The Experts below are selected from a list of 18561 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jianhua Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abscisic acid and the key enzymes and genes in sucrose to starch conversion in rice spikelets in response to soil drying during Grain Filling
Planta, 2015Co-Authors: Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang, Hao Zhang, Tingting Chen, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Main conclusion Abscisic acid mediates the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on Grain Filling through regulating the activities of key enzymes and expressions of genes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets. This study investigated if abscisic acid (ABA) would mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on Grain Filling through regulating the key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice (Oryza sativa L.) spikelets. Two rice cultivars were field-grown. Three treatments, well-watered (WW), moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD), were imposed from 6 days after full heading until maturity. When compared with those under the WW, Grain Filling rate, Grain weight, and sink activity, in terms of the activities and gene expression levels of sucrose synthase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme, in inferior spikelets were substantially increased under the MD, whereas they were markedly decreased in both superior and inferior spikelets under the SD. The two cultivars showed the same tendencies. Both MD and SD increased ABA content and expression levels of its biosynthesis genes in spikelets, with more increase under the SD than the MD. ABA content was significantly correlated with Grain Filling rate and sink activities under both WW and MD, while the correlations were not significant under the SD. Application of a low concentration ABA to WW plants imitated the results under the MD, and applying with a high concentration ABA showed the effect of the SD. The results suggest that ABA plays a vital role in Grain Filling through regulating sink activity and functions in a dose-dependent manner. An elevated ABA level under the MD enhances, whereas a too high level of ABA under the SD decreases, sink activity.
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polyamines and ethylene interact in rice Grains in response to soil drying during Grain Filling
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Tingting Chen, Jianchang Yang, Zhiqin Wang, Jingchao Wang, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:This study tested the hypothesis that the interaction between polyamines and ethylene may mediate the effects of soil drying on Grain Filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two rice cultivars were pot grown. Three treatments, well-watered, moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD), were imposed from 8 d post-anthesis until maturity. The endosperm cell division rate, Grain-Filling rate, and Grain weight of earlier flowering superior spikelets showed no significant differences among the three treatments. However, those of the later flowering inferior spikelets were significantly increased under MD and significantly reduced under SD when compared with those which were well watered. The two cultivars showed the same tendencies. MD increased the contents of free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm), the activities of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase and Spd synthase, and expression levels of polyamine synthesis genes, and decreased the ethylene evolution rate, the contents of 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and hydrogen peroxide, the activities of ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, and polyamine oxidase, and the expression levels of ethylene synthesis genes in inferior spikelets. SD exhibited the opposite effects. Application of Spd, Spm, or an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis to rice panicles significantly reduced ethylene and ACC levels, but significantly increased Spd and Spm contents, Grain-Filling rate, and Grain weight of inferior spikelets. The results were reversed when ACC or an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis was applied. The results suggest that a potential metabolic interaction between polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis responds to soil drying and mediates the Grain Filling of inferior spikelets in rice.
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pre anthesis non structural carbohydrate reserve in the stem enhances the sink strength of inferior spikelets during Grain Filling of rice
Field Crops Research, 2011Co-Authors: Zuanhua Huang, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchnag Yang, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Abstract Sink strength plays an important role in Grain Filling of cereals but how it is related to the pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves is not clear. This study investigated if and how an increase in NSC reserves could enhance sink strength, and consequently improve Grain Filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier flowering superior spikelets) for rice varieties with large panicles. Two “super” rice varieties (the recently bred high-yielding rice) and two New Plant Type (NPT, named in IRRI for the extra-large panicle) rice lines were compared with two elite inbred varieties under field-grown conditions. Three nitrogen (N) treatments, applied at the stages of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation or both, were adopted with no N application during the mid-season as control. Both super rice and NPT rice showed a greater yield capacity as a result of a larger panicle than the elite inbred rice. However, a lower percentage of filled Grains limited the realization of higher yield potential in super rice and especially in NPT rice, due to their lower Grain Filling rate and the smaller Grain weight of their inferior spikelets. The low Grain Filling rate and small Grain weight of inferior spikelets are mainly attributed to a poor sink strength as a result of small sink size (small number of endosperm cells) and low sink activity, e.g. low activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase) and adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The amounts of NSC in the stem and NSC per spikelet at the heading time are significantly and positively correlated with sink strength (number of endosperm cells and activities of SuSase and AGPase), Grain Filling rate, and Grain weight of inferior spikelets. Nitrogen application at the spikelet differentiation stage significantly increased, whereas N application at the panicle initiation or at both panicle initiation and spikelet differentiation stages, significantly reduced, NSC per spikelet at the heading time, sink strength, Grain Filling rate, and Grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice. The results suggest that pre-anthesis NSC reserves in the stem are closely associated with the sink strength during Grain Filling of rice, and N application at the spikelet differentiation stage would be a good practice to increase pre-anthesis NSC reserves, and consequently to enhance sink strength for rice varieties with large panicles, such as super rice varieties.
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involvement of cytokinins in the Grain Filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Hao Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Zhiqin Wang, Tintin Chen, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain Filling. This study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with Grain Filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. Three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (WMD), alternate wetting and severe soil drying (WSD), and conventional irrigation (CI, continuously flooded), were imposed after flowering. No significant differences in Grain-Filling rate, Grain weight, and cytokinin content were observed for the earlier-flowering superior spikelets among the three irrigation regimes. For the later-flowering inferior spikelets, however, their Grain-Filling rate and Grain weight were significantly increased in the WMD and significantly reduced in the WSD when compared with those in the CI. Cytokinin contents in shoots (inferior spikelets and the flag leaves) in the WMD at the soil drying time were comparable with those in the CI, but they were significantly increased when plants were rewatered. The WSD significantly reduced cytokinin contents in the shoot either during soil drying or during the rewatering period. Cytokinin contents in roots showed no significant difference between the WMD and CI regimes. The WSD increased trans-zeatin-type cytokinins, whereas it reduced isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, in roots. Grain-Filling rate and Grain weight of inferior spikelets were very significantly correlated with cytokinin contents in these spikelets. The results suggest that a post-anthesis WMD holds great promise to improve Grain Filling of inferior spikelets through elevating cytokinin levels in the rice shoot.
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Grain Filling problem in super rice
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Jianchang Yang, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, especially the newly bred 'super' rice, have numerous spikelets on a panicle with a large yield capacity. However, these cultivars often fail to achieve their high yield potential due to poor Grain-Filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). Conventional thinking to explain the poor Grain-Filling is the consequence of carbon limitation. Recent studies, however, have shown that carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem because they have adequate sucrose at their initial Grain-Filling stage. The low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism may contribute to the poor Grain-Filling. Proper field practices, such as moderate soil drying during mid- and late Grain-Filling stages, could solve some problems in poor Grain-Filling. Further studies are needed by molecular approaches to investigate the signal transport, the hormonal action, the gene expressions, and the biochemical processes in inferior spikelets.
Jianchang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abscisic acid and the key enzymes and genes in sucrose to starch conversion in rice spikelets in response to soil drying during Grain Filling
Planta, 2015Co-Authors: Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang, Hao Zhang, Tingting Chen, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Main conclusion Abscisic acid mediates the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on Grain Filling through regulating the activities of key enzymes and expressions of genes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets. This study investigated if abscisic acid (ABA) would mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on Grain Filling through regulating the key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice (Oryza sativa L.) spikelets. Two rice cultivars were field-grown. Three treatments, well-watered (WW), moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD), were imposed from 6 days after full heading until maturity. When compared with those under the WW, Grain Filling rate, Grain weight, and sink activity, in terms of the activities and gene expression levels of sucrose synthase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme, in inferior spikelets were substantially increased under the MD, whereas they were markedly decreased in both superior and inferior spikelets under the SD. The two cultivars showed the same tendencies. Both MD and SD increased ABA content and expression levels of its biosynthesis genes in spikelets, with more increase under the SD than the MD. ABA content was significantly correlated with Grain Filling rate and sink activities under both WW and MD, while the correlations were not significant under the SD. Application of a low concentration ABA to WW plants imitated the results under the MD, and applying with a high concentration ABA showed the effect of the SD. The results suggest that ABA plays a vital role in Grain Filling through regulating sink activity and functions in a dose-dependent manner. An elevated ABA level under the MD enhances, whereas a too high level of ABA under the SD decreases, sink activity.
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polyamines and ethylene interact in rice Grains in response to soil drying during Grain Filling
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Tingting Chen, Jianchang Yang, Zhiqin Wang, Jingchao Wang, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:This study tested the hypothesis that the interaction between polyamines and ethylene may mediate the effects of soil drying on Grain Filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two rice cultivars were pot grown. Three treatments, well-watered, moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD), were imposed from 8 d post-anthesis until maturity. The endosperm cell division rate, Grain-Filling rate, and Grain weight of earlier flowering superior spikelets showed no significant differences among the three treatments. However, those of the later flowering inferior spikelets were significantly increased under MD and significantly reduced under SD when compared with those which were well watered. The two cultivars showed the same tendencies. MD increased the contents of free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm), the activities of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase and Spd synthase, and expression levels of polyamine synthesis genes, and decreased the ethylene evolution rate, the contents of 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and hydrogen peroxide, the activities of ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, and polyamine oxidase, and the expression levels of ethylene synthesis genes in inferior spikelets. SD exhibited the opposite effects. Application of Spd, Spm, or an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis to rice panicles significantly reduced ethylene and ACC levels, but significantly increased Spd and Spm contents, Grain-Filling rate, and Grain weight of inferior spikelets. The results were reversed when ACC or an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis was applied. The results suggest that a potential metabolic interaction between polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis responds to soil drying and mediates the Grain Filling of inferior spikelets in rice.
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involvement of cytokinins in the Grain Filling of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Hao Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Zhiqin Wang, Tintin Chen, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain Filling. This study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with Grain Filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. Three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (WMD), alternate wetting and severe soil drying (WSD), and conventional irrigation (CI, continuously flooded), were imposed after flowering. No significant differences in Grain-Filling rate, Grain weight, and cytokinin content were observed for the earlier-flowering superior spikelets among the three irrigation regimes. For the later-flowering inferior spikelets, however, their Grain-Filling rate and Grain weight were significantly increased in the WMD and significantly reduced in the WSD when compared with those in the CI. Cytokinin contents in shoots (inferior spikelets and the flag leaves) in the WMD at the soil drying time were comparable with those in the CI, but they were significantly increased when plants were rewatered. The WSD significantly reduced cytokinin contents in the shoot either during soil drying or during the rewatering period. Cytokinin contents in roots showed no significant difference between the WMD and CI regimes. The WSD increased trans-zeatin-type cytokinins, whereas it reduced isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, in roots. Grain-Filling rate and Grain weight of inferior spikelets were very significantly correlated with cytokinin contents in these spikelets. The results suggest that a post-anthesis WMD holds great promise to improve Grain Filling of inferior spikelets through elevating cytokinin levels in the rice shoot.
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Grain Filling problem in super rice
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Jianchang Yang, Jianhua ZhangAbstract:Modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, especially the newly bred 'super' rice, have numerous spikelets on a panicle with a large yield capacity. However, these cultivars often fail to achieve their high yield potential due to poor Grain-Filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). Conventional thinking to explain the poor Grain-Filling is the consequence of carbon limitation. Recent studies, however, have shown that carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem because they have adequate sucrose at their initial Grain-Filling stage. The low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism may contribute to the poor Grain-Filling. Proper field practices, such as moderate soil drying during mid- and late Grain-Filling stages, could solve some problems in poor Grain-Filling. Further studies are needed by molecular approaches to investigate the signal transport, the hormonal action, the gene expressions, and the biochemical processes in inferior spikelets.
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abscisic acid and ethylene interact in wheat Grains in response to soil drying during Grain Filling
New Phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: Jianchang Yang, Jianhua Zhang, Kai Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Lijun LiuAbstract:Grain Filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by soil drying and plant hormones. This study investigated how the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene is involved in mediating the effects of soil drying on Grain Filling in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Two wheat cultivars, cv. Yangmai 6 and cv. Yangmai 11, were field-grown, and three irrigation treatments, well-watered, moderately soil-dried (MD) and severely soil-dried (SD), were imposed from 9 d post anthesis until maturity. A higher ABA concentration and lower concentrations of ethylene and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were found in superior Grains (within a spike, those Grains that were filled earlier and reached a greater size) than in inferior Grains (within a spike, those Grains that were filled later and were smaller), and were associated with a higher Filling rate in the superior Grains. An increase in ABA concentration and reductions in ethylene and ACC concentrations in Grains under MD conditions increased the Grain-Filling rate, whereas much higher ethylene, ACC and ABA concentrations under SD conditions reduced the Grain-Filling rate. Application of chemical regulators gave similar results. The results did not differ between the two cultivars. The Grain-Filling rate in wheat is mediated by the balance between ABA and ethylene in the Grains, and an increase in the ratio of ABA to ethylene increases the Grain-Filling rate.
S H Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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qtl mapping for Grain Filling rate and yield related traits in rils of the chinese winter wheat population heshangmai yu8679
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: R.x. Wang, X Y Zhang, S H XiaoAbstract:A set of 142 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the cross Heshangmai × Yu8679 were tried in four ecological environments during the seasons 2006 and 2007. Nine agronomic traits comprising mean Grain Filling rate (GFRmean), maximum Grain Filling rate (GFRmax), Grain Filling duration (GFD), Grain number per ear (GNE), Grain weight per ear (GWE), flowering time (FT), maturation time (MT), plant height (PHT) and thousand Grain weight (TGW) were evaluated in Beijing (2006 and 2007), Chengdu (2007) and Hefei (2007). A genetic map comprising 173 SSR markers and two EST markers was generated. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for these agronomic traits. A total of 99 putative QTLs were identified for the nine traits over four environments except GFD, PHT and MT, measured in two environments (BJ07 and CD07), respectively. Of the QTL detected, 17 for GFRmean, 16 for GFRmax, 21 for TGW and 10 for GWE involving the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D and 7D were identified. Moreover, 13 genomic regions showing pleiotropic effects were detected in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6D and 7D; these QTL revealing pleiotropic effects may be informative for a better understanding of the genetic basis of Grain Filling rate and other yield-related traits, and represent potential targets for multi-trait marker aided selection in wheat.
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qtl mapping for Grain Filling rate and yield related traits in rils of the chinese winter wheat population heshangmai yu8679
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: R.x. Wang, X Y Zhang, S H XiaoAbstract:A set of 142 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the cross Heshangmai × Yu8679 were tried in four ecological environments during the seasons 2006 and 2007. Nine agronomic traits comprising mean Grain Filling rate (GFRmean), maximum Grain Filling rate (GFRmax), Grain Filling duration (GFD), Grain number per ear (GNE), Grain weight per ear (GWE), flowering time (FT), maturation time (MT), plant height (PHT) and thousand Grain weight (TGW) were evaluated in Beijing (2006 and 2007), Chengdu (2007) and Hefei (2007). A genetic map comprising 173 SSR markers and two EST markers was generated. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for these agronomic traits. A total of 99 putative QTLs were identified for the nine traits over four environments except GFD, PHT and MT, measured in two environments (BJ07 and CD07), respectively. Of the QTL detected, 17 for GFRmean, 16 for GFRmax, 21 for TGW and 10 for GWE involving the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D and 7D were identified. Moreover, 13 genomic regions showing pleiotropic effects were detected in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6D and 7D; these QTL revealing pleiotropic effects may be informative for a better understanding of the genetic basis of Grain Filling rate and other yield-related traits, and represent potential targets for multi-trait marker aided selection in wheat.
Motohiko Kondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sink production and Grain Filling ability of a new high yielding rice variety kitagenki
Field Crops Research, 2021Co-Authors: Atsushi Yagioka, Satoshi Hayashi, Kenji Kimiwada, Motohiko KondoAbstract:Abstract In recent years, several new high-yielding rice varieties (HYV) have been rapidly developed in Japan for multiple uses, including animal feed. Kitagenki (KG) is a new japonica-type HYV growing in the Hokkaido region, the most northern parts of Japan with a cool climate, and it is expected to replace the previously developed HYV: Kita-aoba (KA) and Tachijoubu (TA). However, the physiological traits of KG remain unknown. In this study, a five years field experiment was conducted to elucidate Grain yield and physiological traits of KG by comparing with KA and TA as well as with Nanatsuboshi (NA) as a reference. KG showed higher maximum Grain yield of 1082 g m−2, and its Grain yield was stably superior to those of KA, TA, and NA, throughout five years. The high Grain yield of KG was attributed to its higher sink capacity (1080 g m−2) than those of TA (967 g m−2) and NA (819 g m−2); and higher sink-Filling percentage (86.0 %) than that of KA (80.8 %). Compared with TA, KG had a higher harvest index (HI), shorter growth duration (GD), and a lower shoot dry matter at maturity (SDM). Compared with KA, KG had higher Grain-Filling ability on the secondary rachis branch (SRB), which was due to both higher source ability per spikelet and higher spikelet fertility. These physiological traits contributed significantly to increasing Grain-Filling ability. In particular, the source ability per spikelet was significantly different between KG and KA during the early Grain-Filling stage (0–20 days after full-heading [DAH]). As available carbohydrate sources, dry matter production (ΔW) during the Grain-Filling stage directly contributed to increasing filled Grain percentage, whereas stem nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation played a supportive role in compensating for the shortage of carbohydrate especially when the solar radiation was low. Further increase in Grain yield is expected by increasing the source ability in KA, whereas increasing both sink capacity and source ability would be useful in KG.
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varietal differences in sink production and Grain Filling ability in recently developed high yielding rice oryza sativa l varieties in japan
Field Crops Research, 2013Co-Authors: Satoshi Yoshinaga, Toshiyuki Takai, Yumiko Araisanoh, Tsutomu Ishimaru, Motohiko KondoAbstract:Abstract In Japan, the rice production oriented toward use for flour and animal feed to substitute for imported wheat flour and maize has been promoting, and many high-yielding varieties (HYVs) for the above purpose have been developed and released recently. In order to establish cultivation methods for newly released high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and to develop breeding targets for further increases in yield, evaluation of their yield potential and growth characteristics is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield potential and the constraints of the recently developed HYVs in Japan. Field trials were conducted for two years using five Japanese varieties including reference variety Nipponbare (NIP); japonica -dominant HYVs Bekoaoba (BEKO) and Momiroman (MOMI); indica -dominant HYVs Takanari (TAKA) and Hokuriku 193 (H193). We compared the sink capacity (total number of spikelet per unit area × a thousand Grain (brown rice) weight) and Grain-Filling ability in HYVs by the analysis of the characteristics related to them. The hulled Grain yields of the japonica -dominant HYVs were 9–23% greater, and those of indica -dominant HYVs were 24–34% greater than that of reference variety NIP, respectively. The main factor for the high yield was remarkably large sink capacity in HYVs due to the high sink production efficiency per unit of absorbed nitrogen (SPE). Although all HYVs showed high SPE, the yields showed varietal differences, in that the yields of japonica -dominant HYVs were lower than those of indica -dominant HYVs. The yield constraint was the Grain-Filling ability, which indicated larger difference especially at high sink capacity. In the present study, three factors were suggested to be involved with Grain-Filling. First one is dry matter production during the ripening period, in that the CGRs of the indica -dominant varieties were greater during this period, especially the CGR of H193, which achieved the highest yield and had the highest CGR. Second one is the unfertilized spikelets due to the large number of spikelets per panicle. In MOMI, the relatively high percentage of unfertilized spikelets on secondary rachis-branches on the lower part of the panicle can explain the lower Grain-Filling. On the other hand, the Grain-Filling ability of another japonica -dominant variety BEKO was superior to that of MOMI. The better Grain-Filling was attributed to the lower spikelet number and lower ratio of spikelets on secondary rachis-branches, which may be advantageous for a variety with large Grain size. Another factor is the mobilization of the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC). The net decreased amount of NSC (difference of the maximum and minimum accumulated NSC in the post-heading) of H193 was largest among used varieties. However, in the case of TAKA which indicated high Grain-Filling ability as well as H193, the net amount of translocated NSC was similar to those of japonica -dominant HYVs. On the other hand, both of the indica -dominant HYVs showed an earlier decrease of NSC and a larger increase of panicle weight at earlier ripening period. From these results, the rapid translocation of NSC during the ripening period was assumed to contribute to the high Grain-Filling ability in indica -dominant HYVs. These results indicate that the improvement of Grain-Filling by the stimulation of source activity and translocation of NSC is important for japonica -dominant varieties, and the improvement of sink production efficiency would result in the increase of the yield potential in the indica -dominant varieties.
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varietal differences in sink production and Grain Filling ability in recently developed high yielding rice oryza sativa l varieties in japan
Field Crops Research, 2013Co-Authors: Satoshi Yoshinaga, Toshiyuki Takai, Yumiko Araisanoh, Tsutomu Ishimaru, Motohiko KondoAbstract:Abstract In Japan, the rice production oriented toward use for flour and animal feed to substitute for imported wheat flour and maize has been promoting, and many high-yielding varieties (HYVs) for the above purpose have been developed and released recently. In order to establish cultivation methods for newly released high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and to develop breeding targets for further increases in yield, evaluation of their yield potential and growth characteristics is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield potential and the constraints of the recently developed HYVs in Japan. Field trials were conducted for two years using five Japanese varieties including reference variety Nipponbare (NIP); japonica -dominant HYVs Bekoaoba (BEKO) and Momiroman (MOMI); indica -dominant HYVs Takanari (TAKA) and Hokuriku 193 (H193). We compared the sink capacity (total number of spikelet per unit area × a thousand Grain (brown rice) weight) and Grain-Filling ability in HYVs by the analysis of the characteristics related to them. The hulled Grain yields of the japonica -dominant HYVs were 9–23% greater, and those of indica -dominant HYVs were 24–34% greater than that of reference variety NIP, respectively. The main factor for the high yield was remarkably large sink capacity in HYVs due to the high sink production efficiency per unit of absorbed nitrogen (SPE). Although all HYVs showed high SPE, the yields showed varietal differences, in that the yields of japonica -dominant HYVs were lower than those of indica -dominant HYVs. The yield constraint was the Grain-Filling ability, which indicated larger difference especially at high sink capacity. In the present study, three factors were suggested to be involved with Grain-Filling. First one is dry matter production during the ripening period, in that the CGRs of the indica -dominant varieties were greater during this period, especially the CGR of H193, which achieved the highest yield and had the highest CGR. Second one is the unfertilized spikelets due to the large number of spikelets per panicle. In MOMI, the relatively high percentage of unfertilized spikelets on secondary rachis-branches on the lower part of the panicle can explain the lower Grain-Filling. On the other hand, the Grain-Filling ability of another japonica -dominant variety BEKO was superior to that of MOMI. The better Grain-Filling was attributed to the lower spikelet number and lower ratio of spikelets on secondary rachis-branches, which may be advantageous for a variety with large Grain size. Another factor is the mobilization of the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC). The net decreased amount of NSC (difference of the maximum and minimum accumulated NSC in the post-heading) of H193 was largest among used varieties. However, in the case of TAKA which indicated high Grain-Filling ability as well as H193, the net amount of translocated NSC was similar to those of japonica -dominant HYVs. On the other hand, both of the indica -dominant HYVs showed an earlier decrease of NSC and a larger increase of panicle weight at earlier ripening period. From these results, the rapid translocation of NSC during the ripening period was assumed to contribute to the high Grain-Filling ability in indica -dominant HYVs. These results indicate that the improvement of Grain-Filling by the stimulation of source activity and translocation of NSC is important for japonica -dominant varieties, and the improvement of sink production efficiency would result in the increase of the yield potential in the indica -dominant varieties.
R.x. Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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qtl mapping for Grain Filling rate and yield related traits in rils of the chinese winter wheat population heshangmai yu8679
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: R.x. Wang, X Y Zhang, S H XiaoAbstract:A set of 142 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the cross Heshangmai × Yu8679 were tried in four ecological environments during the seasons 2006 and 2007. Nine agronomic traits comprising mean Grain Filling rate (GFRmean), maximum Grain Filling rate (GFRmax), Grain Filling duration (GFD), Grain number per ear (GNE), Grain weight per ear (GWE), flowering time (FT), maturation time (MT), plant height (PHT) and thousand Grain weight (TGW) were evaluated in Beijing (2006 and 2007), Chengdu (2007) and Hefei (2007). A genetic map comprising 173 SSR markers and two EST markers was generated. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for these agronomic traits. A total of 99 putative QTLs were identified for the nine traits over four environments except GFD, PHT and MT, measured in two environments (BJ07 and CD07), respectively. Of the QTL detected, 17 for GFRmean, 16 for GFRmax, 21 for TGW and 10 for GWE involving the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D and 7D were identified. Moreover, 13 genomic regions showing pleiotropic effects were detected in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6D and 7D; these QTL revealing pleiotropic effects may be informative for a better understanding of the genetic basis of Grain Filling rate and other yield-related traits, and represent potential targets for multi-trait marker aided selection in wheat.
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qtl mapping for Grain Filling rate and yield related traits in rils of the chinese winter wheat population heshangmai yu8679
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: R.x. Wang, X Y Zhang, S H XiaoAbstract:A set of 142 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the cross Heshangmai × Yu8679 were tried in four ecological environments during the seasons 2006 and 2007. Nine agronomic traits comprising mean Grain Filling rate (GFRmean), maximum Grain Filling rate (GFRmax), Grain Filling duration (GFD), Grain number per ear (GNE), Grain weight per ear (GWE), flowering time (FT), maturation time (MT), plant height (PHT) and thousand Grain weight (TGW) were evaluated in Beijing (2006 and 2007), Chengdu (2007) and Hefei (2007). A genetic map comprising 173 SSR markers and two EST markers was generated. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for these agronomic traits. A total of 99 putative QTLs were identified for the nine traits over four environments except GFD, PHT and MT, measured in two environments (BJ07 and CD07), respectively. Of the QTL detected, 17 for GFRmean, 16 for GFRmax, 21 for TGW and 10 for GWE involving the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D and 7D were identified. Moreover, 13 genomic regions showing pleiotropic effects were detected in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6D and 7D; these QTL revealing pleiotropic effects may be informative for a better understanding of the genetic basis of Grain Filling rate and other yield-related traits, and represent potential targets for multi-trait marker aided selection in wheat.
