The Experts below are selected from a list of 108048 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stuart Thorson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HICSS - Press Freedom Homophily in the Tie Structure of the Global Internet
Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:We investigate homophily in the tie structure of the Global Internet by estimating Exponential Random Graph models. Specifically, we analyze the extent to which different variables including Gross National Income, geographic proximity, political regime type, and press freedom rating account for the pattern of direct country-to-country Internet connections. Results show that for 2011-2014, but not before, press freedom homophily is significantly predictive of the presence (or absence) of country-to-country Internet connections even when controlling for geographic proximity, bandwidth, and whether or not a country is democratic. The findings provide insights into changes in press freedom around the world and the evolution of the Global Internet structure
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Network Approach to Regime Type and Global Internet Connectedness
Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 2017Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:ABSTRACTThe current study examines the relationship between regime type and country access to the Internet at both domestic and Global levels by conducting longitudinal analyses of economic and social indicators and Internet data between 2002 and 2014. In particular, the authors investigate how a country’s position in the Global Internet network is associated with the country’s type of political institution while taking into account its economic growth, population, and education level. The current analysis shows that democracies dominated the Global Internet network both in 2002 and in 2014. Finally, the panel regression and network analyses suggest that it is important to consider network characteristics in investigating whether and how a country’s regime type influences the country’s Internet adoption.
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HICSS - Network Approach to Regime Type and Global Internet Connectedness
2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 2016Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:We explore the relationship between regime type and country access to the Internet at both domestic and Global levels by conducting longitudinal analyses of economic, population, and Internet data between 2002 and 2011. In particular, we investigate how a country's position in the Global Internet network is associated with the country's type of political institution while attempting to take into account its economic growth and population (so-called scale effects). Our analysis shows that liberal democracies dominated the Global Internet network both in 2002 and in 2011, followed by polyarchies and electoral democracies. Finally, our panel regression and network analyses suggest that it is important to consider network characteristics in investigating whether and how a country's regime type influences the country's Internet adoption. We discuss implications of these and other findings for idea flows and economic developments.
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A mixture model of Global Internet capacity distributions
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:This article develops a preferential attachment-based mixture model of Global Internet bandwidth and investigates it in the context of observed bandwidth distributions between 2002 and 2011. Our longitudinal analysis shows, among other things, that the bandwidth share distributions-and thus bandwidth differences-exhibit considerable path dependence where country proportions of international bandwidth in 2011 can be substantially accounted for by a preferential attachment-based mixture of micro-level processes. Our preferential attachment model, consistent with empirical data, does not predict increasing concentration of bandwidth within top-ranked countries. We argue that recognizing the strong, but nuanced, historical inertia of bandwidth distributions is helpful in better discriminating among competing theoretical perspectives on the Global digital divide as well as in clarifying policy discussions related to gaps between bandwidth-rich and bandwidth-poor countries.
Meryem Marzouki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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At the Crossroads of Globalization and Digitization: Global Internet Governance as a Science Diplomacy Terrain
2017Co-Authors: Meryem MarzoukiAbstract:Among major contemporary changes in world politics, Global Internet governance and diplomacy are both at the crossroads of Globalization and digitization. On the one hand, Internet-related policymaking at the national, regional and Global levels is challenged by multifaceted digital disruptions that profoundly transform power relations, in social, economic, normative, institutional and geopolitical terms. On the other hand, the very nature of diplomacy is transforming, with diplomacy agents extending to different categories of state and non state actors; diplomacy fields developing into a myriad of formal and informal discussions on almost any and all matters; and diplomacy processes now including a wide variety of practices and means. Both mutations are the subject of many debates and analyses trying to clarify the variety of concepts characterizing each of them. This paper rather takes a converging perspective at the encounter of these two major transformations, through the understanding of Global Internet governance as a science diplomacy terrain. It also discusses how such a converging perspective could constitute a momentum for Europe as a Global actor to address Global challenges, channel democratic values and share knowledge to build common visions, especially with its neighborhood, and improve international relations.
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Global Internet Governance Actors and Strategies: A Fifteen-Year Assessment
2016Co-Authors: Nanette S. Levinson, Meryem MarzoukiAbstract:The years 2001-2016 mark the emergence and growth of the concept of Global Internet governance and related institutions and innovations. In 2001, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) began to organize the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) which ultimately led to the creation of an institutional innovation, the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). In 2016, the eleventh Internet Governance Forum will be held, after the United Nations General Assembly decided in December 2015 to renew its mandate for ten additional years. This fifteen year period includes a kaleidoscopic array of actors and institutions (both old and new) related to the governance of the Internet from national to regional to Global levels. This paper provides a fifteen-year assessment of these developments, focusing on the role and strategies of actors in Global Internet governance. Beyond the three main categories of stakeholders as usually identified in the field (governments, businesses and civil society), it focuses on those less explored actors, such as intergovernmental organizations, technical communities and other less organized categories. The paper studies the strategies undertaken by these actors including the forging of formal and informal alliances, in view of advancing their respective agendas and profiles in the field. It analyzes how they have been crafting or redefining their respective roles on the Global scene throughout the main Internet governance meetings and venues. Using a multidisciplinary framework from political science, international relations, communication theory and organizational sociology, the paper roots its empirical findings in a longitudinal research project undertaken by the authors since the end of 2013. The methods used include interviewing key leaders of various organizations, analyzing documents and archival data from Global Internet governance meetings and observing participation patterns at such meetings. The fifteen year assessment provided in this paper builds on intermediary results previously published by the authors, consolidating them and highlighting Global Internet governance specifics as compared to other Global governance fields.
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A Global Internet Governance Strategic Triangle: IOs, NGOs, and Technical Communities
2016Co-Authors: Nanette S. Levinson, Meryem MarzoukiAbstract:While only three main categories of stakeholders (Governments, Businesses, and Civil Society) are most commonly recognized as actors in “multistakeholder” processes in Global Internet governance studies, findings from our three-year transatlantic research project show that other kinds of actors also are crafting roles and designing strategies for themselves as Global Internet governance players engaging in this multistakeholder arena. Using a framework from political science, communication theory, and organizational sociology, this paper analyzes (with interview, observational, and archival data) the emergence of these stakeholders and the strategic interactions between them as well as with other actors. It studies the formal and informal relationships and processes developed by main actors from these three categories, such as knowledge transfer and mutually reinforcing strategies to gain more weight in shaping Global Internet Governance discussions and policies. Particular attention is paid to issues of recognition and power redistribution resulting from these processes. Findings illustrate how Global technical community organizations (such as ICANN and ISOC), NGOs (such as APC and ad hoc coalitions of NGOs), and thematic and/or regional international organizations (such as UNESCO, OECD and the Council of Europe) widen their missions, scope and modus operandi in the field. Finally, highlighting new trends of Global Internet governance institutionalization processes, the paper examines whether Global NGOs and Technical Communities have succeeded in readjusting recognition equations in complex Internet policy arenas.
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IOs and Global Internet Governance Interorganizational Architecture
2016Co-Authors: Nanette S. Levinson, Meryem MarzoukiAbstract:Discussing results of our joint project that examines the complex interactions among intergovernmental organizations and other transnational institutions and nonstate actors in the Global Internet governance ecosystem, this study highlights themes related to the changing architecture and roles of international organizations from WSIS (World Summit on the Information Society) until NetMundial. Attention is paid to old and new categories of organizations that emerged in this context; and how they have been recognized as stakeholders in the process. These organizations form a network, set in an environmental context, thus constituting the interorganizational infrastructure for Internet governance today. Additionally, tracing knowledge flows and power differentials over time among the different stakeholder organizations helps to illustrate a major finding, the pro-active role of the international organizations studied here in the messy, complex, and cross-national Internet governance ecosystem, shaped by and, at the same time, shaping the technical infrastructure.
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International Organizations and Global Internet Governance: Interorganizational Architecture
The Turn to Infrastructure in Internet Governance, 2016Co-Authors: Nanette S. Levinson, Meryem MarzoukiAbstract:Research in the field of Global Internet governance has grown dramatically in the last several decades (see, e.g., Mueller, Mathiason, and Klein, 2007; Malcolm 2008; Mueller 2004, 2010; Levinson and Cogburn, 2011a; Brousseau et al., 2012; Levinson 2012a; Epstein, 2013; Pavan, 2013; DeNardis, 2009, 2014). There is also a large range of issue areas studied and a similarly large range of scholarly journals in which such work appears. Rooted in a number of different disciplines, studies have used political science, sociological, anthropological, psychological, economic, and legal concepts to frame their work. Much of the work has focused on the role of nation-states. More recently, other work examines the rise of what is termed “multistakeholderism,” the involvement of nonstate as well as state actors in Internet governance and the rise of new institutions such as the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). International organizations are often not explicitly included in listings of stakeholders.
Rohan Samarajiva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How the Developing World may Participate in the Global Internet Economy
ICTs for Development, 2010Co-Authors: Rohan SamarajivaAbstract:Full participation in the Global Internet Economy requires electronic connectivity of increasing complexity. Today, due to a wave of liberalisation and technological and business innovation, much of the world is electronically connected, albeit not at levels that support full participation. This chapter examines the contributions made by competition and business innovation to achieving current levels of connectivity and the possibilities for extrapolation to ensure widespread participation in the Global Internet Economy.
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How the Developing World may Participate in the Global Internet Economy: Innovation Driven by Competition
ICTs for Development, 2010Co-Authors: Rohan SamarajivaAbstract:Full participation in the Global Internet Economy requires electronic connectivity of increasing complexity. Today, due to a wave of liberalisation and technological and business innovation, much of the world is electronically connected, albeit not at levels that support full participation. This chapter examines the contributions made by competition and business innovation to achieving current levels of connectivity and the possibilities for extrapolation to ensure widespread participation in the Global Internet Economy.
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how the developing world may participate in the Global Internet economy innovation driven by competition
2009Co-Authors: Rohan SamarajivaAbstract:Full participation in the Global Internet Economy requires electronic connectivity of considerable complexity. Today, due to a worldwide wave of liberalization and technological and business innovations in the mobile space, much of the world is electronically connected, albeit not at the levels that would fully support participation in the Global Internet Economy. Yet, many millions of poor people are engaging in tasks normally associated with the Internet such as information retrieval, payments and remote computing using relatively simple mobiles. Understanding the business model that enabled impressive gains in voice connectivity as well as the beginnings of more-than-voice applications over mobiles is important not only because widespread broadband access among the poor is likely to be achieved by extending this model but because it would be the basis of coherent and efficacious policy and regulatory responses. This report demonstrates that voice connectivity was achieved for a majority of the world’s people, including substantial numbers of the poor, because governments removed or lowered barriers to participation in the supply of telecom services and created conditions somewhat conducive to competition, even if less than perfect. This was the necessary condition. Where multiple suppliers existed, intense competition, the critical step of implementing the budget telecom network model, occurred. The radically lower prices attracted more minutes of use, which in turn made further reductions possible. Operators were able to load their networks with high volumes of revenue-yielding minutes because they had succeeded in reducing the transaction costs of dealing with low-volume customers. Prepaid, which accommodates the needs of those with irregular earning patterns was also a critical element. Along with these business process innovations, the exponents of the budget telecom network model also succeeded in drastically reducing costs, especially opex. The new model makes ARPU [Average Revenue per User] irrelevant because what really matters is how many revenue-yielding minutes are carried on the network, not how much money is earned from a customer. In the same way that Ryan Air and Air Asia make profits while conventional airlines lose money, budget telecom networks make more money than conventional operators. However, the model increases the volatility of earnings and results in lower quality of service.
Hyunjin Seo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HICSS - Press Freedom Homophily in the Tie Structure of the Global Internet
Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:We investigate homophily in the tie structure of the Global Internet by estimating Exponential Random Graph models. Specifically, we analyze the extent to which different variables including Gross National Income, geographic proximity, political regime type, and press freedom rating account for the pattern of direct country-to-country Internet connections. Results show that for 2011-2014, but not before, press freedom homophily is significantly predictive of the presence (or absence) of country-to-country Internet connections even when controlling for geographic proximity, bandwidth, and whether or not a country is democratic. The findings provide insights into changes in press freedom around the world and the evolution of the Global Internet structure
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Network Approach to Regime Type and Global Internet Connectedness
Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 2017Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:ABSTRACTThe current study examines the relationship between regime type and country access to the Internet at both domestic and Global levels by conducting longitudinal analyses of economic and social indicators and Internet data between 2002 and 2014. In particular, the authors investigate how a country’s position in the Global Internet network is associated with the country’s type of political institution while taking into account its economic growth, population, and education level. The current analysis shows that democracies dominated the Global Internet network both in 2002 and in 2014. Finally, the panel regression and network analyses suggest that it is important to consider network characteristics in investigating whether and how a country’s regime type influences the country’s Internet adoption.
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HICSS - Network Approach to Regime Type and Global Internet Connectedness
2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 2016Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:We explore the relationship between regime type and country access to the Internet at both domestic and Global levels by conducting longitudinal analyses of economic, population, and Internet data between 2002 and 2011. In particular, we investigate how a country's position in the Global Internet network is associated with the country's type of political institution while attempting to take into account its economic growth and population (so-called scale effects). Our analysis shows that liberal democracies dominated the Global Internet network both in 2002 and in 2011, followed by polyarchies and electoral democracies. Finally, our panel regression and network analyses suggest that it is important to consider network characteristics in investigating whether and how a country's regime type influences the country's Internet adoption. We discuss implications of these and other findings for idea flows and economic developments.
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A mixture model of Global Internet capacity distributions
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hyunjin Seo, Stuart ThorsonAbstract:This article develops a preferential attachment-based mixture model of Global Internet bandwidth and investigates it in the context of observed bandwidth distributions between 2002 and 2011. Our longitudinal analysis shows, among other things, that the bandwidth share distributions-and thus bandwidth differences-exhibit considerable path dependence where country proportions of international bandwidth in 2011 can be substantially accounted for by a preferential attachment-based mixture of micro-level processes. Our preferential attachment model, consistent with empirical data, does not predict increasing concentration of bandwidth within top-ranked countries. We argue that recognizing the strong, but nuanced, historical inertia of bandwidth distributions is helpful in better discriminating among competing theoretical perspectives on the Global digital divide as well as in clarifying policy discussions related to gaps between bandwidth-rich and bandwidth-poor countries.
Koichi Shimozono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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COMPSAC Workshops - A Technique to Assign an Appropriate Server to a Client, for a CDN Consists of Servers at the Global Internet and Hierarchical Private Networks
2014 IEEE 38th International Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops, 2014Co-Authors: Takashi Yamanoue, Yuuri Koarata, Kentaro Oda, Koichi ShimozonoAbstract:This paper discusses a technique to assign an appropriate server to a client for a content delivery network (CDN). We assume that the CDN consists of not only servers in the Global Internet but also servers in hierarchical private networks. To use a common web browser as the client, this technique does not use broadcasting or multicasting. When a client is placed in a private network and a server of the CDN is also placed in the same private network, the client is connected to the server automatically by using this technique. When a client is placed in a private network and no CDN server is in the private network, or when the client is placed in the Global network, the client is connected to a server in the Global network automatically. This technique could improve the bandwidth between a server and a client when they are placed in the same private network because the TCP bandwidth heavily depends on latency. The CDN user does not need to know the location of a server. This technique does not use DNS because a CDN server in a private network is not always registered in the DNS.