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Christoph Meili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recommendations for calculation of the Global Warming Potential of aviation including the radiative forcing index
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Niels Jungbluth, Christoph Meili
    Abstract:

    PurposeThere are specific effects of emissions in high altitude, which lead to a higher contribution of aviation to the problem of climate change than just the emission of CO_2 from burning fuels. The exact relevance is subject to scientific debate, but there is a consensus that aircrafts have an impact that is higher than just their contribution due to the direct CO_2 emissions. The gap between this scientific knowledge on the one side and the missing of applicable GWP (Global Warming Potential) factors for relevant emissions on the other side are an important shortcoming for life cycle assessment (LCA) or carbon footprint (CF) studies which aim to cover all relevant environmental impacts of the transport services investigated.MethodsIn this paper, the state of the art concerning the accounting for the specific effects of aircraft emissions in LCA and CF studies is discussed. Therefore, the relevant literature was evaluated, and practitioners were asked for the approaches used by them.Results and discussionFive major approaches are identified ranging from an RFI (radiative forcing index) factor of 1 (no factor at all) to a factor 2.7 for the total aircraft CO_2 emissions. If only emissions in the higher atmosphere are considered, RFI factors between 1 and 8.5 are used or proposed in practice.ConclusionsFor the time being, an RFI of 2 on total aircraft CO_2 (or 5.2 for the CO_2 emissions in the higher atmosphere if using present models in ecoinvent) is recommended to be used in LCA and CF studies because it is based on the latest scientific publications; this basic literature cannot be misinterpreted. Furthermore, it is also recommended by some political institutions. These factors can be multiplied by the direct CO_2 emissions of the aircraft to estimate the total Global Warming Potential.

  • Recommendations for calculation of the Global Warming Potential of aviation including the radiative forcing index
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Niels Jungbluth, Christoph Meili
    Abstract:

    There are specific effects of emissions in high altitude, which lead to a higher contribution of aviation to the problem of climate change than just the emission of CO2 from burning fuels. The exact relevance is subject to scientific debate, but there is a consensus that aircrafts have an impact that is higher than just their contribution due to the direct CO2 emissions. The gap between this scientific knowledge on the one side and the missing of applicable GWP (Global Warming Potential) factors for relevant emissions on the other side are an important shortcoming for life cycle assessment (LCA) or carbon footprint (CF) studies which aim to cover all relevant environmental impacts of the transport services investigated. In this paper, the state of the art concerning the accounting for the specific effects of aircraft emissions in LCA and CF studies is discussed. Therefore, the relevant literature was evaluated, and practitioners were asked for the approaches used by them. Five major approaches are identified ranging from an RFI (radiative forcing index) factor of 1 (no factor at all) to a factor 2.7 for the total aircraft CO2 emissions. If only emissions in the higher atmosphere are considered, RFI factors between 1 and 8.5 are used or proposed in practice. For the time being, an RFI of 2 on total aircraft CO2 (or 5.2 for the CO2 emissions in the higher atmosphere if using present models in ecoinvent) is recommended to be used in LCA and CF studies because it is based on the latest scientific publications; this basic literature cannot be misinterpreted. Furthermore, it is also recommended by some political institutions. These factors can be multiplied by the direct CO2 emissions of the aircraft to estimate the total Global Warming Potential.

Stuart A. Scott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global Warming Potential and Fossil-Energy Requirements of Biodiesel Production Scenarios in South Africa
    Energy & Fuels, 2010
    Co-Authors: Anna L. Stephenson, H. Von Blottnitz, Alan C. Brent, J. S. Dennis, Stuart A. Scott
    Abstract:

    Life cycle assessment has been used to investigate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and fossil-energy requirements of the production of biodiesel from canola (oilseed rape), soybean, and sunflower oils in South Africa. The effect of scale and transportation of raw materials and products was investigated, as well as the effect of ploughing grassland and using irrigation to grow oil crops. This research shows that the GWP and fossil-energy requirements of biodiesel produced in South Africa vary widely, depending upon predominantly the crop yield, the requirement for irrigation, and the ploughing of uncultivated land. For the best case scenario, where no uncultivated land is newly ploughed and irrigation is not required, biodiesel has a GWP 20−36% lower than that of the fossil diesel mix currently used in South Africa and a fossil-energy requirement 50−62% lower. However, in the worst case scenario, where oil-seed crops are grown on newly cultivated land requiring substantial irrigation, this paper conclud...

  • Global Warming Potential and Fossil-Energy Requirements of Biodiesel Production Scenarios in South Africa
    Energy & Fuels, 2010
    Co-Authors: Anna L. Stephenson, H. Von Blottnitz, Alan C. Brent, J. S. Dennis, Stuart A. Scott
    Abstract:

    Life cycle assessment has been used to investigate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and fossil-energy requirements of the production of biodiesel from canola (oilseed rape), soybean, and sunflowe...

Niels Jungbluth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recommendations for calculation of the Global Warming Potential of aviation including the radiative forcing index
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Niels Jungbluth, Christoph Meili
    Abstract:

    PurposeThere are specific effects of emissions in high altitude, which lead to a higher contribution of aviation to the problem of climate change than just the emission of CO_2 from burning fuels. The exact relevance is subject to scientific debate, but there is a consensus that aircrafts have an impact that is higher than just their contribution due to the direct CO_2 emissions. The gap between this scientific knowledge on the one side and the missing of applicable GWP (Global Warming Potential) factors for relevant emissions on the other side are an important shortcoming for life cycle assessment (LCA) or carbon footprint (CF) studies which aim to cover all relevant environmental impacts of the transport services investigated.MethodsIn this paper, the state of the art concerning the accounting for the specific effects of aircraft emissions in LCA and CF studies is discussed. Therefore, the relevant literature was evaluated, and practitioners were asked for the approaches used by them.Results and discussionFive major approaches are identified ranging from an RFI (radiative forcing index) factor of 1 (no factor at all) to a factor 2.7 for the total aircraft CO_2 emissions. If only emissions in the higher atmosphere are considered, RFI factors between 1 and 8.5 are used or proposed in practice.ConclusionsFor the time being, an RFI of 2 on total aircraft CO_2 (or 5.2 for the CO_2 emissions in the higher atmosphere if using present models in ecoinvent) is recommended to be used in LCA and CF studies because it is based on the latest scientific publications; this basic literature cannot be misinterpreted. Furthermore, it is also recommended by some political institutions. These factors can be multiplied by the direct CO_2 emissions of the aircraft to estimate the total Global Warming Potential.

  • Recommendations for calculation of the Global Warming Potential of aviation including the radiative forcing index
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Niels Jungbluth, Christoph Meili
    Abstract:

    There are specific effects of emissions in high altitude, which lead to a higher contribution of aviation to the problem of climate change than just the emission of CO2 from burning fuels. The exact relevance is subject to scientific debate, but there is a consensus that aircrafts have an impact that is higher than just their contribution due to the direct CO2 emissions. The gap between this scientific knowledge on the one side and the missing of applicable GWP (Global Warming Potential) factors for relevant emissions on the other side are an important shortcoming for life cycle assessment (LCA) or carbon footprint (CF) studies which aim to cover all relevant environmental impacts of the transport services investigated. In this paper, the state of the art concerning the accounting for the specific effects of aircraft emissions in LCA and CF studies is discussed. Therefore, the relevant literature was evaluated, and practitioners were asked for the approaches used by them. Five major approaches are identified ranging from an RFI (radiative forcing index) factor of 1 (no factor at all) to a factor 2.7 for the total aircraft CO2 emissions. If only emissions in the higher atmosphere are considered, RFI factors between 1 and 8.5 are used or proposed in practice. For the time being, an RFI of 2 on total aircraft CO2 (or 5.2 for the CO2 emissions in the higher atmosphere if using present models in ecoinvent) is recommended to be used in LCA and CF studies because it is based on the latest scientific publications; this basic literature cannot be misinterpreted. Furthermore, it is also recommended by some political institutions. These factors can be multiplied by the direct CO2 emissions of the aircraft to estimate the total Global Warming Potential.

Gumersindo Feijoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessing the Global Warming Potential of wooden products from the furniture sector to improve their ecodesign
    Science of The Total Environment, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sara Gonzalezgarcia, Carles M Gasol, Raul Garcia Lozano, Ma Teresa Moreira, Xavier Gabarrell, Joan Rieradevall I Pons, Gumersindo Feijoo
    Abstract:

    Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the Global Warming Potential of several wood products as an environmental criterion for their ecodesign. Two methodologies were combined: the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions (equivalent CO 2 ) of several representative wood based products from the furniture sector and the integration of environmental aspects into product design. The products under assessment were classified in two groups: indoor products and outdoor products , depending on their location. “ Indoor products” included a convertible cot/bed, a kitchen cabinet, an office table, a living room furniture, a headboard, youth room accessories and a wine crate, while the “ Outdoor products” analysed were a ventilated wooden wall and a wooden playground. Spanish wood processing companies located in Galicia (NW Spain) and Catalonia (NE Spain) were analysed in detail. The life cycle of each product was carried out from a cradle-to-gate perspective according to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, using Global Warming Potential as the selected impact category. According to the results, metals, boards and energy use appeared to be the most contributing elements to the environmental impact of the different products under assessment, with total contributions ranging from 40% to 90%. Furthermore, eco-design strategies were proposed by means of the methodology known as Design for the Environment (DfE). Improvement strategies viable for implementation in the short term were considered and analysed in detail, accounting for remarkable reductions in the equivalent CO 2 emissions (up to 60%). These strategies would be focused on the use of renewable energies such as photovoltaic cells, the promotion of national fibres or changes in the materials used. Other alternatives to be implemented in the long term can be of Potential interest for future developments.

  • Assessing the Global Warming Potential of wooden products from the furniture sector to improve their ecodesign.
    Science of The Total Environment, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sara González-garcía, Carles M Gasol, Raul Garcia Lozano, Xavier Gabarrell, Maria Teresa Moreira, Joan Rieradevall Pons, Gumersindo Feijoo
    Abstract:

    Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the Global Warming Potential of several wood products as an environmental criterion for their ecodesign. Two methodologies were combined: the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions (equivalent CO 2 ) of several representative wood based products from the furniture sector and the integration of environmental aspects into product design. The products under assessment were classified in two groups: indoor products and outdoor products , depending on their location. “ Indoor products” included a convertible cot/bed, a kitchen cabinet, an office table, a living room furniture, a headboard, youth room accessories and a wine crate, while the “ Outdoor products” analysed were a ventilated wooden wall and a wooden playground. Spanish wood processing companies located in Galicia (NW Spain) and Catalonia (NE Spain) were analysed in detail. The life cycle of each product was carried out from a cradle-to-gate perspective according to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, using Global Warming Potential as the selected impact category. According to the results, metals, boards and energy use appeared to be the most contributing elements to the environmental impact of the different products under assessment, with total contributions ranging from 40% to 90%. Furthermore, eco-design strategies were proposed by means of the methodology known as Design for the Environment (DfE). Improvement strategies viable for implementation in the short term were considered and analysed in detail, accounting for remarkable reductions in the equivalent CO 2 emissions (up to 60%). These strategies would be focused on the use of renewable energies such as photovoltaic cells, the promotion of national fibres or changes in the materials used. Other alternatives to be implemented in the long term can be of Potential interest for future developments.

Anna L. Stephenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global Warming Potential and Fossil-Energy Requirements of Biodiesel Production Scenarios in South Africa
    Energy & Fuels, 2010
    Co-Authors: Anna L. Stephenson, H. Von Blottnitz, Alan C. Brent, J. S. Dennis, Stuart A. Scott
    Abstract:

    Life cycle assessment has been used to investigate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and fossil-energy requirements of the production of biodiesel from canola (oilseed rape), soybean, and sunflower oils in South Africa. The effect of scale and transportation of raw materials and products was investigated, as well as the effect of ploughing grassland and using irrigation to grow oil crops. This research shows that the GWP and fossil-energy requirements of biodiesel produced in South Africa vary widely, depending upon predominantly the crop yield, the requirement for irrigation, and the ploughing of uncultivated land. For the best case scenario, where no uncultivated land is newly ploughed and irrigation is not required, biodiesel has a GWP 20−36% lower than that of the fossil diesel mix currently used in South Africa and a fossil-energy requirement 50−62% lower. However, in the worst case scenario, where oil-seed crops are grown on newly cultivated land requiring substantial irrigation, this paper conclud...

  • Global Warming Potential and Fossil-Energy Requirements of Biodiesel Production Scenarios in South Africa
    Energy & Fuels, 2010
    Co-Authors: Anna L. Stephenson, H. Von Blottnitz, Alan C. Brent, J. S. Dennis, Stuart A. Scott
    Abstract:

    Life cycle assessment has been used to investigate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and fossil-energy requirements of the production of biodiesel from canola (oilseed rape), soybean, and sunflowe...