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Anthony Fardet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a shift toward a new holistic paradigm will help to preserve and better process Grain Products food structure for improving their health effects
Food & Function, 2015Co-Authors: Anthony FardetAbstract:This review aims at emphasizing the role played by physical characteristics and physico-chemical properties of the food matrix on the digestive and metabolic fate, and health effects of Grain Products. It is today obvious that the food matrix conditions the health effects of food Products and that we are able to modify this matrix to control the digestive fate of foods, and the metabolic fate of nutrients and bioactive compounds (reverse engineering). In other words, there is no more reason to consider nutrition in a quantitative perspective (i.e., a food is only the sum of its macro-, micro- and phyto-nutrients) but rather according to a qualitative perspective involving concepts of interaction of nutrients within the matrix, of enzymatic bioaccessibility, bioavailability and metabolic fate in relation to release kinetics in the gastrointestinal tract, and food nutrient synergy. This new perspective on the health potential of foods also reflects the urge to consider preventive nutrition research according to a more holistic and integrative perspective after decades of reductionist research based on the study of the health effects of food components in isolation. To illustrate the importance of food structure, attention has been focused on Grain-based Products such as rice, leguminous seeds and nuts, and on soft technological treatments that preserve food structure such as pre-fermentation, soaking and germination.
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Lipotropes from plant-based food supplied by a standard French diet /versus/ food guide pyramid recommendations: Grain Products are the best sources at lower cost
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony Fardet, Jean-francois Martin, Djilali Touazi, France Caillavet, Jean-michel ChardignyAbstract:Lipotropes are compounds that prevent excess hepatic fat deposits. However, although millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatic steatosis, lipotrope consumption has never been investigated. Our objectives were to calculate the amount of lipotropes supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations by using 106 ready-to-eat plant-based foods (PBF) as a basis for comparison, to question whether one can easily increase lipotrope consumption via lipotrope-rich PBFs, and to estimate the lipotrope quantity supplied by €1.00 (one euro) of PBF vs. animal-based foods. Lipotrope potential of PBFs was expressed as the lipotropic capacity (LC) based on the lipotrope densities of 7, 8 or 9 lipotropes (mg/100 kcal), which are identified as betaine, choline, myo-inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and total polyphenol content. Unrefined/minimally processed PBFs had the highest LC, while energy-dense/refined PBFs had the lowest. A standard French diet fails to provide the lipotrope quantity that should be supplied if food guide pyramid recommendations are followed. Such a difference can be easily compensated by increasing lipotrope-rich PBF consumption. On a €1.00-basis, vegetables and fruits are expensive sources of lipotropes, but Grain Products, especially legumes, appear to be the best compromise between high LC and low cost.
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Lipotropes from plant-based foods supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations: Grain Products are the best sources at lower cost
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony Fardet, Jean-francois Martin, Djilali Touazi, Jean-michel ChardignyAbstract:Abstract Lipotropes are compounds that prevent excess hepatic fat deposits. However, although millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatic steatosis, lipotrope consumption has never been investigated. Our objectives were to calculate the amount of lipotropes supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations by using 106 ready-to-eat plant-based foods (PBF) as a basis for comparison, to question whether one can easily increase lipotrope consumption via lipotrope-rich PBFs, and to estimate the lipotrope quantity supplied by €1.00 (one euro) of PBF vs. animal-based foods. Lipotrope potential of PBFs was expressed as the lipotropic capacity (LC) based on the lipotrope densities of 7, 8 or 9 lipotropes (mg/100 kcal), which are identified as betaine, choline, myo -inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and total polyphenol content. Unrefined/minimally processed PBFs had the highest LC, while energy-dense/refined PBFs had the lowest. A standard French diet fails to provide the lipotrope quantity that should be supplied if food guide pyramid recommendations are followed. Such a difference can be easily compensated by increasing lipotrope-rich PBF consumption. On a €1.00-basis, vegetables and fruits are expensive sources of lipotropes, but Grain Products, especially legumes, appear to be the best compromise between high LC and low cost.
Jean-michel Chardigny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipotropes from plant-based food supplied by a standard French diet /versus/ food guide pyramid recommendations: Grain Products are the best sources at lower cost
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony Fardet, Jean-francois Martin, Djilali Touazi, France Caillavet, Jean-michel ChardignyAbstract:Lipotropes are compounds that prevent excess hepatic fat deposits. However, although millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatic steatosis, lipotrope consumption has never been investigated. Our objectives were to calculate the amount of lipotropes supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations by using 106 ready-to-eat plant-based foods (PBF) as a basis for comparison, to question whether one can easily increase lipotrope consumption via lipotrope-rich PBFs, and to estimate the lipotrope quantity supplied by €1.00 (one euro) of PBF vs. animal-based foods. Lipotrope potential of PBFs was expressed as the lipotropic capacity (LC) based on the lipotrope densities of 7, 8 or 9 lipotropes (mg/100 kcal), which are identified as betaine, choline, myo-inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and total polyphenol content. Unrefined/minimally processed PBFs had the highest LC, while energy-dense/refined PBFs had the lowest. A standard French diet fails to provide the lipotrope quantity that should be supplied if food guide pyramid recommendations are followed. Such a difference can be easily compensated by increasing lipotrope-rich PBF consumption. On a €1.00-basis, vegetables and fruits are expensive sources of lipotropes, but Grain Products, especially legumes, appear to be the best compromise between high LC and low cost.
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Lipotropes from plant-based foods supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations: Grain Products are the best sources at lower cost
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony Fardet, Jean-francois Martin, Djilali Touazi, Jean-michel ChardignyAbstract:Abstract Lipotropes are compounds that prevent excess hepatic fat deposits. However, although millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatic steatosis, lipotrope consumption has never been investigated. Our objectives were to calculate the amount of lipotropes supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations by using 106 ready-to-eat plant-based foods (PBF) as a basis for comparison, to question whether one can easily increase lipotrope consumption via lipotrope-rich PBFs, and to estimate the lipotrope quantity supplied by €1.00 (one euro) of PBF vs. animal-based foods. Lipotrope potential of PBFs was expressed as the lipotropic capacity (LC) based on the lipotrope densities of 7, 8 or 9 lipotropes (mg/100 kcal), which are identified as betaine, choline, myo -inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and total polyphenol content. Unrefined/minimally processed PBFs had the highest LC, while energy-dense/refined PBFs had the lowest. A standard French diet fails to provide the lipotrope quantity that should be supplied if food guide pyramid recommendations are followed. Such a difference can be easily compensated by increasing lipotrope-rich PBF consumption. On a €1.00-basis, vegetables and fruits are expensive sources of lipotropes, but Grain Products, especially legumes, appear to be the best compromise between high LC and low cost.
Jeanne I Rader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of neural tube defects, folate status, and folate fortification of enriched cereal-Grain Products in the United States.
Pediatrics, 2006Co-Authors: Jeanne I Rader, Barbara O. SchneemanAbstract:In their recent report, Williams et al1 examined data from 21 population-based birth defect surveillance systems for trends in prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly for specific racial/ethnic groups from 1995 to 2002. Data were stratified into pre-, optional, and mandatory fortification intervals, coincident with the authorization of folate fortification of enriched cereal-Grain Products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996. Williams et al1 found prevalence values per 10000 births for spina bifida for Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black women of 4.18, 3.37, and 2.90, respectively, for the mandatory fortification interval versus corresponding values for the same groups of 6.49, 5.13, and 3.57, respectively, for the prefortification interval. These results suggested that folate fortification was associated with significant decreases in the prevalence of spina bifida among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic births (34% and 36% decreases, respectively). The 19% decline in the prevalence of spina bifida among non-Hispanic black births was borderline statistically significant.1 This failure to find a statistically significant decline among non-Hispanic black births may have been attributable to smaller samples examined (total cases were 515 for non-Hispanic black births, 2672 for non-Hispanic white births, and 1281 for Hispanic births). In their editorial on the article by Williams et al,1 Brent and Oakley2 argued that folic acid fortification levels in the United States are too low. They have inappropriately generalized the data of Williams et al1 into a broad criticism of the current folic acid fortification program and a call for increased fortification. This warrants our response. Consideration of whether increases in fortification are warranted depends a number of complex issues. For example, are the residual neural tube defects (NTDs) in all racial/ethnic groups folate sensitive? If so, then would increasing the levels of folic acid in enriched cereal-Grain Products … Address correspondence to Jeanne I. Rader, PhD, Division of Research & Applied Technology, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740. E-mail: Jeanne.Rader{at}cfsan.fda.gov
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microbiological assay trienzyme procedure for total folates in cereals and cereal foods collaborative study
Journal of AOAC International, 2005Co-Authors: Jonathan W Devries, Jeanne I Rader, Pamela M Keagy, Carol A Hudson, Gerald Angyal, Jayashree Arcot, M Castelli, N Doreanu, C Hudson, P LawrenceAbstract:: In 1996, U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations mandated the fortification of enriched cereal-Grain Products with folic acid, thereby emphasizing the need for validated methods for total folates in foods, particularly cereal Products. The AOAC Official Methods (944.12, 960.46) currently used for the analysis of folate in foods for compliance purposes are microbiological methods. When the fortification regulations were finalized, no Official AOAC or Approved AACC methods for folate in cereal-Grain Products were in place. The AOAC Official Method (992.05) for folic acid in infant formula does not incorporate important improvements in the extraction procedure and was not considered suitable for the analysis of folates in foods in general. A microbiological assay protocol using a trienzyme extraction procedure was prepared and submitted for comments to 40 laboratories with recognized experience in folate analysis. On the basis of comments, the method was revised to have the conjugase (gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-peptidase) treatment follow a protease treatment, to include the use of cryoprotected inoculum, and to include the spectroscopic standardization of the standard and optional use of microtiter plates. Thirteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study of 10 required and 10 optional cereal-Grain Products, including flour, bread, cookies, baking mixes, and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. The majority of the participating laboratories performed the assay by the standard test tube method; others used the microtiter plate modification for endpoint quantitation with equal success. For the required Products, the relative standard deviation between laboratories (RSD(R)) ranged from 7.4 to 21.6% for 8 fortified (or enriched) Products compared with expected (Horwitz equation-based) values of 11-20%. RSD(R) values were higher (22.7-52.9%) for 2 unfortified cereal-Grain Products. For the optional Products, the RSD(R) ranged from 1.8 to 11.2% for 8 fortified Products. RSD(R) values were higher (27.9-28.7%) for 2 unfortified cereal-Grain Products. Based on the results of the collaborative study, the microbiological assay with trienzyme extraction is recommended for adoption as Official First Action.
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Total folate in enriched cereal-Grain Products in the United States following fortification
Food Chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Jeanne I Rader, Carol M Weaver, Gerry AngyalAbstract:The full compliance date for mandatory folic acid fortification of enriched cereal-Grain Products in the United States was 1 January, 1998. There is currently a great interest in determining the effectiveness of this measure, which was instituted to increase the folate intakes of women of child-bearing age to reduce their risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube birth defect. We surveyed 83 enriched cereal-Grain Products that are required to be fortified with folic acid under the new regulations and an additional 79 foods that contain enriched cereal-Grain ingredients or that are currently fortified with folic acid. Products were collected and analyzed between February 1998 and April 1999. Total folate was determined by microbiological assay using a tri-enzyme digestion. We compared analyzed values for total folate with amounts required by Federal regulations and/or with label declarations of folate content. For many enriched cereal-Grain Products, there were significant differences between amounts of folate found on analysis and amounts required by Federal regulations. In part because of this, label declarations of folate content were also in error. The high values found in some enriched cereal-Grain Products may represent manufacturers' averages as well as the presence of higher-than-expected levels of endogenous folates. These results indicate that reliable food composition databases cannot be developed without extensive new data on the actual concentrations of folate in recently fortified enriched cereal-Grain Products as well as in Products containing enriched cereal-Grain ingredients. Reliance on older data bases or on compositional information that has a weak analytical underpinning will lead to unsound estimates of folate intake, and hence, of the potential impact of the new fortification program.
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use of a microbiological assay with tri enzyme extraction for measurement of pre fortification levels of folates in enriched cereal Grain Products
Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Jeanne I Rader, Carol M Weaver, Gerry AngyalAbstract:Abstract January 1, 1998 was the effective date for PDA regulations that mandated the fortification in the USA of a wide range of enriched cereal-Grain Products with folic acid at levels specified in federal regulations. Because data on prefortification levels of folate in such Products are limited, we measured folate in 56 enriched foods, including enriched breads and rolls, flours, corn grits and meals, rices, and macaroni and noodle Products. Folate was measured by a modification of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists' microbiological method 992.05 using Lactobacillus casei . Foods were composited, suspended in 0. 1 m phosphate buffer containing 1% ascorbic acid (pH 7.8), autoclaved and cooled. Chicken pancreas conjugase was added and the suspensions were incubated for 16h at 37 °C. Values for folate in enriched Products were (μg/lOOg): bread and rolls, 24–40; flours, 19–24; corn grits and meals, 22–32; macaroni and noodle Products, 27–42; rice, 19–32. Because the single-enzyme method is usually insufficient to liberate food-bound folates, suspensions of foods were also incubated with α-amylase and conjugase followed by treatment with protease to determine the effects of the tri-enzyme digestion on release of folates. For many foods, total folate was 20–30% higher after the tri-enzyme digestion than after incubation with conjugase alone. The modifications of AOAC method 992.05 described here provide a microbiological assay method for the determination of folates in cereal-Grain Products that may be appropriate for collaborative testing.
Anne Tjønneland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer among men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study
Cancer Causes & Control, 2011Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:Objective High intake of whole-Grain Products may protect against prostate cancer, but overall evidence is limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort. Methods A total of 26,691 men aged 50–64 years participated in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study and provided information about diet and potential prostate cancer risk factors. During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, we identified 1,081 prostate cancer cases. Associations between whole-Grain product intake and prostate cancer incidence were analyzed using Cox’s regression model. Results Overall, there was no association between total intake of whole-Grain Products and prostate cancer risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio per 50 g day^−1: 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.05)) as well as between intake of the specific whole-Grain Products: whole-Grain rye bread, whole-Grain bread, and oatmeal, and risk of prostate cancer. No risk estimates did differ according to either stage or grade of disease. Conclusions Results from this prospective study suggest that higher intakes of total or specific whole-Grain Products are not associated with risk of prostate cancer in a population of Danish middle-aged men.
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Intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer among men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study
Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2011Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:Objective High intake of whole-Grain Products may protect against prostate cancer, but overall evidence is limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort.
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Intake of whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status and histology among postmenopausal women.
International journal of cancer, 2009Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:No clear relationship between whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer has been established. In a large prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between intake of whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer by tumour receptor status [oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)] and tumour histology (ductal/lobular). It was further investigated whether the association differed by use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The study included 25,278 postmenopausal women participating in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study (1993-1997). During a mean follow-up time of 9.6 years, 978 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Associations between intake of whole Grain Products and the breast cancer rate were analysed using Cox's regression model. A higher intake of whole Grain Products was not associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Per an increment in intake of total whole Grain Products of 50 g per day the adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.01 (0.96-1.07). Intake of rye bread, oatmeal and whole Grain bread was not associated with breast cancer risk. No association was observed between the intake of total or specific whole Grain Products and the risk of developing ER+, ER-, PR+, PR-, combined ER/PR status, ductal or lobular breast cancer. Furthermore, there was no interaction between intake of whole Grain Products and use of HRT on risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, intake of whole Grain Products was not associated with risk of breast cancer in a cohort of Danish postmenopausal women.
Jane Christensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alkylresorcinols biomarkers of whole Grain intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2013Co-Authors: Cecilie Kyro, Steffen Loft, Per Åman, A Olsen, Rikard Landberg, Guri Skeie, Max Leenders, Peter D Siersema, Tobias Pischon, Jane ChristensenAbstract:Background and objectives: Few studies have investigatedthe association between whole-Grain intake and colorectal cancer.Whole-Grain Products are one of the dietary items proneto measurement errors ...
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Intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer among men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study
Cancer Causes & Control, 2011Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:Objective High intake of whole-Grain Products may protect against prostate cancer, but overall evidence is limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort. Methods A total of 26,691 men aged 50–64 years participated in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study and provided information about diet and potential prostate cancer risk factors. During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, we identified 1,081 prostate cancer cases. Associations between whole-Grain product intake and prostate cancer incidence were analyzed using Cox’s regression model. Results Overall, there was no association between total intake of whole-Grain Products and prostate cancer risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio per 50 g day^−1: 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.05)) as well as between intake of the specific whole-Grain Products: whole-Grain rye bread, whole-Grain bread, and oatmeal, and risk of prostate cancer. No risk estimates did differ according to either stage or grade of disease. Conclusions Results from this prospective study suggest that higher intakes of total or specific whole-Grain Products are not associated with risk of prostate cancer in a population of Danish middle-aged men.
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Intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer among men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study
Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2011Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:Objective High intake of whole-Grain Products may protect against prostate cancer, but overall evidence is limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intake of whole-Grain Products and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort.
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Intake of whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status and histology among postmenopausal women.
International journal of cancer, 2009Co-Authors: Rikke Egeberg, Anja Olsen, Steffen Loft, Jane Christensen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad, Anne TjønnelandAbstract:No clear relationship between whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer has been established. In a large prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between intake of whole Grain Products and risk of breast cancer by tumour receptor status [oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)] and tumour histology (ductal/lobular). It was further investigated whether the association differed by use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The study included 25,278 postmenopausal women participating in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study (1993-1997). During a mean follow-up time of 9.6 years, 978 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Associations between intake of whole Grain Products and the breast cancer rate were analysed using Cox's regression model. A higher intake of whole Grain Products was not associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Per an increment in intake of total whole Grain Products of 50 g per day the adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.01 (0.96-1.07). Intake of rye bread, oatmeal and whole Grain bread was not associated with breast cancer risk. No association was observed between the intake of total or specific whole Grain Products and the risk of developing ER+, ER-, PR+, PR-, combined ER/PR status, ductal or lobular breast cancer. Furthermore, there was no interaction between intake of whole Grain Products and use of HRT on risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, intake of whole Grain Products was not associated with risk of breast cancer in a cohort of Danish postmenopausal women.
