Panax notoGinseng cells in a 3-L CIB. A high level of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide production was obtained at an initial kLa value of 30.2 h(-1). A maximum dry cell weight (DW) and production titer of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide reached 22.0 +/- 0.3, 1.5 +/- 0.1, and 2.7 +/- 0.2 g/L on day 15 with their corresponding productivity of 1140 +/- 42, 81 +/- 8, and 150 +/- 17 mg/(L.d), respectively. Based on initial kLa level, the CIB high-cell-density cultivation process was successfully scaled up from 3 L to 30 L. A maximum DW and production titer of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide in a 30-L CIB reached 25.5 +/- 0.5, 1.7 +/- 0.1, and 2.9 +/- 0.1 g/L (on day 15) at an initial kLa value of 28.7 h(-1), respectively, and their corresponding productivity was 1340 +/- 56, 91 +/- 9, and 164 +/- 15 mg/(L.d). Furthermore, by adopting a fed-batch cultivation strategy, a maximum DW and concentrations of total Saponin and polysaccharide in the 30-L CIB were enhanced to 30.3 +/- 1.0, 2.1 +/- 0.1, and 3.5 +/- 0.2 g/L with their corresponding productivity of 1467 +/- 87, 102 +/- 13, and 179 +/- 18 mg/(L.d), respectively. The work suggests that the CIB may have great potential in large-scale high-density plant cell cultures for efficient production of useful secondary metabolites.
-
High density cell culture of Panax notoGinseng for production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide in an airlift bioreactor
Biotechnology Letters, 2002Co-Authors: Jin Han, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:High cell density of Panax notoGinseng in a 17 l airlift bioreactor was achieved in batch cultivation using a modified MS medium. The dry cell weight, Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide reached 24, 1.7 and 2.8 g l−1, respectively, after 15 d. A strategy of sucrose feeding based on changes in the specific O2 uptake rate was applied to the cell cultures, which increased these respective yields to 30, 2.3 and 3.2 g l−1.
-
Improvement of Panax notoGinseng cell culture for production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide by high density cultivation in pneumatically agitated bioreactors.
Biotechnology progress, 2001Co-Authors: Hui Yao, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:A Panax notoGinseng cell culture was successfully scaled up from shake flask to 1.0-L bubble column reactor and concentric-tube airlift reactor. High-density bioreactor batch cultivation was carried out using a modified MS medium. The maximum cell density in batch cultures reached 20.1, 21.0 and 24.1 g/L in the shake flask, bubble column and airlift reactors, respectively, and their corresponding biomass productivity was 950, 1140 and 1350 mg/(L x d) for each. The productivity of Ginseng Saponin was 70, 96 and 99 mg/(L x d) in the flask, bubble column and airlift reactors, respectively; and the polysaccharide productivity reached 104, 119 and 151 mg/(L x d) for each. Furthermore, a fed-batch cultivation strategy was developed on the basis of specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), i.e., sucrose feeding before a sharp decrease of SOUR, and the highest cell density of 29.7 g/L was successfully achieved in the airlift bioreactor on day 17 with a very high biomass productivity of 1520 mg/(L x d). The concentrations of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide reached about 2.1 and 3.0 g/L, respectively, and their productivity was 106 (Saponin) and 158 mg/(L x d) (polysaccharide). This work successfully demonstrated the high-density bioreactor cultivation of P. notoGinseng cells in pneumatically agitated bioreactors and the reproduction of the shake flask culture results in bioreactors. The cell density, biomass productivity, production titer and productivity of both Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide obtained here were the highest that have been reported on a reactor scale for all the Ginseng species.
-
combined effects of initial sucrose concentration and inoculum size on cell growth and Ginseng Saponin production by suspension cultures of panax Ginseng
Process Biochemistry, 1999Co-Authors: C O Akalezi, S Liu, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cell growth and Ginseng Saponin production by suspension cultures of Panax Ginseng were investigated under various initial sucrose concentrations and inoculum sizes. Cell growth was low at a low inoculum size of 1.5 g DW/l, and the maximum cell growth rate was obtained at 3 g DW/l of inoculum size. A cell density of 22.4 g/l was obtained at inoculum size of 6 g DW/l and initial sucrose concentration of 60 g/l after 26 days cultivation. The maximum cell yield of 0.83 was obtained at inoculum size of 3 g DW/l and initial sucrose level of 30 g/l. Saponin biosynthesis was stimulated with high initial sucrose concentrations (60–80 g/l), and the maximum Saponin production of 275 mg/l was achieved at 6 g/l of inoculum size and 60 g/l initial medium sucrose. This work is considered to be helpful for efficient large-scale bioprocessing of the Ginseng cell cultures in bioreactors.
Byung-hoon Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a Ginseng Saponin metabolite induced apoptosis in hepg2 cells involves a mitochondria mediated pathway and its downstream caspase 8 activation and bid cleavage
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2003Co-Authors: Byung-hoon LeeAbstract:Abstract 20-O-(β- d -Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH901), an intestinal bacterial metabolite of Ginseng Saponin formed from ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc, is suggested to be a potential chemopreventive agent. Here, we show that IH901 induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. IH901 led to an early activation of procaspase-3 (12 h posttreatment), and the activation of caspase-8 became evident only later (18 h posttreatment). Caspase activation was a necessary requirement for apoptosis because caspase inhibitors significantly inhibited cell death by IH901. Treatment of HepG2 cells with IH901 also induced the cleavage of cytosolic factors such as Bid and Bax and translocation of truncated Bid (tBid) to mitochondria. A time-dependent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was observed, which was accompanied by activation of caspase-9. A broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk), and a specific inhibitor for caspase-8, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zIETD-fmk), abrogated Bid processing and translocation, and caspase-3 activation. Cytochrome c release was inhibited by zVAD-fmk, however, the inhibition by zIETD-fmk was not complete. The activation of caspase-8 was inhibited not only by zIETD-fmk but also by zVAD-fmk. The results, together with the kinetic change of caspase activation, indicate that activation of caspase-8 occurred downstream of caspase-3 and -9. Our data suggest that the activation of caspase-8 after early caspase-3 activation might act as an amplification loop necessary for successful apoptosis. Primary hepatocytes isolated from normal Sprague–Dawley rats were not affected by IH901 (0–60 μM). The very low toxicity in normal hepatocytes and high activity in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells suggest that IH901 is a promising experimental cancer chemopreventive agent.
-
induction of apoptosis by a novel intestinal metabolite of Ginseng Saponin via cytochrome c mediated activation of caspase 3 protease
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2000Co-Authors: Sang-jun Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Sangjoo Lee, Changkiu Moon, Jeong Hee Kim, Byung-hoon LeeAbstract:Ginseng Saponins exert various important pharmacological effects with regard to the control of many diseases including cancer. The novel intestinal bacterial metabolites of Ginseng protopanaxadiol Saponins have recently been found and isolated after the oral administration of Ginseng extract in human and rats. 20-O-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901) formed from ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc is of particular interest in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. We investigated the effects of IH-901 on the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 in terms of inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. IH-901 showed a significant cytotoxic activity in HL-60 cells (IC(50) = 24. 3 microM) following a 96-hr incubation. Treatment of HL-60 cells with IH-901 resulted in the formation of internucleosomal DNA fragments. The dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis by IH-901 was demonstrated in sandwich enzyme immunoassay and the results were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Morphological examination of IH-901-treated samples showed cells with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and nuclear fragmentation, all typical characteristics of apoptotic cells. The treatment of HL-60 cells with IH-901 caused activation of caspase-3 protease and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. IH-901 did not affect the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 but did cause a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytosol. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IH-901 dramatically suppresses HL-60 cell growth by inducing programed cell death through activation of caspase-3 protease, which occurs via mitochondrial cytochrome c release independently of Bcl-2 modulation. These results may provide a pivotal mechanism for the use of IH-901 in the prevention and treatment of leukemia.
-
antitumor activity of a novel Ginseng Saponin metabolite in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells resistant to cisplatin
Cancer Letters, 1999Co-Authors: Sang-jun Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Sangjoo Lee, Changkiu Moon, Byung-hoon LeeAbstract:The in vitro antitumor activity of a novel Ginseng Saponin metabolite, 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901), was examined against four human cancer cell lines and one subline resistant to cisplatin (CDDP). The growth inhibitory activity of the compound was estimated by MTT tetrazolium assay. The mean concentrations of IH-901 needed to inhibit the proliferation of the cells by 50% (IC50) were 24.3, 25.9, 56.6 and 24.9 microM against human myeloid leukemia (HL-60), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PC-14), gastric adenocarcinoma (MKN-45) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, respectively. These values are higher than that of CDDP. In the CDDP-resistant PC/DDP cell line, the IC50 values of IH-901 and CDDP were 20.3 and 60.8 microM, respectively. These results suggest that IH-901 is not cross-resistant to CDDP in this cell line and could be a candidate for the treatment of CDDP resistant pulmonary cancer.
-
In vitro Antigenotoxic Activity of Novel Ginseng Saponin Metabolites Formed by Intestinal Bacteria
Planta medica, 1998Co-Authors: Byung-hoon Lee, Sang-jun Lee, Jang-hyun Hui, Sooyong Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Jae-doo Huh, Chang-ku MoonAbstract:Ginseng Saponin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria were evaluated for antigenotoxic properties by testing their effects on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mutagenicity and clastogenicity. They include 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901), 20-O-(alpha-D-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-902) and 20-O-[alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)- protopanaxadiol (IH-903). IH-901, IH-902 and IH-903 inhibited the mutagenicity of B[a]P in a dose-dependent manner. In the chromosome aberration assay, IH-901 and IH-903 reduced the frequency of chromosome aberration induced by B[a]P. These results suggest that the Ginseng Saponin metabolites tested in the present study have potential as chemopreventive agents.
Yi-heng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effective release of Ginseng Saponin from suspension cells of Panax notoGinseng
Biotechnology Techniques, 1997Co-Authors: Jian-jiang Zhong, Xian-dan Meng, Yi-heng Zhang, Song LiuAbstract:Suspension cells of Panax notoGinseng were treated during cultivation with 1-10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to release an intracellular secondary metabolite Ginseng Saponin. The plant cells adapted to long-term DMSO treatment were enabled to excrete much more Ginseng Saponin into the medium with their high biological activity compared with those under short-term permeabilization. The highest amount of Saponin secreted into the medium reached 136mg/l on day 24 for the cells successively (for 5 subcultures) treated with 1% DMSO.
-
Hyperproduction of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide by high density cultivation of Panax notoGinseng cells
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1997Co-Authors: Yi-heng Zhang, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract A high-density culture (HDC) of Panax notoGinseng cells for simultaneous production of Ginseng Saponin (secondary metabolite) and polysaccharide (primary metabolite) was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks. An increase in the initial phosphate concentration up to 3.75 m m was found to be beneficial to the production of these two useful metabolites. The most suitable medium was ascertained to be Murashige and Skoog medium with 1 μ m Cu 2+ , 3.75 m m phosphate, and 50 g sucrose l −1 . The inoculum size in a range of 2.53–10.2 g dry weight (DW) l −1 had significant effect on the cell growth and metabolite accumulation. By investigating the kinetics and optimizing the environmental conditions of the cell cultures, a cell density of 24 g DW l −1 was obtained in a batch culture. Furthermore, a fedbatch cultivation was attempted to further enhance the cell density and metabolite production. A high cell concentration of 35 g DW l −1 and high production of Ginseng Saponin (1.57 g l −1 ) and polysaccharide (5.22 g l −1 ) were successfully achieved by intermittent feeding of sucrose to keep its medium level below 20 g l −1 in the later part of the cultivation. As observed, the cell sedimentation volume reached almost 100%. The cell density attained may be the upper limit of the suspension cultures of P. notoGinseng . The productivities of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide were 2.8 and 3.4-fold higher than those obtained in a conventional batch cultivation.
-
Enhancement of Ginseng Saponin production in suspension cultures of Panax notoGinseng : manipulation of medium sucrose
Journal of Biotechnology, 1996Co-Authors: Yi-heng Zhang, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract The effect of initial sucrose concentration (i.e. 20, 30, 40 and 60 g 1 −1 ) was investigated in suspension cultures of Panax notoGinseng for production of Ginseng Saponin (secondary metabolite) and polysaccharide (primary metabolite). The final dry cell weight was increased from 8.9 to 11.9 g 1 −1 with an increase of initial sucrose concentration from 20 to 40 g 1 −1 , but an even higher sucrose concentration of 60 g 1 −1 seemed to repress the cell growth. The specific growth rate based on active biomass was reduced from 0.084 to 0.067 day −1 with an increase of initial sucrose from 20 to 60 g 1 −1 . The initial sucrose amount also had a significant effect on sugar metabolism as well as consumption of nitrate and phosphate. Furthermore, it was found that a high sugar level was favorable to the synthesis of Ginseng Saponin, which may be due to the high osmotic pressure and reduced nutrient uptake (especially nitrate) under these conditions. The content of Ginseng polysaccharide was not apparently affected by initial sucrose levels. The maximum production of Ginseng Saponin (0.86 g 1 −1 ) and polysaccharide (1.98 g 1 −1 ) was achieved at an initial sucrose concentration of 40 g l −1 on day 26. Based on the above findings, a sugar feeding strategy was formulated to enhance the Saponin accumulation by P. notoGinseng cells. The highest Saponin production of 1.77 g 1 −1 (on day 26) was obtained by intermittent sugar feeding during cultivation; the production and productivity of Ginseng Saponin increased 2.3- and 2.1-fold compared with those of control, respectively.
-
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Cell Growth and Production of Ginseng Saponin and Polysaccharide in Suspension Cultures of Panax notoGinseng
Biotechnology Progress, 1996Co-Authors: Yi-heng Zhang, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:The effects of initial osmotic pressure (IOP) on the production of Ginseng polysaccharide and Ginseng Saponin were studied in suspension cultures of Panax notoGinseng cells. At higher IOP, the specific Saponin production and intracellular carbohydrate storage were increased, while the plant cell volume, the consumption rates of major medium components and the specific cell growth rate were decreased. The specific production of polysaccharide was reduced with an increase of IOP from 4.45 to 5.18 atm, and levelled off at an even higher IOP.
-
Effect of osmotic pressure on cell growth and production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide in suspension cultures of Panax notoGinseng
Biotechnology Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Yi-heng Zhang, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:The effects of initial osmotic pressure (IOP) on the production of Ginseng polysaccharide and Ginseng Saponin were studied in suspension cultures of Panax notoGinseng cells. At higher IOP, the specific Saponin production and intracellular carbohydrate storage were increased, while the plant cell volume, the consumption rates of major medium components and the specific cell growth rate were decreased. The specific production of polysaccharide was reduced with an increase of IOP from 4.45 to 5.18 atm, and levelled off at an even higher IOP.
Jong-hwan Sung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
physicochemical characteristics and bioavailability of a novel intestinal metabolite of Ginseng Saponin ih901 complexed with β cyclodextrin
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2006Co-Authors: Pung Sok Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Jinyi Han, Tae Won Song, Ohseung Kwon, Sukgil Song, Youn Bok ChungAbstract:Abstract In an effort to improve the bioavailability (BA) of the insoluble compound 20- O -(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-20( S )-protopanaxadiol (IH901), we prepared β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complexes containing IH901. IH901 is a major metabolite formed by intestinal bacteria from protopanaxadiol Ginseng Saponins. We developed and validated an HPLC-based method to measure IH901 levels from samples prepared in vitro. The phase solubility profiles with both cyclodextrins (CDs) were classified as A L -type, indicating the formation of a 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. Stability constants ( K s ) calculated from the phase solubility diagrams showed that the βCD complex was more stable than the HPβCD complex. Consequently, complexes of IH901 and βCD were prepared by a freeze-drying method and were analyzed by fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From these physicochemical characterizations, we confirmed the presence of a new solid phase in the freeze-dried samples. The IH901 released from the complex in a pH 1.2 solution, the pH range of gastric fluids, was considerably lower than the amount released in the other solutions. The IH901 released from the complex in pH 6.8 solution, the range of intestinal fluids, was 9.0-fold greater than pure IH901 powder. However, the amount of IH901 released from the complex in pH 4.0–8.0 was less than 20%. After oral administration of the IH901–βCD inclusion complex (30 mg/kg IH901) into rats, plasma concentrations were determined by LC/MS/MS. The peak concentration ( C max ) for the inclusion complex was 2.8-fold higher than that for pure IH901 powder. The BA, calculated from the ratio of the AUC oral to the AUC i.v. , for the pure IH901 powder, the IH901–βCD physical mixture, and the inclusion complex was 3.52, 4.34, and 6.57%, respectively. These results indicate that the BA for the inclusion complex was 1.9-fold higher than that for the pure IH901 powder.
-
induction of apoptosis by a novel intestinal metabolite of Ginseng Saponin via cytochrome c mediated activation of caspase 3 protease
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2000Co-Authors: Sang-jun Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Sangjoo Lee, Changkiu Moon, Jeong Hee Kim, Byung-hoon LeeAbstract:Ginseng Saponins exert various important pharmacological effects with regard to the control of many diseases including cancer. The novel intestinal bacterial metabolites of Ginseng protopanaxadiol Saponins have recently been found and isolated after the oral administration of Ginseng extract in human and rats. 20-O-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901) formed from ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc is of particular interest in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. We investigated the effects of IH-901 on the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 in terms of inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. IH-901 showed a significant cytotoxic activity in HL-60 cells (IC(50) = 24. 3 microM) following a 96-hr incubation. Treatment of HL-60 cells with IH-901 resulted in the formation of internucleosomal DNA fragments. The dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis by IH-901 was demonstrated in sandwich enzyme immunoassay and the results were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Morphological examination of IH-901-treated samples showed cells with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and nuclear fragmentation, all typical characteristics of apoptotic cells. The treatment of HL-60 cells with IH-901 caused activation of caspase-3 protease and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. IH-901 did not affect the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 but did cause a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytosol. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IH-901 dramatically suppresses HL-60 cell growth by inducing programed cell death through activation of caspase-3 protease, which occurs via mitochondrial cytochrome c release independently of Bcl-2 modulation. These results may provide a pivotal mechanism for the use of IH-901 in the prevention and treatment of leukemia.
-
antitumor activity of a novel Ginseng Saponin metabolite in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells resistant to cisplatin
Cancer Letters, 1999Co-Authors: Sang-jun Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Sangjoo Lee, Changkiu Moon, Byung-hoon LeeAbstract:The in vitro antitumor activity of a novel Ginseng Saponin metabolite, 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901), was examined against four human cancer cell lines and one subline resistant to cisplatin (CDDP). The growth inhibitory activity of the compound was estimated by MTT tetrazolium assay. The mean concentrations of IH-901 needed to inhibit the proliferation of the cells by 50% (IC50) were 24.3, 25.9, 56.6 and 24.9 microM against human myeloid leukemia (HL-60), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PC-14), gastric adenocarcinoma (MKN-45) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, respectively. These values are higher than that of CDDP. In the CDDP-resistant PC/DDP cell line, the IC50 values of IH-901 and CDDP were 20.3 and 60.8 microM, respectively. These results suggest that IH-901 is not cross-resistant to CDDP in this cell line and could be a candidate for the treatment of CDDP resistant pulmonary cancer.
-
In vitro Antigenotoxic Activity of Novel Ginseng Saponin Metabolites Formed by Intestinal Bacteria
Planta medica, 1998Co-Authors: Byung-hoon Lee, Sang-jun Lee, Jang-hyun Hui, Sooyong Lee, Jong-hwan Sung, Jae-doo Huh, Chang-ku MoonAbstract:Ginseng Saponin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria were evaluated for antigenotoxic properties by testing their effects on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mutagenicity and clastogenicity. They include 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901), 20-O-(alpha-D-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-902) and 20-O-[alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)- protopanaxadiol (IH-903). IH-901, IH-902 and IH-903 inhibited the mutagenicity of B[a]P in a dose-dependent manner. In the chromosome aberration assay, IH-901 and IH-903 reduced the frequency of chromosome aberration induced by B[a]P. These results suggest that the Ginseng Saponin metabolites tested in the present study have potential as chemopreventive agents.
-
main Ginseng Saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria
Planta Medica, 1996Co-Authors: Hideo Hasegawa, Jong-hwan Sung, Satoshi Matsumiya, Masamori UchiyamaAbstract:Abstract Ginseng Saponin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria and the urinary and blood compounds after oral administration of Ginseng extract and its Saponins in human and specific pathogen-free rats were examined in order to elucidate their metabolites absorbed from the intestines. The main metabolites of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, and Rg1 after anaerobic incubation with fecal flora were identified as 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (I) 20-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (II), 20-O-[alpha-L- arabinofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol+ ++ (III), and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (IV), though the metabolic rate and mode were affected by fermentation media. Furthermore, metabolites I-IV and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (XII) were detected in blood (0.3-5.1 micrograms/ml) and in urine (2.2-96 micrograms/ day) after the oral administration of Ginseng extract (150 mg/ kg/day) to human and of total Saponin (1 g/kg/day) to rats.
Song Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Phosphate effect on production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide by cell suspension cultures of Panax Ginseng and Panax quinquefolium
Process Biochemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Song Liu, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract The effects of inorganic phosphate on cell growth, accumulation of Ginseng Saponin (secondary metabolite) and Ginseng polysaccharide (primary metabolite), together with nutrient utilisation, were investigated in suspension cultures of Panax Ginseng (PG) and Panax quinquefolium strain Q91625 (PQ). The results indicate that the crucial concentration of phosphate for cell growth of PG and PQ was 1·04 and 0·65 m m , respectively. Bound phosphorus content for PG and PQ cells was determined to be 4 and 7 mg P/g DW, respectively, which suggested a more urgent demand of phosphate during cell cultivation of PQ. For simultaneous production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide, the optimal concentration of phosphate in PG cell cultures was 0·42 m m , and Saponin and polysaccharide accumulation was 643 mg litre −1 and 2·18 g litre −1 , respectively; 1·25 m m of medium phosphate was the best for biosyntheses of Saponin (960 mg litre −1 ) and polysaccharide (1·8 g litre −1 ) by PQ cell cultures.
-
Effective release of Ginseng Saponin from suspension cells of Panax notoGinseng
Biotechnology Techniques, 1997Co-Authors: Jian-jiang Zhong, Xian-dan Meng, Yi-heng Zhang, Song LiuAbstract:Suspension cells of Panax notoGinseng were treated during cultivation with 1-10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to release an intracellular secondary metabolite Ginseng Saponin. The plant cells adapted to long-term DMSO treatment were enabled to excrete much more Ginseng Saponin into the medium with their high biological activity compared with those under short-term permeabilization. The highest amount of Saponin secreted into the medium reached 136mg/l on day 24 for the cells successively (for 5 subcultures) treated with 1% DMSO.
-
Simultaneous production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide by suspension cultures of Panax Ginseng: Nitrogen effects
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1997Co-Authors: Song Liu, Jian-jiang ZhongAbstract:Abstract The effects of the nitrogen ( n ) source on the kinetics of cell growth, major nutrient consumption, and production of Ginseng Saponin and polysaccharide in suspension cultures of Panax Ginseng cells were studied. The ratio of NO 3 − NH 4 + and initial total medium n were altered. Cell growth was better at 60 m m n and higher ratios of NO 3 − NH 4 + . With nitrate alone or a mixture of nitrate and ammonium (at a ratio of 2:1) provided as n source, 10 m m n was found to be a crucial point for the cell mass accumulation. Nitrate was a favorable n source for Ginseng cell growth. A cell growth rate of 0.11 day−1 and a dry cell density of 13 g l−1 were obtained at 10 m m nitrate (sole n source). At an initial ammonium concentration above 20 m m , the Ginseng cell growth was inhibited, and a higher intracellular nitrate concentration and lower soluble sugar content in cells were observed. The results also indicate that the specific production (i.e., content) of Ginseng polysaccharide was not significantly affected by the alteration of n source while the maximum production of polysaccharide of 1.19 g l−1 was achieved at NO 3 − NH 4 + of 60:0 under 60 m m of total n (i.e., sole nitrate). The Saponin production was relatively higher within initial n concentrations of 5–20 m m (with nitrate alone or a NO 3 − NH 4 + ratio of 2:1). The highest content (5.2%) and total production (0.6 g l−1) of Ginseng Saponin were obtained at an initial nitrate of 5 m m .