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Kassim Al-khatib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolism of quizalofop and rimsulfuron in herbicide resistant Grain Sorghum.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2012Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatibAbstract:Abstract Studies were conducted to determine if herbicide metabolism is an additional mechanism that could explain the resistance of ACCase- and ALS-resistant Grain Sorghum to quizalofop and rimsulfuron, respectively. ACCase- and ALS-resistant and -susceptible genetic lines were grown under controlled conditions and treated at the 4-leaf stage with 14C-labeled quizalofop and rimsulfuron. Plants were harvested at 3, 5, and 7 d after treatments. In the ACCase metabolism experiment, resistant Grain Sorghum transformed 88% of quizalofop-ethyl to quizalofop while 91% of the inactive was converted to active form by the susceptible plants 3 DAT. By 7 DAT, all inactive quizalofop-ethyl was converted to active quizalofop. In the ALS metabolism study, two distinct metabolites were produced from rimsulfuron. Metabolism rate was similar between resistant lines (TX430R and N223R) in all harvest dates except at 7 DAT; however, more rapid metabolism were observed when resistant were compared with the susceptible genotypes (TX430S and N223S). The percentage of recovered rimsulfuron 3 DAT corresponded to 80% and 83% in the resistant compared to 87% in the susceptible Grain Sorghum. At 5 DAT, metabolism was near steady in all Sorghum plants but by 7 DAT, resistant genotypes metabolized 4–12% more than the susceptible Sorghum. Metabolism of rimsulfuron in ALS-resistant Grain Sorghum is an added mechanism that could help elevate the level of rimsulfuron resistance.
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Response of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum to quizalofop at various rates and application timings
Weed Technology, 2012Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatib, Phillip W. Stahlman, Patrick W. GeierAbstract:Abstract Conventional Grain Sorghum is highly susceptible to POST grass control herbicides. Development of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum could provide additional opportunities for POST herbicide grass control in Grain Sorghum. Field experiments were conducted at Hays and Manhattan, KS, to determine the effect of quizalofop rate and crop growth stage on injury and yield of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum. Quizalofop was applied at 62, 124, 186, and 248 g ai ha−1 at Sorghum heights of 8 to 10, 15 to 25, and 30 to 38 cm, which corresponded to early POST (EPOST), mid-POST (MPOST), and late POST (LPOST) application timings, respectively. Grain Sorghum injury ranged from 0 to 68% at 1 wk after treatment (WAT); by 4 WAT, plants generally recovered from injury. The EPOST and MPOST applications caused 9 to 68% and 2 to 48% injury, respectively, whereas injury from LPOST was 0 to 16%, depending on rate. Crop injury from quizalofop was more prominent at rates higher than the propo...
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Effect of Postemergence Mesotrione Application Timing on Grain Sorghum
Weed Technology, 2010Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatib, Randall S. Currie, Phillip W. Stahlman, Patrick W. Geier, Barney W. Gordon, Brian L. S. Olson, Mark M. Claassen, David L. RegehrAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Belleville, Colby, Hays, Hesston, Garden City, and Manhattan, KS, to determine Grain Sorghum response to POST application of mesotrione at three application timings. Mesotrione was applied at 52, 105, 157, and 210 g ai/ha in combination with 280 g ai/ha atrazine to Grain Sorghum at heights of 5 to 8, 15 to 20, and 30 cm, which correspond to early POST (EPOST), mid-POST (MPOST), and late POST (LPOST), respectively. All mesotrione rates caused injury at all application timings. Overall, Grain Sorghum injury from mesotrione was greatest at 1 wk after treatment (WAT); plants partially recovered from injury by 4 WAT. Mesotrione applied EPOST injured Grain Sorghum more than when applied at MPOST and LPOST timings. The EPOST application injured Grain Sorghum 19 to 88%, whereas injury from MPOST and LPOST application was 1 to 66% and 0 to 69%, respectively, depending on rate. Mesotrione injury was least at Belleville and most at the Hesston and Garden City (irrigated) ...
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Postemergence Weed Control in Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum
Weed Technology, 2010Co-Authors: D. Shane Hennigh, Kassim Al-khatib, Mitchell R. TuinstraAbstract:Abstract Postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in Grain Sorghum are limited. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides are very effective at controlling many grass species in many crops; unfortunately, use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is not an option in conventional Grain Sorghum because of its susceptibility to these herbicides. With the development of ALS-resistant Grain Sorghum, several POST ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be used to control weeds in Grain Sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of tank mixtures of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with bromoxynil, carfentrazone–ethyl, halosulfuron + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2,4-D, or metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. In addition, these treatments were applied with and without atrazine. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail 99, 86, and 91% 6 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. A decrease in annual grass control was observed ...
John E. Shirley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Processed Grain Sorghum and Grain Sorghum combinations for dairy cows
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1998Co-Authors: Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard, A.f. Park, John E. Shirley, Michael V. ScheffelAbstract:Twenty-four Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of processing methods on Grain Sorghum utilization by lactating dairy cows. No difference was observed in the utilization of steam-flaked Grain Sorghum and pelleted Grain Sorghum obtained by adding water to finely ground Grain Sorghum prior to extrusion and oven drying at a temperature of 200EF. Extensive processing (pelleting or steam-flaking) improved feed efficiency relative to dry rolling. Cows fed diets containing more extensively processed Grains ate less feed but produced the same amount of milk as cows fed diets containing dry-rolled Grain.
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Effect of processed Grain Sorghum and expeller soybean meal on performance of lactating cows.
Journal of dairy science, 1997Co-Authors: Evan C. Titigemeyer, John E. ShirleyAbstract:Forty-four Holstein cows were used to measure milk production responses to dry-rolled versus pelleted Grain Sorghum and expeller versus solvent soybean meal in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pelleted Grain Sorghum was processed by grinding, increasing moisture to 31%, extruding, and drying to an exit temperature of 93°C. Grain Sorghum was included in the diets at 27% of dry matter, and soybean meal was the primary source of supplemental protein. Few interactions were observed between the methods of processing Grain Sorghum and sources of soybean meal. Pelleting of Grain Sorghum decreased dry matter intake 5%, but increased milk production 3%, protein yield 4%, and efficiency 7%; fat yield was unaffected. Replacement of solvent soybean meal with expeller soybean meal had little effect on intake, but increased milk production 3%, fat yield 5%, and efficiency 4%; protein yield was unaffected. Plasma concentrations of amino acids (AA) were increased by pelleted Grain Sorghum and by expeller soybean meal at 5 and 10 wk after initiation of treatment, indicating that both of these treatments increased the supply of AA to the intestine. Pelleting improved the nutritive value of Grain Sorghum for lactating cows. Although total milk production and fat yield increased in response to expeller soybean meal, the lack of response in protein yield to this increased supply of RUP indicated that the effect was not solely due to an increased supply of AA to the intestine.
M. Joy M. Abit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolism of quizalofop and rimsulfuron in herbicide resistant Grain Sorghum.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2012Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatibAbstract:Abstract Studies were conducted to determine if herbicide metabolism is an additional mechanism that could explain the resistance of ACCase- and ALS-resistant Grain Sorghum to quizalofop and rimsulfuron, respectively. ACCase- and ALS-resistant and -susceptible genetic lines were grown under controlled conditions and treated at the 4-leaf stage with 14C-labeled quizalofop and rimsulfuron. Plants were harvested at 3, 5, and 7 d after treatments. In the ACCase metabolism experiment, resistant Grain Sorghum transformed 88% of quizalofop-ethyl to quizalofop while 91% of the inactive was converted to active form by the susceptible plants 3 DAT. By 7 DAT, all inactive quizalofop-ethyl was converted to active quizalofop. In the ALS metabolism study, two distinct metabolites were produced from rimsulfuron. Metabolism rate was similar between resistant lines (TX430R and N223R) in all harvest dates except at 7 DAT; however, more rapid metabolism were observed when resistant were compared with the susceptible genotypes (TX430S and N223S). The percentage of recovered rimsulfuron 3 DAT corresponded to 80% and 83% in the resistant compared to 87% in the susceptible Grain Sorghum. At 5 DAT, metabolism was near steady in all Sorghum plants but by 7 DAT, resistant genotypes metabolized 4–12% more than the susceptible Sorghum. Metabolism of rimsulfuron in ALS-resistant Grain Sorghum is an added mechanism that could help elevate the level of rimsulfuron resistance.
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Response of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum to quizalofop at various rates and application timings
Weed Technology, 2012Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatib, Phillip W. Stahlman, Patrick W. GeierAbstract:Abstract Conventional Grain Sorghum is highly susceptible to POST grass control herbicides. Development of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum could provide additional opportunities for POST herbicide grass control in Grain Sorghum. Field experiments were conducted at Hays and Manhattan, KS, to determine the effect of quizalofop rate and crop growth stage on injury and yield of aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant Grain Sorghum. Quizalofop was applied at 62, 124, 186, and 248 g ai ha−1 at Sorghum heights of 8 to 10, 15 to 25, and 30 to 38 cm, which corresponded to early POST (EPOST), mid-POST (MPOST), and late POST (LPOST) application timings, respectively. Grain Sorghum injury ranged from 0 to 68% at 1 wk after treatment (WAT); by 4 WAT, plants generally recovered from injury. The EPOST and MPOST applications caused 9 to 68% and 2 to 48% injury, respectively, whereas injury from LPOST was 0 to 16%, depending on rate. Crop injury from quizalofop was more prominent at rates higher than the propo...
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Effect of Postemergence Mesotrione Application Timing on Grain Sorghum
Weed Technology, 2010Co-Authors: M. Joy M. Abit, Kassim Al-khatib, Randall S. Currie, Phillip W. Stahlman, Patrick W. Geier, Barney W. Gordon, Brian L. S. Olson, Mark M. Claassen, David L. RegehrAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Belleville, Colby, Hays, Hesston, Garden City, and Manhattan, KS, to determine Grain Sorghum response to POST application of mesotrione at three application timings. Mesotrione was applied at 52, 105, 157, and 210 g ai/ha in combination with 280 g ai/ha atrazine to Grain Sorghum at heights of 5 to 8, 15 to 20, and 30 cm, which correspond to early POST (EPOST), mid-POST (MPOST), and late POST (LPOST), respectively. All mesotrione rates caused injury at all application timings. Overall, Grain Sorghum injury from mesotrione was greatest at 1 wk after treatment (WAT); plants partially recovered from injury by 4 WAT. Mesotrione applied EPOST injured Grain Sorghum more than when applied at MPOST and LPOST timings. The EPOST application injured Grain Sorghum 19 to 88%, whereas injury from MPOST and LPOST application was 1 to 66% and 0 to 69%, respectively, depending on rate. Mesotrione injury was least at Belleville and most at the Hesston and Garden City (irrigated) ...
Paul A. Seib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Laboratory Procedure to Wet‐Mill 100 g of Grain Sorghum into Six Fractions
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2000Co-Authors: X. J. Xie, Paul A. SeibAbstract:ABSTRACT A small-scale (100 g of Grain) procedure was developed to wet-mill Grain Sorghum into six fractions by modifying the procedure of Eckhoff et al (1996). The wet-milling process was repeated five times on commercial Grain Sorghum, and the mean yield (69.4%) of starch (≤0.3% protein) varied by 0.3%, whereas the yields of fiber, gluten, and germ plus bran fractions varied by 5–6%. The starch fraction accounted for ≈95% of that in the Grain, while the total solids recovered was 99.0%. Four other samples of Grain Sorghum gave 92–95% recoveries of starches and 98.2–99.8% recoveries of total solids. All Grain Sorghum starches had lightness (L*) values and pasting curves nearly equal to those of a commercial maize starch.
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Wet Milling of Grain Sorghum Using a Short Steeping Period
Cereal Chemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Ping Yang, Paul A. SeibAbstract:Commercial yellow Grain Sorghum was steeped in a vented container at 50-70°C for 2-10 hr with 1.5 parts (by weight) of water containing initially 0.1-0.5% sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). During steeping, 75% of the SO 2 was lost through the vent. When Grain Sorghum and dent corn were steeped at 58°C with an initial concentration of 0.25% SO 2 , steepwater uptake by Grain Sorghum was faster during the first 4 hr, but leveled off at 4% below that of corn after 10 hr. In addition, the steepwater of Grain Sorghum became 25% more acidic than that of corn after 2-10 hr. The optimum recovery of starch from Grain Sorghum steeped 4 hr was 51% at 58°C with an initial concentration of 0.3% SO 2 . Decortication of the Grain Sorghum produced 70% recovery of pericarp-free, broken kernels, which gave a somewhat reduced recovery of milled starch with only a slight improvement in brightness. The hot paste characteristics of the starches from two sample of yellow Grain Sorghums matched those of a commercial corn starch.
Evan C. Titigemeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of processed Grain Sorghum and expeller soybean meal on performance of lactating cows.
Journal of dairy science, 1997Co-Authors: Evan C. Titigemeyer, John E. ShirleyAbstract:Forty-four Holstein cows were used to measure milk production responses to dry-rolled versus pelleted Grain Sorghum and expeller versus solvent soybean meal in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pelleted Grain Sorghum was processed by grinding, increasing moisture to 31%, extruding, and drying to an exit temperature of 93°C. Grain Sorghum was included in the diets at 27% of dry matter, and soybean meal was the primary source of supplemental protein. Few interactions were observed between the methods of processing Grain Sorghum and sources of soybean meal. Pelleting of Grain Sorghum decreased dry matter intake 5%, but increased milk production 3%, protein yield 4%, and efficiency 7%; fat yield was unaffected. Replacement of solvent soybean meal with expeller soybean meal had little effect on intake, but increased milk production 3%, fat yield 5%, and efficiency 4%; protein yield was unaffected. Plasma concentrations of amino acids (AA) were increased by pelleted Grain Sorghum and by expeller soybean meal at 5 and 10 wk after initiation of treatment, indicating that both of these treatments increased the supply of AA to the intestine. Pelleting improved the nutritive value of Grain Sorghum for lactating cows. Although total milk production and fat yield increased in response to expeller soybean meal, the lack of response in protein yield to this increased supply of RUP indicated that the effect was not solely due to an increased supply of AA to the intestine.
