The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
W. Richard Teague - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulating hydrologic responses to alternate Grazing Management practices at the ranch and watershed scales
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard Teague, S.l. DowhowerAbstract:Grazing Management practices affect watershed hydrology by altering vegetation cover and soil properties. Long-term success of Grazing Management depends on how well increased forage harvest efficiency is balanced with the need to maintain soil aggregate stability. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including the light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC), adaptive multipaddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on hydrological processes at the ranch and watershed scales in a rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Measured data on vegetation, soil physical and hydrological properties, and Grazing Management at four study ranches within the watershed (two under MP and one each under LC and HC Grazing Management) were used to parameterize the SWAT model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the measured standing crop biomass and soil moisture data at the study ranches, and streamflow data at the watershed outlet over a 34-year period from 1980 to 2013. At the ranch scale, when the Management was changed from the baseline MP Grazing to HC Grazing, the simulated average (1980 to 2013) annual surface runoff increased within a range of 106% to 117% and water yield increased within a range of 39% to 53%. While surface runoff was found to be a major contributor (52% to 67%) to streamflow under the HC Grazing, baseflow was the dominant (55% to 66%) component of streamflow under the MP and EX practices. At the watershed scale, shifting Grazing Management from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff by about 47%, increased infiltration by 5%, and decreased streamflow by 29.5%. In addition, improvements to Grazing decreased the simulated highest annual streamflow over the 1980 to 2013 period from 8.3 m3 s−1 ([293.1 ft3 sec−1] baseline scenario) to 6.2 m3 s−1 ([219 ft3 sec−1] MP Grazing). This reduction in the maximum flow has a potential to reduce the risk of flooding downstream. However, these hydrologic responses vary according to the extent of Grazing lands in a watershed. Overall, the MP Grazing was found to be the best Grazing Management practice in terms of water conservation, vegetation regrowth, and the potential to reduce flood risk.
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Simulated water quality effects of alternate Grazing Management practices at the ranch and watershed scales
Ecological Modelling, 2017Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard TeagueAbstract:Abstract Inappropriate Grazing Management with high stocking rates can result in significantly higher levels of runoff, sediment and nutrient losses to surface water resources. An assessment of water quality effects of various Grazing Management practices enables the selection of appropriate Management practices. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including the heavy continuous (HC), light continuous (LC) and adaptive multi-paddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on water quality at the ranch and watershed scales in the rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek Watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for water quality predictions using the measured data on county-level crop yield (1980–2013), and monthly sediment (1994–2009), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads (1986–2009) at the watershed outlet. The ranch-scale assessment results at two study ranches indicated that when the Grazing Management was changed from the baseline MP Grazing to HC Grazing, the simulated average (1980–2013) annual surface runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses increased within the ranges of 106%–117%, 6.0–8.1 ton ha−1, 8.3–11.5 kg ha−1, and 1.6–2.6 kg ha−1, respectively. At the watershed-scale, shifting Grazing Management from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff, sediment, TN and TP loads by 47.0%, 39.7%, 35.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Thus, adaptive MP Grazing was found to be the best Grazing Management practice for the CCW in terms of water quality protection and improvement in ecosystem functions such as reduced soil erosion and increased nutrient retention at both ranch and watershed scales. However, the magnitudes of water quality benefits due to adoption of MP Grazing vary according to the extent of Grazing lands in a watershed.
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Assessing the Impacts of Grazing Management Practices on Watershed Hydrology and Water Quality
2015 ASABE International Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard TeagueAbstract:Abstract. Grazing Management practices affect watershed hydrology and water quality by altering vegetation cover, soil properties and manure production. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC) and multi-paddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on watershed hydrology and water quality of a rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek Watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the measured streamflow and sediment concentration data at the watershed outlet over a 34-year (1980–2013) and 16-year (1994–2009) period, respectively. Results indicated that shifting Grazing Management in the watershed from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff by about 47%, increased infiltration by 29%, and decreased streamflow by 27%. However, there were no significant differences in evapotranspiration (ET) among the Grazing scenarios. Sediment load decreased from 90.1A—10 3 to 54.4A—10 3 ton (39.6%) under the MP Grazing when compared to the baseline HC scenario. Improvements to Grazing Management have also resulted in a gradual reduction in high (0–10% exceedance interval) streamflows (and sediment loads), and thereby reduced the chances of flooding. Overall, the MP Grazing practice was found to be the best Grazing Management practice in terms of water conservation, vegetation regrowth, water quality improvement and minimization of flood risk.
Paulo César De Faccio Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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'Rotatinuous' stocking as a climate-smart Grazing Management strategy for sheep production.
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Jean Victor Savian, Radael Marinho Tres Schons, Angel Sánchez Zubieta, William De Souza Filho, Liris Kindlein, Jérôme Bindelle, Cimélio Bayer, Carolina Bremm, Paulo César De Faccio CarvalhoAbstract:Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of different Grazing Management strategies on carcass characteristics traits, meat quality and CH4 intensity and yield of lambs Grazing Italian ryegrass pastures in Southern Brazil. A Grazing trial was performed (2014 and 2015) in a randomized complete block design with two Grazing Management targets and four replicates. Treatments were traditional rotational stocking (RT), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively, and ‘Rotatinuous’ stocking (RN), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively. Castrated crossbred Texel and Polwarth lambs were used. Results indicated that diet cost per kg of dry matter (p = 0.001) and per hectare (p
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Rotatinuous stocking: A Grazing Management innovation that has high potential to mitigate methane emissions by sheep
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Jean Victor Savian, Radael Marinho Tres Schons, Jean Carlos Mezzalira, Cimélio Bayer, Alexandre Berndt, Daniela Elisa Marchi, Thainá Silva De Freitas, Gentil Felix Da Silva Neto, Paulo César De Faccio CarvalhoAbstract:To test the hypothesis that the best sward structure in the Grazing Management strategy based on animal behaviour, called ?Rotatinuous? stocking, results in higher nutrient intake and lower methane emission and intensity by sheep Grazing Italian ryegrass pastures, two Grazing Management strategies were studied: the traditional rotational stocking (RT) with pre- and post-Grazing sward target heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively and, ?Rotatinuous? stocking (RN) with pre- and post-Grazing sward target heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively. Male castrated sheep were used. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The RN treatment had better herbage chemical composition in terms of quality than that of the RT treatment, with greater (P < 0.05) crude protein and lower neutral and acidic detergent fibre. The ideal sward structure and greater chemical composition of Italian ryegrass pastures found under RN treatment resulted in greater herbage digestibility and intake of organic matter and metabolizable energy by Grazing sheep than under the RT treatment. Our study highlights that Management is the key strategy to reduce the environmental impact of Grazing through lower CH4 emissions in livestock Grazing systems. Rotatinuous: stocking was the more efficient Grazing Management strategy for mitigation of CH4 emissions and intensity by Grazing sheep, with 64% less CH4 production per area and 170% less CH4 emission per unit of animal product when compared to the RT treatment.
J R Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Grazing Management season and drought contributions to near surface soil property dynamics in semiarid rangeland
Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2014Co-Authors: Mark A Liebig, Scott L Kronberg, John R Hendrickson, J R GrossAbstract:Grazing Management effects on soil property dynamics are poorly understood. A study was conducted to assess effects of Grazing Management and season on soil property dynamics and greenhouse gas flux within semiarid rangeland. Grazing Management treatments evaluated in the study included two permanent pastures differing in stocking rate (moderately and heavily grazed pastures) and a fertilized, heavily grazed crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch. ex. Link] Schult.) pasture near Mandan, North Dakota. Over a period of 3 yr, soil properties were measured in the spring, summer, and fall at 0‐5 cm and 5‐10 cm. Concurrent to soil-based measurements, fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide were measured on 1-wk to 2-wk intervals and related to soil properties via stepwise regression. High stocking rate and fertilizer nitrogen (N) application within the crested wheatgrass pasture contributed to increased soil bulk density and extractable N, and decreased soil pH and microbial biomass compared to permanent pastures. Soil nitrate nitrogen tended to be greatest at peak aboveground biomass, whereas soil ammonium nitrogen was greatest in early spring. Drought conditions during the third year of the study contributed to nearly two-fold increases in extractable N under the crested wheatgrass pasture and the heavily grazed permanent pasture, but not the moderately grazed permanent pasture. Stepwise regression found select soil properties to be modestly related to soil‐atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes, with model r 2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.76. Electrical conductivity was included most frequently in stepwise regressions and, accordingly, may serve as a useful screening indicator for greenhouse gas ‘‘hot spots’’ in Grazing land.
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carbon dioxide efflux from long term Grazing Management systems in a semiarid region
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Mark A Liebig, Scott L Kronberg, John R Hendrickson, Xuejun Dong, J R GrossAbstract:Abstract Grazing Management can affect grassland carbon (C) dynamics, yet limited information is available documenting Management effects on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) efflux. A study was conducted to quantify the role of long-term Grazing Management to affect CO 2 efflux within the semiarid northern Great Plains of North America. Grazing Management systems evaluated in the study included two native vegetation pastures differing in stocking rate [moderately grazed pasture (MGP), heavily grazed pasture (HGP)] and a fertilized, grazed crested wheatgrass [ Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult.] pasture (CWP) near Mandan, ND, USA. Carbon dioxide efflux was measured on 1–2 week intervals for three years using static chamber methodology. Supplemental assessments of soil temperature and water content, aboveground live biomass, root biomass, and soil microbial biomass C were conducted during each growing season. Carbon dioxide efflux did not differ between native vegetation pastures differing in stocking rate. However, mean hourly CO 2 efflux was greater in CWP (100.1 mg C m −2 h −1 ) than HGP (81.1 mg C m −2 h −1 ) ( P = 0.03), a result attributed to prevalence of cool-season grass and high available N in CWP. Carbon dioxide efflux differed among Grazing treatments during spring (March–May) and fall (September–November), but not winter (December–February) and summer (June–August). Associations between CO 2 efflux and abiotic factors were seasonally dependent, with positive associations between efflux and soil temperature during spring ( r = 0.71, P ≤ 0.01) and fall ( r = 0.45, P ≤ 0.01) and efflux and water-filled pore space (WFPS) during summer ( r = 0.46, P ≤ 0.01). In this study, increased stocking rate did not contribute to elevated CO 2 efflux within native vegetation pastures. Given strong weather-dependence on grassland productivity, long-term monitoring is necessary to confidently discern Grazing Management effects on C dynamics.
Jean Victor Savian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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‘Rotatinuous’ stocking: An innovation in Grazing Management to foster both herbage and animal production
Livestock Science, 2021Co-Authors: Radael Marinho Tres Schons, E Laca, Jean Victor Savian, Jean Carlos Mezzalira, E. A. N. Schneider, Luis Augusto Martins Caetano, Angel Sánchez Zubieta, M. A. Benvenutti, P. C. De F. CarvalhoAbstract:Abstract ‘Rotatinuous’ stocking is a Grazing Management strategy based on animal behavioural responses to sward structure which is designed to maximize herbage intake per unit of Grazing time. It is an alternative to traditional Grazing Management practices focusing on pasture use efficiency and maximizing herbage accumulation and harvesting. To investigate this approach, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures grazed by sheep were evaluated in 2014 and 2015 under two contrasting Grazing Management strategies. Paddocks were distributed under a complete randomized block design with four replicates. Grazing Management strategies were: traditional rotational stocking (RT), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively, and ‘Rotatinuous’ stocking (RN), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively. Thirty-two castrated Texel × Polwarth crossbred lambs were randomly allocated to treatments. As a consequence of Grazing strategies, the stocking cycles were 12 and 4, with resting periods of 13 and 35 days, respectively, for RN and RT treatments. Herbage production, total herbage harvested, and feed conversion efficiency were 28%, 20%, and 40%, respectively, greater for RN than for RT treatment. Although the stocking rate was lower, the average daily gain per animal and live weigh gain per hectare were 153% and 43%, respectively, greater for the RN treatment. Despite the RN treatment being orientated to maximize herbage intake per unit of Grazing time, it results in greater total herbage production and harvesting. We conclude that the ‘Rotatinuous’ stocking strategy is not necessarily reversed by low herbage harvesting efficiency. This innovation in Grazing Management conciliates high herbage and animal production at the same time.
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'Rotatinuous' stocking as a climate-smart Grazing Management strategy for sheep production.
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Jean Victor Savian, Radael Marinho Tres Schons, Angel Sánchez Zubieta, William De Souza Filho, Liris Kindlein, Jérôme Bindelle, Cimélio Bayer, Carolina Bremm, Paulo César De Faccio CarvalhoAbstract:Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of different Grazing Management strategies on carcass characteristics traits, meat quality and CH4 intensity and yield of lambs Grazing Italian ryegrass pastures in Southern Brazil. A Grazing trial was performed (2014 and 2015) in a randomized complete block design with two Grazing Management targets and four replicates. Treatments were traditional rotational stocking (RT), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively, and ‘Rotatinuous’ stocking (RN), with pre- and post-Grazing sward heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively. Castrated crossbred Texel and Polwarth lambs were used. Results indicated that diet cost per kg of dry matter (p = 0.001) and per hectare (p
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Rotatinuous stocking: A Grazing Management innovation that has high potential to mitigate methane emissions by sheep
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Jean Victor Savian, Radael Marinho Tres Schons, Jean Carlos Mezzalira, Cimélio Bayer, Alexandre Berndt, Daniela Elisa Marchi, Thainá Silva De Freitas, Gentil Felix Da Silva Neto, Paulo César De Faccio CarvalhoAbstract:To test the hypothesis that the best sward structure in the Grazing Management strategy based on animal behaviour, called ?Rotatinuous? stocking, results in higher nutrient intake and lower methane emission and intensity by sheep Grazing Italian ryegrass pastures, two Grazing Management strategies were studied: the traditional rotational stocking (RT) with pre- and post-Grazing sward target heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively and, ?Rotatinuous? stocking (RN) with pre- and post-Grazing sward target heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively. Male castrated sheep were used. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The RN treatment had better herbage chemical composition in terms of quality than that of the RT treatment, with greater (P < 0.05) crude protein and lower neutral and acidic detergent fibre. The ideal sward structure and greater chemical composition of Italian ryegrass pastures found under RN treatment resulted in greater herbage digestibility and intake of organic matter and metabolizable energy by Grazing sheep than under the RT treatment. Our study highlights that Management is the key strategy to reduce the environmental impact of Grazing through lower CH4 emissions in livestock Grazing systems. Rotatinuous: stocking was the more efficient Grazing Management strategy for mitigation of CH4 emissions and intensity by Grazing sheep, with 64% less CH4 production per area and 170% less CH4 emission per unit of animal product when compared to the RT treatment.
Jong-yoon Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulating hydrologic responses to alternate Grazing Management practices at the ranch and watershed scales
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard Teague, S.l. DowhowerAbstract:Grazing Management practices affect watershed hydrology by altering vegetation cover and soil properties. Long-term success of Grazing Management depends on how well increased forage harvest efficiency is balanced with the need to maintain soil aggregate stability. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including the light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC), adaptive multipaddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on hydrological processes at the ranch and watershed scales in a rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Measured data on vegetation, soil physical and hydrological properties, and Grazing Management at four study ranches within the watershed (two under MP and one each under LC and HC Grazing Management) were used to parameterize the SWAT model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the measured standing crop biomass and soil moisture data at the study ranches, and streamflow data at the watershed outlet over a 34-year period from 1980 to 2013. At the ranch scale, when the Management was changed from the baseline MP Grazing to HC Grazing, the simulated average (1980 to 2013) annual surface runoff increased within a range of 106% to 117% and water yield increased within a range of 39% to 53%. While surface runoff was found to be a major contributor (52% to 67%) to streamflow under the HC Grazing, baseflow was the dominant (55% to 66%) component of streamflow under the MP and EX practices. At the watershed scale, shifting Grazing Management from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff by about 47%, increased infiltration by 5%, and decreased streamflow by 29.5%. In addition, improvements to Grazing decreased the simulated highest annual streamflow over the 1980 to 2013 period from 8.3 m3 s−1 ([293.1 ft3 sec−1] baseline scenario) to 6.2 m3 s−1 ([219 ft3 sec−1] MP Grazing). This reduction in the maximum flow has a potential to reduce the risk of flooding downstream. However, these hydrologic responses vary according to the extent of Grazing lands in a watershed. Overall, the MP Grazing was found to be the best Grazing Management practice in terms of water conservation, vegetation regrowth, and the potential to reduce flood risk.
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Simulated water quality effects of alternate Grazing Management practices at the ranch and watershed scales
Ecological Modelling, 2017Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard TeagueAbstract:Abstract Inappropriate Grazing Management with high stocking rates can result in significantly higher levels of runoff, sediment and nutrient losses to surface water resources. An assessment of water quality effects of various Grazing Management practices enables the selection of appropriate Management practices. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including the heavy continuous (HC), light continuous (LC) and adaptive multi-paddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on water quality at the ranch and watershed scales in the rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek Watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for water quality predictions using the measured data on county-level crop yield (1980–2013), and monthly sediment (1994–2009), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads (1986–2009) at the watershed outlet. The ranch-scale assessment results at two study ranches indicated that when the Grazing Management was changed from the baseline MP Grazing to HC Grazing, the simulated average (1980–2013) annual surface runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses increased within the ranges of 106%–117%, 6.0–8.1 ton ha−1, 8.3–11.5 kg ha−1, and 1.6–2.6 kg ha−1, respectively. At the watershed-scale, shifting Grazing Management from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff, sediment, TN and TP loads by 47.0%, 39.7%, 35.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Thus, adaptive MP Grazing was found to be the best Grazing Management practice for the CCW in terms of water quality protection and improvement in ecosystem functions such as reduced soil erosion and increased nutrient retention at both ranch and watershed scales. However, the magnitudes of water quality benefits due to adoption of MP Grazing vary according to the extent of Grazing lands in a watershed.
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Assessing the Impacts of Grazing Management Practices on Watershed Hydrology and Water Quality
2015 ASABE International Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Jong-yoon Park, Srinivasulu Ale, W. Richard TeagueAbstract:Abstract. Grazing Management practices affect watershed hydrology and water quality by altering vegetation cover, soil properties and manure production. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of alternate Grazing Management practices including light continuous (LC), heavy continuous (HC) and multi-paddock (MP) Grazing, and no Grazing (EX; exclosure) on watershed hydrology and water quality of a rangeland-dominated (71% rangeland) Clear Creek Watershed (CCW) in north central Texas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the measured streamflow and sediment concentration data at the watershed outlet over a 34-year (1980–2013) and 16-year (1994–2009) period, respectively. Results indicated that shifting Grazing Management in the watershed from the baseline HC Grazing to the improved MP Grazing decreased surface runoff by about 47%, increased infiltration by 29%, and decreased streamflow by 27%. However, there were no significant differences in evapotranspiration (ET) among the Grazing scenarios. Sediment load decreased from 90.1A—10 3 to 54.4A—10 3 ton (39.6%) under the MP Grazing when compared to the baseline HC scenario. Improvements to Grazing Management have also resulted in a gradual reduction in high (0–10% exceedance interval) streamflows (and sediment loads), and thereby reduced the chances of flooding. Overall, the MP Grazing practice was found to be the best Grazing Management practice in terms of water conservation, vegetation regrowth, water quality improvement and minimization of flood risk.
