The Experts below are selected from a list of 51030 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James E Meiring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the surveillance for enteric fever in asia project seap severe typhoid fever surveillance in africa seta surveillance of enteric fever in india sefi and strategic typhoid alliance across africa and asia strataa population based enteric fever studies
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Megan E Carey, William Macwright, James E Meiring, Malick M Gibani, Se Eun Park, Ashley T Longley, Hyon Jin JeonAbstract:Building on previous multicountry surveillance studies of typhoid and others salmonelloses such as the Diseases of the Most Impoverished program and the Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Project, several ongoing blood culture surveillance studies are generating important data about incidence, severity, transmission, and clinical features of invasive Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These studies are also characterizing drug resistance patterns in their respective study sites. Each study answers a different set of research questions and employs slightly different methodologies, and the geographies under surveillance differ in size, population density, physician practices, access to healthcare facilities, and access to microbiologically safe water and improved sanitation. These differences in part reflect the heterogeneity of the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis Globally, and thus enable generation of data that are useful to policymakers in decision-making for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). Moreover, each study is evaluating the large-scale deployment of TCVs, and may ultimately be used to assess post-introduction vaccine impact. The data generated by these studies will also be used to refine Global Disease Burden estimates. It is important to ensure that lessons learned from these studies not only inform vaccination policy, but also are incorporated into sustainable, low-cost, integrated vaccine-preventable Disease surveillance systems.
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generating the evidence for typhoid vaccine introduction considerations for Global Disease Burden estimates and vaccine testing through human challenge
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: James E Meiring, Alberto Giubilini, Julian Savulescu, Virginia E Pitzer, Andrew J PollardAbstract:Typhoid fever has had a major impact on human populations, with the causative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi implicated in many outbreaks through history. The current Burden of Disease is estimated at 11-18 million infections annually, with the majority of infections located in Africa and South Asia. Data that have been used to estimate Burden are limited to a small number of blood-culture surveillance studies, largely from densely populated urban centers. Extrapolating these data to estimate Disease Burden within and across countries highlights the lack of precision in Global figures. A number of approaches have been developed, characterizing different geographical areas by water-based risk factors for typhoid infection or broader measures of health and development to more accurately extrapolate incidence. Recognition of the substantial Disease Burden is essential for policy-makers considering vaccine introduction. Typhoid vaccines have been in development for >100 years. The Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) and Ty21a vaccines have had a World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for programmatic use in countries with high Burden for 10 years, with 1 ViPS vaccine also having WHO prequalification. Despite this, uptake and introduction of these vaccines has been minimal. The development of a controlled human infection model (CHIM) enabled the accelerated testing of the newly WHO-prequalified ViPS-tetanus toxoid protein conjugate vaccine, providing efficacy estimates for the vaccine, prior to larger field trials. There is an urgency to the Global control of enteric fever due to the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance. With more accurate Burden of Disease estimates and a vaccine showing efficacy in CHIM, that control is now a possibility.
Hyon Jin Jeon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the surveillance for enteric fever in asia project seap severe typhoid fever surveillance in africa seta surveillance of enteric fever in india sefi and strategic typhoid alliance across africa and asia strataa population based enteric fever studies
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Megan E Carey, William Macwright, James E Meiring, Malick M Gibani, Se Eun Park, Ashley T Longley, Hyon Jin JeonAbstract:Building on previous multicountry surveillance studies of typhoid and others salmonelloses such as the Diseases of the Most Impoverished program and the Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Project, several ongoing blood culture surveillance studies are generating important data about incidence, severity, transmission, and clinical features of invasive Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These studies are also characterizing drug resistance patterns in their respective study sites. Each study answers a different set of research questions and employs slightly different methodologies, and the geographies under surveillance differ in size, population density, physician practices, access to healthcare facilities, and access to microbiologically safe water and improved sanitation. These differences in part reflect the heterogeneity of the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis Globally, and thus enable generation of data that are useful to policymakers in decision-making for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). Moreover, each study is evaluating the large-scale deployment of TCVs, and may ultimately be used to assess post-introduction vaccine impact. The data generated by these studies will also be used to refine Global Disease Burden estimates. It is important to ensure that lessons learned from these studies not only inform vaccination policy, but also are incorporated into sustainable, low-cost, integrated vaccine-preventable Disease surveillance systems.
Ricky R Lareu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the scar in a jar studying potential antifibrotic compounds from the epigenetic to extracellular level in a single well
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009Co-Authors: Clarice Chen, Yanxian Peng, Zhibo Wang, Paul V Fish, Joel L Kaar, Richard R Koepsel, Alan J Russell, Ricky R LareuAbstract:Background and purpose: Fibrosis, a pathological accumulation of collagen in tissues, represents a major Global Disease Burden. Effective characterization of potential antifibrotic drugs has been constrained by poor formation of the extracellular matrix in vitro, due to tardy procollagen processing by collagen C-proteinase/BMP-1, and difficulties in relating this matrix to cell numbers in experimental samples. Experimental approach: The Scar-in-a-Jar model provided, in vitro, the complete biosynthetic cascade of collagen matrix formation including complete conversion of procollagen by C-proteinase/BMP-1, its subsequent extracellular deposition and lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking, achieved by applying the biophysical principle of macromolecular ‘crowding’. Collagen matrix deposition, velocity and morphology can be controlled using negatively charged ‘crowders’ in a rapid (2 days) mode or a mixture of neutral ‘crowders’ in an accelerated (6 days) mode. Combined with quantitative optical bioimaging, this novel system allows for in situ assessment of the area of deposited collagen(s) per cell. Key results: Optical evaluation of known and novel antifibrotic compounds effective at the epigenetic, post-transcriptional/translational/secretional level correlated excellently with corresponding biochemical analyses. Focusing on quantitation of deposited collagen, the Scar-in-a-Jar was most effective in assessing novel inhibitors that may have multiple targets, such as microRNA29c, found to be a promising antifibrotic agent. Conclusions and implications: This novel screening system supersedes current in vitro fibroplasia models, as a fast, quantitative and non-destructive technique. This method distinguishes a reduction in collagen I deposition, excluding collagen cross-linking, and allows full evaluation of inhibitors of C-proteinase/BMP-1 and other matrix metalloproteinases.
Malick M Gibani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the surveillance for enteric fever in asia project seap severe typhoid fever surveillance in africa seta surveillance of enteric fever in india sefi and strategic typhoid alliance across africa and asia strataa population based enteric fever studies
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Megan E Carey, William Macwright, James E Meiring, Malick M Gibani, Se Eun Park, Ashley T Longley, Hyon Jin JeonAbstract:Building on previous multicountry surveillance studies of typhoid and others salmonelloses such as the Diseases of the Most Impoverished program and the Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Project, several ongoing blood culture surveillance studies are generating important data about incidence, severity, transmission, and clinical features of invasive Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These studies are also characterizing drug resistance patterns in their respective study sites. Each study answers a different set of research questions and employs slightly different methodologies, and the geographies under surveillance differ in size, population density, physician practices, access to healthcare facilities, and access to microbiologically safe water and improved sanitation. These differences in part reflect the heterogeneity of the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis Globally, and thus enable generation of data that are useful to policymakers in decision-making for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). Moreover, each study is evaluating the large-scale deployment of TCVs, and may ultimately be used to assess post-introduction vaccine impact. The data generated by these studies will also be used to refine Global Disease Burden estimates. It is important to ensure that lessons learned from these studies not only inform vaccination policy, but also are incorporated into sustainable, low-cost, integrated vaccine-preventable Disease surveillance systems.
Andrew J Pollard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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generating the evidence for typhoid vaccine introduction considerations for Global Disease Burden estimates and vaccine testing through human challenge
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: James E Meiring, Alberto Giubilini, Julian Savulescu, Virginia E Pitzer, Andrew J PollardAbstract:Typhoid fever has had a major impact on human populations, with the causative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi implicated in many outbreaks through history. The current Burden of Disease is estimated at 11-18 million infections annually, with the majority of infections located in Africa and South Asia. Data that have been used to estimate Burden are limited to a small number of blood-culture surveillance studies, largely from densely populated urban centers. Extrapolating these data to estimate Disease Burden within and across countries highlights the lack of precision in Global figures. A number of approaches have been developed, characterizing different geographical areas by water-based risk factors for typhoid infection or broader measures of health and development to more accurately extrapolate incidence. Recognition of the substantial Disease Burden is essential for policy-makers considering vaccine introduction. Typhoid vaccines have been in development for >100 years. The Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) and Ty21a vaccines have had a World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for programmatic use in countries with high Burden for 10 years, with 1 ViPS vaccine also having WHO prequalification. Despite this, uptake and introduction of these vaccines has been minimal. The development of a controlled human infection model (CHIM) enabled the accelerated testing of the newly WHO-prequalified ViPS-tetanus toxoid protein conjugate vaccine, providing efficacy estimates for the vaccine, prior to larger field trials. There is an urgency to the Global control of enteric fever due to the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance. With more accurate Burden of Disease estimates and a vaccine showing efficacy in CHIM, that control is now a possibility.