The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Michael Marmot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of early onset coronary heart disease in south asian men with Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia
    Circulation, 1993
    Co-Authors: P M Mckeigue, T Pierpoint, J E Ferrie, Michael Marmot
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Rates of coronary heart disease are higher in South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis) settled overseas than in other ethnic groups. We tested the hypothesis that this excess risk results from metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 1,421 South Asian men and 1,515 European men aged 40-69 years in London examined in the Southall Study. Prevalence of ischemic ECG abnormalities was higher in South Asians than in Europeans (17% versus 12%, p < 0.001), with an excess of major Q waves (Minnesota codes 1-1 or 1-2) in younger South Asian men (p = 0.01 for the age-ethnicity interaction). Major Q waves were strongly associated with Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in younger South Asians; these factors accounted statistically for 73% of major Q waves in those aged 40-54 years. Age-standardized prevalence of a positive history of coronary heart disease was similar in South Asians and Europeans (8.5% versus 8.2%, NS), and positive history without Q waves was not associated with Glucose Intolerance or hyperinsulinemia in South Asians. Smoking rates and average plasma cholesterol were lower in South Asians than in Europeans; in a logistic model controlling for smoking and cholesterol, the odds ratio for major Q waves in South Asians compared with Europeans was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.5-3.8). Adjusting for Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia reduced this ratio to 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin resistance underlies the high coronary risk in South Asian people and strengthen the evidence for a fundamental role of this metabolic pattern in the etiology of coronary heart disease.

  • relationship of Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in south asians and europeans
    Diabetologia, 1992
    Co-Authors: Paul Mckeigue, T Pierpoint, Jane E Ferrie, Michael Marmot
    Abstract:

    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with centrally-distributed obesity. These disturbances are especially prevalent in people of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) descent. We examined the relationship of Glucose Intolerance to body fat pattern in a population survey of 2936 men and 537 women of South Asian and European origin living in London, UK. In both groups Glucose Intolerance (defined as diabetes or impaired Glucose tolerance) was more strongly associated with waist-hip girth ratio than with skinfolds or body mass index. The associations between body mass index and Glucose Intolerance were fully accounted for by waist-hip ratio. In European men with normal Glucose tolerance fasting insulin levels were more strongly correlated with body mass index than with waist-hip ratio. Physical activity scores were lower in South Asians than in Europeans but no statistically significant associations between Glucose Intolerance and low physical activity were detectable. Leisure-time physical activity scores were inversely correlated with 2 h insulin levels in both groups. In contrast with other studies these results suggest that a specific effect of intra-abdominal fat deposition underlies the association between Glucose Intolerance and obesity. The association between hyperinsulinaemia and obesity is less specific for centrally-distributed fat. When measured appropriately waist-hip ratio is the most valid anthropometric index for identifying individuals whose obesity predisposes them to Glucose Intolerance.

Adina Weinberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Artificial sweeteners induce Glucose Intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
    Nature, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jotham Suez, Niv Zmora, Gili Zilberman-schapira, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Shlomit Gilad, Christoph A Thaiss, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Adina Weinberger
    Abstract:

    Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), widely used food additives considered to be safe and beneficial alternatives to sugars, are shown here to lead to the development of Glucose Intolerance through compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota of mice, and the deleterious metabolic effects are transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplant; NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance are also demonstrated in healthy human subjects. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of Glucose Intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage. We have been using non-caloric artificial sweeteners for more than a century. Today the food industry is using them in ever-greater quantities in 'diet' foodstuffs and they are recommended for weight loss and for individuals with Glucose Intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eran Elinav and colleagues show that consumption of the three most commonly used non-caloric artificial sweeteners — saccharin, sucralose and aspartame — directly induces a propensity for obesity and Glucose Intolerance in mice. These effects are mediated by changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota; deleterious metabolic effects can be transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplantation and can be abrogated by antibiotic treatment. The authors demonstrate that artificial sweeteners can induce dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects, and suggest that it may be necessary to develop new nutritional strategies tailored to the individual and to variations in the gut microbiota.

  • Artificial sweeteners induce Glucose Intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
    Nature, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jotham Suez, Niv Zmora, Gili Zilberman-schapira, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Shlomit Gilad, Christoph A Thaiss, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Adina Weinberger
    Abstract:

    Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of Glucose Intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.

Jotham Suez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Artificial sweeteners induce Glucose Intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
    Nature, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jotham Suez, Niv Zmora, Gili Zilberman-schapira, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Shlomit Gilad, Christoph A Thaiss, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Adina Weinberger
    Abstract:

    Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), widely used food additives considered to be safe and beneficial alternatives to sugars, are shown here to lead to the development of Glucose Intolerance through compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota of mice, and the deleterious metabolic effects are transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplant; NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance are also demonstrated in healthy human subjects. Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of Glucose Intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage. We have been using non-caloric artificial sweeteners for more than a century. Today the food industry is using them in ever-greater quantities in 'diet' foodstuffs and they are recommended for weight loss and for individuals with Glucose Intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eran Elinav and colleagues show that consumption of the three most commonly used non-caloric artificial sweeteners — saccharin, sucralose and aspartame — directly induces a propensity for obesity and Glucose Intolerance in mice. These effects are mediated by changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota; deleterious metabolic effects can be transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplantation and can be abrogated by antibiotic treatment. The authors demonstrate that artificial sweeteners can induce dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects, and suggest that it may be necessary to develop new nutritional strategies tailored to the individual and to variations in the gut microbiota.

  • Artificial sweeteners induce Glucose Intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
    Nature, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jotham Suez, Niv Zmora, Gili Zilberman-schapira, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Shlomit Gilad, Christoph A Thaiss, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Adina Weinberger
    Abstract:

    Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of Glucose Intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and Glucose Intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.

T Pierpoint - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of early onset coronary heart disease in south asian men with Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia
    Circulation, 1993
    Co-Authors: P M Mckeigue, T Pierpoint, J E Ferrie, Michael Marmot
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Rates of coronary heart disease are higher in South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis) settled overseas than in other ethnic groups. We tested the hypothesis that this excess risk results from metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 1,421 South Asian men and 1,515 European men aged 40-69 years in London examined in the Southall Study. Prevalence of ischemic ECG abnormalities was higher in South Asians than in Europeans (17% versus 12%, p < 0.001), with an excess of major Q waves (Minnesota codes 1-1 or 1-2) in younger South Asian men (p = 0.01 for the age-ethnicity interaction). Major Q waves were strongly associated with Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in younger South Asians; these factors accounted statistically for 73% of major Q waves in those aged 40-54 years. Age-standardized prevalence of a positive history of coronary heart disease was similar in South Asians and Europeans (8.5% versus 8.2%, NS), and positive history without Q waves was not associated with Glucose Intolerance or hyperinsulinemia in South Asians. Smoking rates and average plasma cholesterol were lower in South Asians than in Europeans; in a logistic model controlling for smoking and cholesterol, the odds ratio for major Q waves in South Asians compared with Europeans was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.5-3.8). Adjusting for Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinemia reduced this ratio to 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5). CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin resistance underlies the high coronary risk in South Asian people and strengthen the evidence for a fundamental role of this metabolic pattern in the etiology of coronary heart disease.

  • relationship of Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in south asians and europeans
    Diabetologia, 1992
    Co-Authors: Paul Mckeigue, T Pierpoint, Jane E Ferrie, Michael Marmot
    Abstract:

    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with centrally-distributed obesity. These disturbances are especially prevalent in people of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) descent. We examined the relationship of Glucose Intolerance to body fat pattern in a population survey of 2936 men and 537 women of South Asian and European origin living in London, UK. In both groups Glucose Intolerance (defined as diabetes or impaired Glucose tolerance) was more strongly associated with waist-hip girth ratio than with skinfolds or body mass index. The associations between body mass index and Glucose Intolerance were fully accounted for by waist-hip ratio. In European men with normal Glucose tolerance fasting insulin levels were more strongly correlated with body mass index than with waist-hip ratio. Physical activity scores were lower in South Asians than in Europeans but no statistically significant associations between Glucose Intolerance and low physical activity were detectable. Leisure-time physical activity scores were inversely correlated with 2 h insulin levels in both groups. In contrast with other studies these results suggest that a specific effect of intra-abdominal fat deposition underlies the association between Glucose Intolerance and obesity. The association between hyperinsulinaemia and obesity is less specific for centrally-distributed fat. When measured appropriately waist-hip ratio is the most valid anthropometric index for identifying individuals whose obesity predisposes them to Glucose Intolerance.

Paul Mckeigue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relation of high blood pressure to Glucose Intolerance plasma lipids and educational status in an arabian gulf population
    International Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Faisal Almahroos, Khaldoon Alroomi, Paul Mckeigue
    Abstract:

    Background In Bahrain and other populations of the Arabian Peninsula, Glucose Intolerance is associated with raised plasma total cholesterol, postmenopausal status and low educational status. These associations are not generally seen in other populations with high diabetes prevalence. A study was undertaken in order to determine if hypertension in Bahrainis is associated with the same factors as those related to Glucose Intolerance. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2120 Bahrainis aged 40‐69 years. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (defined as current treatment for hypertension, systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >95 mmHg) rose with increasing degrees of Glucose Intolerance. Age- and sexstandardized prevalence of hypertension was 21% (95% CI : 19‐24%) in those with normal Glucose tolerance, 31% (95% CI : 27‐36%) in those with impaired Glucose tolerance, and 38% (95% CI : 34‐42%) in those with diabetes. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age and sex, raised blood pressure was independently associated with waist girth, plasma cholesterol, Glucose Intolerance, family history of hypertension and (in women) postmenopausal status. There was an inverse relationship between blood pressure and educational status that was independent of other variables. This association parallels the inverse relationship of diabetes to educational level and is consistent with low educational level being a marker for socioeconomic deprivation in early life in this population. Conclusion The high prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes in Bahrainis are manifestations of a pattern of metabolic disturbances that includes raised plasma cholesterol levels. Both hypertension and diabetes are associated with low educational status, which in this population is a marker for socioeconomic deprivation in early life. This suggests that the risk of hypertension may be set by environmental factors in early life.

  • relationship of Glucose Intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in south asians and europeans
    Diabetologia, 1992
    Co-Authors: Paul Mckeigue, T Pierpoint, Jane E Ferrie, Michael Marmot
    Abstract:

    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with centrally-distributed obesity. These disturbances are especially prevalent in people of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) descent. We examined the relationship of Glucose Intolerance to body fat pattern in a population survey of 2936 men and 537 women of South Asian and European origin living in London, UK. In both groups Glucose Intolerance (defined as diabetes or impaired Glucose tolerance) was more strongly associated with waist-hip girth ratio than with skinfolds or body mass index. The associations between body mass index and Glucose Intolerance were fully accounted for by waist-hip ratio. In European men with normal Glucose tolerance fasting insulin levels were more strongly correlated with body mass index than with waist-hip ratio. Physical activity scores were lower in South Asians than in Europeans but no statistically significant associations between Glucose Intolerance and low physical activity were detectable. Leisure-time physical activity scores were inversely correlated with 2 h insulin levels in both groups. In contrast with other studies these results suggest that a specific effect of intra-abdominal fat deposition underlies the association between Glucose Intolerance and obesity. The association between hyperinsulinaemia and obesity is less specific for centrally-distributed fat. When measured appropriately waist-hip ratio is the most valid anthropometric index for identifying individuals whose obesity predisposes them to Glucose Intolerance.