The Experts below are selected from a list of 2016 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jose R Ochoagomez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a brief review on industrial alternatives for the manufacturing of Glycerol Carbonate a green chemical
Organic Process Research & Development, 2012Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Mikel BelsueAbstract:Glycerol Carbonate is one the Glycerol derivatives which attracts attention for industrial applications. This review compares strategies for its synthesis, and their analyses lead to the conclusion...
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and co2 fixation activation agent
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Javier Nietomestre, Belen Maestromadurga, Mikel BelsueAbstract:a b s t r a c t The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, a Glycerol derivative easily obtained by reacting Glycerol with HCl, and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and CO2 fixation and activation agent is reported. The influence on conversions and yields of triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2- propanediol molar ratio, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time has been studied. A 3-chloro- 1,2-propanediol conversion of 100% and a Glycerol Carbonate yield of 90% are obtained at 100 ◦C, using a triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2-propanediol molar ratio of 1.5, a carbon dioxide pressure of 25 bar and 60 min. Glycerol was the only byproduct detected in 4-6% yields independently of experimental conditions. Above 100 ◦C, Glycerol Carbonate yield decreases dramatically due to Glycerol Carbonate polymerization resulting in a polyGlycerol mixture. The yield of Glycerol Carbonate is strongly and negatively influenced by the presence of water. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the first step is the formation of a zwitterionic adduct between triethylamine and CO2 which reacts with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol leading to an intermediate which evolves towards Glycerol Carbonate either directly or through the glycidol intermediate.
-
solvent free synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and potassium hydrogen Carbonate
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Jose R Ochoagomez, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Ainhoa Alonsovicario, Jesus TorrecillasoriaAbstract:BACKGROUND: An indirect solvent-free synthetic approach for obtaining Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from Glycerol and CO2 through their more reactive and easily synthesizable derivatives 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (HAL) and potassium (hydrogen) Carbonate has been studied. RESULTS: The reaction is fast with source of carbonation and temperature having a strong influence on the results. A yield of 80% Glycerol Carbonate together with a simultaneous substantial production of glycidol (0.56 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate) are obtained using K2CO3 as the carbonation source at 80 °C, a reaction time of 30 min and a 3:1 HAL/K2CO3 molar ratio. A lower yield of Glycerol Carbonate (60%) is obtained from KHCO3 after 50 min with the other experimental conditions remaining unchanged. In this case, glycidol formation is zero or insignificant. Glycerol is also obtained in high yields, although in much lower amounts from KHCO3 (∼0.59 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate independent of operating conditions) than from K2CO3 (0.84–1.1 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate, depending on experimental conditions). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed synthetic strategy overcomes the currently difficult direct reaction between Glycerol and CO2, leading to the simultaneous synthesis of two valuable chemicals: Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol. However, Glycerol is also obtained in substantial amounts thus decreasing the overall yield of the process. Thus, methods for preventing its formation must be developed for industrial feasibility. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification catalyst screening and reaction optimization
Applied Catalysis A-general, 2009Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Belen Maestromadurga, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Jesus Torrecillasoria, Leire Lorenzoibarreta, Maria C VillaranvelascoAbstract:Abstract The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification is reported. Firstly, a catalyst screening has been performed by studying the influence of different basic and acid homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts on reaction results. Catalytic activity is extremely low for acidic catalysts indicating that reaction rate is very slow. On the contrary, high conversions and yields are obtained for basic catalysts. Catalytic activity increases with catalyst basic strength. The best heterogeneous catalyst is CaO. Calcination of CaO increases dramatically its activity due to calcium hydroxide removal from its surface. A reaction optimization study has been carried out with CaO as catalyst by using a factorial design of experiments leading to operation conditions for achieving a 100% conversion and a >95% yield at 1.5 h reaction time: 95 °C, catalyst/Glycerol molar ratio = 0.06 and dimethyl Carbonate/Glycerol molar ratio = 3.5. Carbonate Glycerol can be easily isolated by filtering the catalyst out and evaporating the filtrate at vacuum. Leaching of catalyst in reaction medium was lower than 0.34%. Catalyst recycling leads to a quick decrease in both conversions and yields probably due to a combination of catalyst deactivation by CaO exposure to air between catalytic runs, and a decrease in the catalyst surface area available for reaction due to particle agglomeration.
Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a brief review on industrial alternatives for the manufacturing of Glycerol Carbonate a green chemical
Organic Process Research & Development, 2012Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Mikel BelsueAbstract:Glycerol Carbonate is one the Glycerol derivatives which attracts attention for industrial applications. This review compares strategies for its synthesis, and their analyses lead to the conclusion...
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and co2 fixation activation agent
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Javier Nietomestre, Belen Maestromadurga, Mikel BelsueAbstract:a b s t r a c t The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, a Glycerol derivative easily obtained by reacting Glycerol with HCl, and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and CO2 fixation and activation agent is reported. The influence on conversions and yields of triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2- propanediol molar ratio, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time has been studied. A 3-chloro- 1,2-propanediol conversion of 100% and a Glycerol Carbonate yield of 90% are obtained at 100 ◦C, using a triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2-propanediol molar ratio of 1.5, a carbon dioxide pressure of 25 bar and 60 min. Glycerol was the only byproduct detected in 4-6% yields independently of experimental conditions. Above 100 ◦C, Glycerol Carbonate yield decreases dramatically due to Glycerol Carbonate polymerization resulting in a polyGlycerol mixture. The yield of Glycerol Carbonate is strongly and negatively influenced by the presence of water. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the first step is the formation of a zwitterionic adduct between triethylamine and CO2 which reacts with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol leading to an intermediate which evolves towards Glycerol Carbonate either directly or through the glycidol intermediate.
-
solvent free synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and potassium hydrogen Carbonate
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Jose R Ochoagomez, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Ainhoa Alonsovicario, Jesus TorrecillasoriaAbstract:BACKGROUND: An indirect solvent-free synthetic approach for obtaining Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from Glycerol and CO2 through their more reactive and easily synthesizable derivatives 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (HAL) and potassium (hydrogen) Carbonate has been studied. RESULTS: The reaction is fast with source of carbonation and temperature having a strong influence on the results. A yield of 80% Glycerol Carbonate together with a simultaneous substantial production of glycidol (0.56 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate) are obtained using K2CO3 as the carbonation source at 80 °C, a reaction time of 30 min and a 3:1 HAL/K2CO3 molar ratio. A lower yield of Glycerol Carbonate (60%) is obtained from KHCO3 after 50 min with the other experimental conditions remaining unchanged. In this case, glycidol formation is zero or insignificant. Glycerol is also obtained in high yields, although in much lower amounts from KHCO3 (∼0.59 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate independent of operating conditions) than from K2CO3 (0.84–1.1 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate, depending on experimental conditions). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed synthetic strategy overcomes the currently difficult direct reaction between Glycerol and CO2, leading to the simultaneous synthesis of two valuable chemicals: Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol. However, Glycerol is also obtained in substantial amounts thus decreasing the overall yield of the process. Thus, methods for preventing its formation must be developed for industrial feasibility. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification catalyst screening and reaction optimization
Applied Catalysis A-general, 2009Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Belen Maestromadurga, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Jesus Torrecillasoria, Leire Lorenzoibarreta, Maria C VillaranvelascoAbstract:Abstract The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification is reported. Firstly, a catalyst screening has been performed by studying the influence of different basic and acid homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts on reaction results. Catalytic activity is extremely low for acidic catalysts indicating that reaction rate is very slow. On the contrary, high conversions and yields are obtained for basic catalysts. Catalytic activity increases with catalyst basic strength. The best heterogeneous catalyst is CaO. Calcination of CaO increases dramatically its activity due to calcium hydroxide removal from its surface. A reaction optimization study has been carried out with CaO as catalyst by using a factorial design of experiments leading to operation conditions for achieving a 100% conversion and a >95% yield at 1.5 h reaction time: 95 °C, catalyst/Glycerol molar ratio = 0.06 and dimethyl Carbonate/Glycerol molar ratio = 3.5. Carbonate Glycerol can be easily isolated by filtering the catalyst out and evaporating the filtrate at vacuum. Leaching of catalyst in reaction medium was lower than 0.34%. Catalyst recycling leads to a quick decrease in both conversions and yields probably due to a combination of catalyst deactivation by CaO exposure to air between catalytic runs, and a decrease in the catalyst surface area available for reaction due to particle agglomeration.
Mikel Belsue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a brief review on industrial alternatives for the manufacturing of Glycerol Carbonate a green chemical
Organic Process Research & Development, 2012Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Mikel BelsueAbstract:Glycerol Carbonate is one the Glycerol derivatives which attracts attention for industrial applications. This review compares strategies for its synthesis, and their analyses lead to the conclusion...
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and co2 fixation activation agent
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Javier Nietomestre, Belen Maestromadurga, Mikel BelsueAbstract:a b s t r a c t The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, a Glycerol derivative easily obtained by reacting Glycerol with HCl, and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and CO2 fixation and activation agent is reported. The influence on conversions and yields of triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2- propanediol molar ratio, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time has been studied. A 3-chloro- 1,2-propanediol conversion of 100% and a Glycerol Carbonate yield of 90% are obtained at 100 ◦C, using a triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2-propanediol molar ratio of 1.5, a carbon dioxide pressure of 25 bar and 60 min. Glycerol was the only byproduct detected in 4-6% yields independently of experimental conditions. Above 100 ◦C, Glycerol Carbonate yield decreases dramatically due to Glycerol Carbonate polymerization resulting in a polyGlycerol mixture. The yield of Glycerol Carbonate is strongly and negatively influenced by the presence of water. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the first step is the formation of a zwitterionic adduct between triethylamine and CO2 which reacts with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol leading to an intermediate which evolves towards Glycerol Carbonate either directly or through the glycidol intermediate.
Camilo A Ramirezlopez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a brief review on industrial alternatives for the manufacturing of Glycerol Carbonate a green chemical
Organic Process Research & Development, 2012Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Mikel BelsueAbstract:Glycerol Carbonate is one the Glycerol derivatives which attracts attention for industrial applications. This review compares strategies for its synthesis, and their analyses lead to the conclusion...
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and co2 fixation activation agent
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Javier Nietomestre, Belen Maestromadurga, Mikel BelsueAbstract:a b s t r a c t The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, a Glycerol derivative easily obtained by reacting Glycerol with HCl, and carbon dioxide using triethylamine as both solvent and CO2 fixation and activation agent is reported. The influence on conversions and yields of triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2- propanediol molar ratio, temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time has been studied. A 3-chloro- 1,2-propanediol conversion of 100% and a Glycerol Carbonate yield of 90% are obtained at 100 ◦C, using a triethylamine/3-chloro-1,2-propanediol molar ratio of 1.5, a carbon dioxide pressure of 25 bar and 60 min. Glycerol was the only byproduct detected in 4-6% yields independently of experimental conditions. Above 100 ◦C, Glycerol Carbonate yield decreases dramatically due to Glycerol Carbonate polymerization resulting in a polyGlycerol mixture. The yield of Glycerol Carbonate is strongly and negatively influenced by the presence of water. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the first step is the formation of a zwitterionic adduct between triethylamine and CO2 which reacts with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol leading to an intermediate which evolves towards Glycerol Carbonate either directly or through the glycidol intermediate.
-
solvent free synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from 3 chloro 1 2 propanediol and potassium hydrogen Carbonate
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Jose R Ochoagomez, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Ainhoa Alonsovicario, Jesus TorrecillasoriaAbstract:BACKGROUND: An indirect solvent-free synthetic approach for obtaining Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol from Glycerol and CO2 through their more reactive and easily synthesizable derivatives 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (HAL) and potassium (hydrogen) Carbonate has been studied. RESULTS: The reaction is fast with source of carbonation and temperature having a strong influence on the results. A yield of 80% Glycerol Carbonate together with a simultaneous substantial production of glycidol (0.56 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate) are obtained using K2CO3 as the carbonation source at 80 °C, a reaction time of 30 min and a 3:1 HAL/K2CO3 molar ratio. A lower yield of Glycerol Carbonate (60%) is obtained from KHCO3 after 50 min with the other experimental conditions remaining unchanged. In this case, glycidol formation is zero or insignificant. Glycerol is also obtained in high yields, although in much lower amounts from KHCO3 (∼0.59 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate independent of operating conditions) than from K2CO3 (0.84–1.1 mol mol−1 Glycerol Carbonate, depending on experimental conditions). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed synthetic strategy overcomes the currently difficult direct reaction between Glycerol and CO2, leading to the simultaneous synthesis of two valuable chemicals: Glycerol Carbonate and glycidol. However, Glycerol is also obtained in substantial amounts thus decreasing the overall yield of the process. Thus, methods for preventing its formation must be developed for industrial feasibility. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification catalyst screening and reaction optimization
Applied Catalysis A-general, 2009Co-Authors: Jose R Ochoagomez, Olga Gomezjimenezaberasturi, Camilo A Ramirezlopez, Belen Maestromadurga, Amaia Pesquerarodriguez, Jesus Torrecillasoria, Leire Lorenzoibarreta, Maria C VillaranvelascoAbstract:Abstract The synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and dimethyl Carbonate by transesterification is reported. Firstly, a catalyst screening has been performed by studying the influence of different basic and acid homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts on reaction results. Catalytic activity is extremely low for acidic catalysts indicating that reaction rate is very slow. On the contrary, high conversions and yields are obtained for basic catalysts. Catalytic activity increases with catalyst basic strength. The best heterogeneous catalyst is CaO. Calcination of CaO increases dramatically its activity due to calcium hydroxide removal from its surface. A reaction optimization study has been carried out with CaO as catalyst by using a factorial design of experiments leading to operation conditions for achieving a 100% conversion and a >95% yield at 1.5 h reaction time: 95 °C, catalyst/Glycerol molar ratio = 0.06 and dimethyl Carbonate/Glycerol molar ratio = 3.5. Carbonate Glycerol can be easily isolated by filtering the catalyst out and evaporating the filtrate at vacuum. Leaching of catalyst in reaction medium was lower than 0.34%. Catalyst recycling leads to a quick decrease in both conversions and yields probably due to a combination of catalyst deactivation by CaO exposure to air between catalytic runs, and a decrease in the catalyst surface area available for reaction due to particle agglomeration.
N Lingaiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
incorporation of zn2 ions into the secondary structure of heteropoly tungstate catalytic efficiency for synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and urea
Catalysis Science & Technology, 2014Co-Authors: K Jagadeeswaraiah, P Sai S Prasad, Ch Ramesh Kumar, N LingaiahAbstract:Zinc exchanged heteropoly tungstate (ZnxTPA) catalysts were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectroscopy. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated for the carbonylation of Glycerol using urea as a carbonylating agent. ZnxTPA catalysts showed high activity for Glycerol Carbonate synthesis compared to the parent TPA. The activity of ZnxTPA catalysts depended on the number of Zn2+ ions in the secondary structure of heteropoly tungstate. Catalysts with partial exchange of Zn with the protons of TPA (Zn1TPA) exhibited high activity towards Glycerol Carbonate synthesis. Exchange of protons of TPA with Zn2+ ions resulted in generation of Lewis acidic sites. The changes in surface and structural properties of Zn1TPA catalysts with change in calcination temperature were also evaluated. The catalytic activities of ZnxTPA catalysts were explained based on the variation in their properties. Reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, catalyst weight and Glycerol to urea ratio were also optimized.
-
samarium exchanged heteropoly tungstate an efficient solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and benzylation of anisole
Chemcatchem, 2012Co-Authors: Ch Ramesh Kumar, P Sai S Prasad, K Jagadeeswaraiah, N LingaiahAbstract:The utilization of biomass and, in particular, biodiesel is wellestablished as a green alternative to reduce carbon emissions. One major drawback in the biodiesel industry is the production of large amounts of Glycerol byproduct during the transesterification process. This is responsible for a surplus of Glycerol in the current market. At the same time, changing Glycerol into high value-added chemicals is commercially desirable. Several methodologies are currently under investigation for the conversion of Glycerol into value-added products. Options for Glycerol conversion under investigation are selective oxidation to different products, reduction to 1,2 and 1,3propanediol, esterification to fuel additives, and carbonylation to Glycerol Carbonate. Of the chemicals derived from Glycerol, Glycerol Carbonate is a high value-added product with many potential applications. Different synthetic procedures are known for the preparation of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol. The reaction of Glycerol with phosgene, carbonation of Glycerol with dimethyl Carbonate, ethylene Carbonate, reaction of Glycerol with urea, and carbonation of Glycerol with carbon dioxide, are the main routes proposed for the synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate. A major drawback of the reaction between Glycerol and phosgene is that phosgene is a toxic and environmentally unfriendly reactant. Transesterification with Carbonates is not entirely appropriate because alkylene Carbonate is typically prepared through a petrochemical process. The production of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst is possibly the best approach, but it requires high temperature and pressure and the yields of Glycerol Carbonate are too low for practical purposes. An alternative route for the synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate is carbonylation of Glycerol with dimethyl Carbonate or urea. Friedel–Crafts alkylation is one of the most important reactions for production of fine chemicals and dielectric fluids and is a key reaction for all fields from petrochemicals to pharmaceutical chemicals. These reactions are performed industrially, by using conventional strong homogeneous acid catalysts, such as AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3, ZnCl2, and H2SO4. [25–27] New environmental legislation compels replacement of the commonly used homogeneous acid catalysts by solid acid catalysts, which are more environmentally friendly and lead to minimal pollution and waste. There are many reports on the solid acid catalyzed alkylation of aromatics with alcohol, alky halides, and ethers. Examples of solid acid catalysts are inorganic fluoride, Nb2O5–WOx nano fiber, [29] niobium phosphate, gallosilicate, sulfated zirconia supported on MCM-41, zirconium pillar clays, Zr-SBA-15, Ga-, Al-, AlGA-SBA-15, and heteropolyacids (HPAs) and their salts. The metal–oxygen clusters of the early transition metals in their highest oxidation states, also known as polyoxometalates are a significant class of inorganic compounds with potential applications in catalysis. These clusters exhibit strong Bronsted acidity, multistage redox activity, and remarkable thermal and hydrolytic stability, which are attractive properties, especially in the field of acid and oxidation catalysis. An interesting aspect of HPAs is their modification by proton exchange to tune the catalytic properties. The protons of the HPA are exchanged with different metal or alkali ions to modify its catalytic properties. For example, the exchange of protons of tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) with Cs results in a strong acid catalyst compared to the parent acid. Similarly, Samarium-exchanged heteropoly tungstate (SmxTPA) is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and urea. The catalysts with varying Sm content were prepared and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy. The activity of the catalysts is related to the Lewis and Bronsted acidity, which depends on the Sm content in the catalysts. Partially exchanged SmxTPA catalyst showed high activity, owing to a higher number of Lewis acidic sites. The catalyst exhibited consistent activity and selectivity during recycling. A plausible reaction mechanism is presented. The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the acid-catalyzed benzylation of anisole.
-
synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate by transesterification of Glycerol with dimethyl Carbonate over mg al zr catalysts
Applied Catalysis A-general, 2011Co-Authors: M Malyaadri, P Sai S Prasad, K Jagadeeswaraiah, N LingaiahAbstract:Abstract Glycerol Carbonate was synthesized by transesterification of Glycerol with dimethyl Carbonate using Mg/Al/Zr mixed oxide base catalysts. A series of Mg/Al/Zr catalysts were prepared with different molar ratios by using co-precipitation method and calcining at different temperatures. The catalysts were characterized by FT-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. The transesterification activity depends on the Mg/Al/Zr molar ratio and the catalyst with Mg/Al/Zr molar ratio of 3:1:1 showed excellent activity. The catalyst activity depends on the pretreatment temperature, structure and basicity of the catalysts. The transesterification activity of catalysts was correlated with the structural aspects and the amount of basicity. Various parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and molar ratio of dimethyl Carbonate to Glycerol were studied to optimize the reaction conditions.