The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J Tierney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This article introduces a new dataset of official financing from China to 138 developing countries between 2000 and 2014. It investigates whether Chinese Development finance affects economic growth in recipient countries. The results demonstrate that Chinese Development finance boosts short-term economic growth. An additional project increases growth by between 0.41 and 1.49 percentage points 2 years after commitment, on average. While this study does not find that significant financial support from China impairs the overall effectiveness of aid from Western donors, aid from the United States tends to be more effective in countries that receive no substantial support from China.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This paper introduces a new dataset of official financing — including foreign aid and other forms of concessional and non-concessional state financing — from China to 138 countries between 2000 and 2014. We use these data to investigate whether and to what extent Chinese aid affects economic growth in recipient countries. To account for the endogeneity of aid, we employ an instrumental-variables strategy that relies on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese aid over time resulting from changes in Chinese steel production. Variation across recipient countries results from a country’s probability of receiving aid. Controlling for year- and recipient-fixed effects that capture the levels of these variables, their interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Our results show that Chinese official Development assistance (ODA) boosts economic growth in recipient countries. For the average recipient country, we estimate that one additional Chinese ODA project produces a 0.7 percentage point increase in economic growth two years after the project is committed. We also benchmark the effectiveness of Chinese aid vis-a-vis the World Bank, the United States, and all members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Our results indicate that Chinese, U.S., and OECD-DAC ODA have positive effects on economic growth, but we find no robust evidence that World Bank aid promotes growth. We also find that, irrespective of the funding source, less concessional and more commercially-oriented types of official finance do not boost economic growth. Finally, we test the popular claim that significant financial support from China impairs the effectiveness of grants and loans from Western donors and lenders. Our results do not support this claim.
Andreas Fuchs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This article introduces a new dataset of official financing from China to 138 developing countries between 2000 and 2014. It investigates whether Chinese Development finance affects economic growth in recipient countries. The results demonstrate that Chinese Development finance boosts short-term economic growth. An additional project increases growth by between 0.41 and 1.49 percentage points 2 years after commitment, on average. While this study does not find that significant financial support from China impairs the overall effectiveness of aid from Western donors, aid from the United States tends to be more effective in countries that receive no substantial support from China.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This paper introduces a new dataset of official financing — including foreign aid and other forms of concessional and non-concessional state financing — from China to 138 countries between 2000 and 2014. We use these data to investigate whether and to what extent Chinese aid affects economic growth in recipient countries. To account for the endogeneity of aid, we employ an instrumental-variables strategy that relies on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese aid over time resulting from changes in Chinese steel production. Variation across recipient countries results from a country’s probability of receiving aid. Controlling for year- and recipient-fixed effects that capture the levels of these variables, their interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Our results show that Chinese official Development assistance (ODA) boosts economic growth in recipient countries. For the average recipient country, we estimate that one additional Chinese ODA project produces a 0.7 percentage point increase in economic growth two years after the project is committed. We also benchmark the effectiveness of Chinese aid vis-a-vis the World Bank, the United States, and all members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Our results indicate that Chinese, U.S., and OECD-DAC ODA have positive effects on economic growth, but we find no robust evidence that World Bank aid promotes growth. We also find that, irrespective of the funding source, less concessional and more commercially-oriented types of official finance do not boost economic growth. Finally, we test the popular claim that significant financial support from China impairs the effectiveness of grants and loans from Western donors and lenders. Our results do not support this claim.
T." Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
comprehensive simulation study on local and Global Development of auroral arcs and field aligned potentials
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1993Co-Authors: T H Watanabe, H. Oya, K. Watanabe, T." SatoAbstract:Extensive three-dimensional computer simulations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling are performed to study self-excitation of an auroral arclike structure with special emphasis on (1) nonlinear evolution of the feedback instability in the M-I coupling system, (2) controlling mechanisms of the arc structure, (3) formation of a field-aligned electric potential structure in association with the Development of the feedback instability, and (4) effects of the parallel potential generation on the Development of the arclike structure. The present study takes the first step toward the theoretical understanding of the M-I coupling system with parallel potentials. As was already shown by Sato [1978] and Watanabe and Sato [1988], it is reconfirmed that the feedback instability produces a longitudinally elongated, latitudinally striated structure where the upward field-aligned current and the ionospheric density are locally enhanced. On top of this the present extended study reveals the following important new features: The Global distribution of the striation structure is primarily governed by the magnetospheric convection pattern and the ionospheric density distribution. There appears a significant dawn-dusk asymmetry in the arc formation, even though the apparent geometrical relationship is symmetric. This dawn-dusk asymmetry reflects the geometrical fact that the ionospheric Pedersen current closing the magnetospheric current is antisymmetric with respect to the noon-midnight plane, while the self-closed Hall current is symmetric. The recombination effect plays a significant role in the Global, as well as local, Development of the arc structure. The nonlinearity of recombination, in conjunction with the closure of an arc-associated local field-aligned current system, acts to destroy an old arc and creates a new arc in a different but adjacent position. This results in a peculiar dynamic evolution of the arclike structure. A V-shaped field-aligned potential structure is created in association with an arc structure, when we introduce the parallel anomalous resistivity. The nonlinear phase mismatching due to the parallel resistivity reduces the growth rate of the feedback instability, and suppresses the growth of the arc structure. When the effect of precipitating hot electrons is taken into account, the ionospheric density is considerably enhanced locally at the foot of the field lines where the field-aligned potential is generated. An oscillatory behavior is observed in the Development of the ionospheric density, field-aligned current and potential. The period seems to be governed by the Alfven bounce time and the ionospheric density.
-
Comprehensive Simulation Study on Local and Global Development of Auroral Arcs and Field-Aligned Potentials
1992Co-Authors: T. "watanabe, H. Oya, K. Watanabe, T." SatoAbstract:"Extensive three-dimensional computer simulations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling are performed to study self-excitation of auroral arcs with special emphasis on 1) nonlinear evolution of the feedback instability in the M-I coupling system, 2) controlling mechanisms of the auroral arc structure, 3) formation of a field-aligned electric potential structure in association with the Development of the feedback instability, and 4) effects of the parallel potential generation on auroral arc Development. As was already shown by Sato [1978] and Watanabe and Sato [1988], it is reconfirmed that the feedback instability produces a longitudinally elongated, latitudinally striated structure where the upward field-aligned current and the ionospheric density are locally enhanced. On top of this the present extended study reveals the following important new features : 1) The Global distribution of the striation structure is primarily governed by the magnetospheric convection pattern and the ionospheric density distribution. 2) There appears a significant dawn-dusk asymmetry in the auroral arc formation, even though the apparent geometrical relationship is symmetric. This dawn-dusk asymmetry reflects the geometrical fact that the ionospheric Pedersen current closing the magnetospheric current is anti-symmetric with respect to the noon-midnight plane, while the self-closed Hall current is symmetric. 3) The recombination effect plays a significant role in the Global, as well as local, Development of the auroral arc structure. The nonlinearlty of recombination, in conjunction with the closure of an arc-associated local field-aligned current system, acts to destroy an old arc and creates a new arc in a different but adjacent position. This results in a peculiar behavior of auroral arc formation and deformation. 4) A V-shaped field aligned potential structure is created in association with an auroral arc. Rapid increase in the electron density and the local upward field-aligned current of an arc arises as a result of enhanced ionization by precipitating electrons accelerated by the parallel potential. 5) A drastic oscillatory behavior of appearance and disappearance of auroral arcs is obtained when the ionization effect is strong. The period is primarily given by the Alfven bounce time.
Axel Dreher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This article introduces a new dataset of official financing from China to 138 developing countries between 2000 and 2014. It investigates whether Chinese Development finance affects economic growth in recipient countries. The results demonstrate that Chinese Development finance boosts short-term economic growth. An additional project increases growth by between 0.41 and 1.49 percentage points 2 years after commitment, on average. While this study does not find that significant financial support from China impairs the overall effectiveness of aid from Western donors, aid from the United States tends to be more effective in countries that receive no substantial support from China.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This paper introduces a new dataset of official financing — including foreign aid and other forms of concessional and non-concessional state financing — from China to 138 countries between 2000 and 2014. We use these data to investigate whether and to what extent Chinese aid affects economic growth in recipient countries. To account for the endogeneity of aid, we employ an instrumental-variables strategy that relies on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese aid over time resulting from changes in Chinese steel production. Variation across recipient countries results from a country’s probability of receiving aid. Controlling for year- and recipient-fixed effects that capture the levels of these variables, their interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Our results show that Chinese official Development assistance (ODA) boosts economic growth in recipient countries. For the average recipient country, we estimate that one additional Chinese ODA project produces a 0.7 percentage point increase in economic growth two years after the project is committed. We also benchmark the effectiveness of Chinese aid vis-a-vis the World Bank, the United States, and all members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Our results indicate that Chinese, U.S., and OECD-DAC ODA have positive effects on economic growth, but we find no robust evidence that World Bank aid promotes growth. We also find that, irrespective of the funding source, less concessional and more commercially-oriented types of official finance do not boost economic growth. Finally, we test the popular claim that significant financial support from China impairs the effectiveness of grants and loans from Western donors and lenders. Our results do not support this claim.
Bradley C Parks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2021Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This article introduces a new dataset of official financing from China to 138 developing countries between 2000 and 2014. It investigates whether Chinese Development finance affects economic growth in recipient countries. The results demonstrate that Chinese Development finance boosts short-term economic growth. An additional project increases growth by between 0.41 and 1.49 percentage points 2 years after commitment, on average. While this study does not find that significant financial support from China impairs the overall effectiveness of aid from Western donors, aid from the United States tends to be more effective in countries that receive no substantial support from China.
-
aid china and growth evidence from a new Global Development finance dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley C Parks, Austin M Strange, Michael J TierneyAbstract:This paper introduces a new dataset of official financing — including foreign aid and other forms of concessional and non-concessional state financing — from China to 138 countries between 2000 and 2014. We use these data to investigate whether and to what extent Chinese aid affects economic growth in recipient countries. To account for the endogeneity of aid, we employ an instrumental-variables strategy that relies on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese aid over time resulting from changes in Chinese steel production. Variation across recipient countries results from a country’s probability of receiving aid. Controlling for year- and recipient-fixed effects that capture the levels of these variables, their interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Our results show that Chinese official Development assistance (ODA) boosts economic growth in recipient countries. For the average recipient country, we estimate that one additional Chinese ODA project produces a 0.7 percentage point increase in economic growth two years after the project is committed. We also benchmark the effectiveness of Chinese aid vis-a-vis the World Bank, the United States, and all members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Our results indicate that Chinese, U.S., and OECD-DAC ODA have positive effects on economic growth, but we find no robust evidence that World Bank aid promotes growth. We also find that, irrespective of the funding source, less concessional and more commercially-oriented types of official finance do not boost economic growth. Finally, we test the popular claim that significant financial support from China impairs the effectiveness of grants and loans from Western donors and lenders. Our results do not support this claim.