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Lawrence T. Glickman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation volvulus
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Michael P. Ward, Gary J. Patronek, Lawrence T. GlickmanAbstract:Abstract The lifetime probability of death from gastric dilation–volvulus (GDV) for five dog breeds was estimated based on published breed-specific longevity and GDV incidence. These breeds were Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner. Lifetime risk (95% CI) of GDV in these breeds ranged from 3.9% (0–11.2%) for Rottweiler to 36.7% (25.2–44.6%) for Great Dane. A decision-tree analysis for prophylactic gastropexy—using lifetime probability of death from GDV and expected cost savings for veterinary services as outcome measures—was undertaken to determine the preferred course of action in several dog breeds. Prophylactic gastropexy was the preferred choice of action for all breeds examined, with the reduction in mortality (versus no gastropexy) ranging from 2.2-fold (Rottweiler) to 29.6-fold (Great Dane). Assuming a prophylactic gastropexy costs US$ 400, the procedure was cost-effective when the lifetime risk of GDV was ≥34%. The maximum and minimum estimated breakeven costs for the gastopexy procedure ranged from US$ 20 (Rottweiler) to US$ 435 (Great Dane). The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic gastropexy was most sensitive to the cost of treating GDV (US$ 1500). Prophylactic gastropexy raises ethical issues that need to be considered by veterinarians and dog breeders.
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Incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2000Co-Authors: Lawrence T. Glickman, Db Schellenberg, Nita W. Glickman, Malathi Raghavan, Tana L. LeeAbstract:Objective—To compare incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) among 11 dog breeds (Akita, Bloodhound, Collie, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Standard Poodle, and Weimaraner). Design—Prospective cohort study. Animals—1,914 dogs. Procedure—Owners of dogs that did not have a history of GDV were recruited at dog shows, and the dog's length and height and depth and width of the thorax and abdomen were measured. Information concerning the dogs' medical history, genetic background, personality, and diet was obtained from owners, and owners were contacted by mail and telephone at approximately 1-year intervals to determine whether dogs had developed GDV or died. Incidence of GDV based on the number of dog-years at risk was calculated for each breed, and breed-related risk factors were identified. Results and Clinical Relevance—Incidence of GDV for the 7 large (23 to 45 kg [50 to 99 lb]) and 4 giant (> 45 kg [> 99 lb]) br...
Ronaldo C Da Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term computed tomography follow-up in Great Danes with or without signs of osseous- associated cervical Spondylomyelopathy
BMC, 2019Co-Authors: Daniella Vansteenkiste, Paula Martin-vaquero, Marília Bonelli, Luciana B. Da Costa, Ronaldo C Da CostaAbstract:Abstract Background Osseous- associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OA-CSM) has a high prevalence in Great Danes. In order to understand the progression of osseous changes, we aimed to perform a long-term computed tomographic (CT) follow-up study of Great Dane dogs with and without OA-CSM. Canine CSM is comparable to a common neurologic disease often diagnosed in older people termed cervical spondylotic myelopathy or degenerative cervical myelopathy, which is progressive in nature. The natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in people has been well described, whereas there is scarce information on the natural history of canine OA-CSM. Our first goal was to evaluate if follow-up CT studies showed any changes compared to initial CT studies in Great Dane dogs with a diagnosis of OA-CSM. Our second goal was to establish whether clinically normal Great Danes went on to develop any vertebral changes or clinical signs consistent with OA-CSM. We enrolled Great Danes diagnosed with OA-CSM and clinically normal Great Danes who had previously participated in a prospective study. All dogs had clinical and CT follow-up evaluations. Results Twelve Great Dane dogs were investigated: six OA-CSM affected and six clinically normal dogs. The median time between CT studies was 28 months (OA-CSM dogs) and 25 months (normal dogs). On follow-up CT, two OA-CSM-affected dogs developed new sites of stenosis, and two clinically normal dogs developed new sites of stenosis (one each). Disc spaces most commonly affected were C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7. New sites of foraminal stenosis were noted in two of the CSM-affected and four of the clinically normal dogs. Morphometric evaluation showed no statistically significant differences between the initial and follow-up CT studies in the OA-CSM affected or normal groups. Conclusion Our long-term CT follow-up study documented progression of vertebral canal stenosis in four out of twelve dogs. The majority of dogs did not develop new sites of stenosis or show progression of vertebral lesions
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development of a finite element model of the ligamentous cervical vertebral column of a Great Dane
Research in Veterinary Science, 2018Co-Authors: Marilia De Albuquerque Bonelli, Anoli Shah, Vijay K Goel, Fabiano Sellos Costa, Ronaldo C Da CostaAbstract:Cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM), also known as wobbler syndrome, affects mainly large and giant-breed dogs, causing compression of the cervical spinal cord and/or nerve roots. Structural and dynamic components seem to play a role in the development of CSM; however, pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Finite element models have been used for years in human medicine to study the dynamic behavior of structures, but it has been mostly overlooked in veterinary studies. To our knowledge, no specific ligamentous spine models have been developed to investigate naturally occurring canine myelopathies and possible surgical treatments. The goal of this study was to develop a finite element model (FEM) of the C2-C7 segment of the ligamentous cervical vertebral column of a neurologically normal Great Dane without imaging changes. The FEM of the intact C2-C7 cervical vertebral column had a total of 188,906 elements (175,715 tetra elements and 12,740 hexa elements). The range of motion (in degrees) for the FEM subjected to a moment of 2Nm was approximately 27.94 in flexion, 25.86 in extension, 24.14 in left lateral bending, 25.27 in right lateral bending, 17.44 in left axial rotation, and 16.72 in right axial rotation. We constructed a ligamentous FEM of the C2-C7 vertebral column of a Great Dane dog, which can serve as a platform to be modified and adapted for studies related to biomechanics of the cervical vertebral column and to further improve studies on osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy.
Herman A.w. Hazewinkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a radiographic study on the development of the antebrachium in Great Dane pups raised under standardized conditions
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 1994Co-Authors: George Voorhout, R. C. Nap, Herman A.w. HazewinkelAbstract:Radiographic examination of the antebrachium was performed in 16 healthy Great Danes, raised under standardized conditions, at six-week intervals from 9 to 27 weeks of age. The dogs were fed according to the National Research Council's nutrient requirements of dogs (1974). The development of the secondary ossification centers and the growth in length of the radius and ulna were noted. In the majority of dogs changes in the shape and structure of the distal ulnar metaphysis resembled disturbances in cartilage maturation and bone maturation and remodelling. An improvement in the radio-graphic appearance of the distal ulnar metaphysis was noted at the age of 27 weeks. It is concluded that the delicate processes that are involved in skeletal development may be frequently disturbed in fast growing, giant-breed dogs, without causing clinical problems.
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age related plasma concentrations of growth hormone gh and insulin like growth factor i igf i in Great Dane pups fed different dietary levels of protein
Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 1993Co-Authors: R. C. Nap, J A Mol, Herman A.w. HazewinkelAbstract:During a 20-week study, 17 Great Dane dogs, 7 weeks of age, were used to study the influence of 3 isoenergetic diets differing in dietary protein levels (i.e., 31.6%, 23.1%, and 14.6% on a dry matter basis) on body weight, growth in length, and age-related plasma GH and IGF levels. Significant differences occurred in weekly body weight gain of the high- and low- protein groups only in the fourth week of the study. There was a significant decrease in mean basal plasma GH values with time from 14.8 +/- 2.2, 13.7 +/- 2.2, and 14.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/l in the second week to 2.3 +/- 1, 0.7 +/- 0.4, and 1.8 +/- 0.7 microgram/l in the last week of the study for the high-, normal- and low-protein groups, respectively. Differences among groups were not significant. There was a positive correlation between the decrease in weekly body weight gain and plasma GH concentration in all 3 groups. IGF-I concentrations in plasma did not change consistently with age and were not correlated with plasma GH values. Significant differences in plasma IGF-I concentrations were found between groups at 15 weeks of age. Preliminary results of measurements of IGF receptors in the membranes of growth plate cartilage of long bones of 5 dogs revealed that homologous displacement of 125I-labeled IGF-I binding resulted in similar curves. A single binding site for IGF-I was assumed. The large number of type II IGF receptors in 7 dogs suggests a key role for IGF-II in postnatal skeletal growth. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that in Great Dane pups basal GH concentrations in plasma decrease between 7 and 27 weeks of age, parallel to the decrease in growth velocity, whereas the plasma IGF-I concentrations remain relatively high and unchanged. The slight but statistically significant effects of low-protein feeding on growth velocity and circulating concentrations of IGF-I indicate that a diet containing 14.6% protein on a dry matter basis (13% protein as metabolizable energy) is marginal for growing Great Dane pups between 7 and 17 weeks of age.
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Growth and skeletal development in Great Dane pups fed different levels of protein intake
Journal of Nutrition, 1991Co-Authors: R. C. Nap, Herman A.w. Hazewinkel, George Voorhout, Walter E. Van Den Brom, Sinus A. Goedegebuure, Arie Th. Van 't KloosterAbstract:Feeding a dog of a large breed with a diet exceeding the National Research Council (1974) recommendations for energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D may result in disturbances of skeletal development. The effects of excess energy and various calcium:phosphorous ratios per se have been reported by others. The role of dietary protein, especially with regard to calcium metabolism and skeletal development, in large breed-dogs is reported in this article. Seventeen Great Dane pups, 7 wk of age, were divided into three groups. During 18 wk each group received isoenergetic dry food (approximately 15 kJ metabolizable energy/g) containing 31.6, 23.1 or 14.6% protein on dry matter basis. No differences were found among the high (H-Pr), normal (N-Pr) and low protein (L-Pr) groups for the height at the shoulder. Significant differences were found between the H-Pr and L-Pr groups for body weight and plasma albumin and among all three groups for plasma urea. The differences in protein intake per se had no demonstrable consequences for calcium metabolism and skeletal development. A causative role for dietary protein in the development of osteochondrosis in dogs is unlikely.
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Calcium metabolism in Great Dane dogs fed diets with various calcium and phosphorus levels.
Journal of Nutrition, 1991Co-Authors: Herman A.w. Hazewinkel, George Voorhout, Walter E. Van Den Brom, Arie Th. Van 't Klooster, Ank M.t.c. Van WeesAbstract:The influence of dietary calcium on calcium metabolism was investigated in growing dogs that reach an adult body weight similar to that of humans. Seven groups of dogs (n Greater than or equal to 5) were raised on a diet with a composition meeting the National Research Council (NRC) requirements (1974), but differing in calcium content, with or without a constant ratio to phosphorus. Control dogs fed 1.1% calcium and 0.9% phosphorus (all on a dry matter basis) were fed ad libitum (n = 10) or in restricted amounts (n = 6); dogs fed high calcium (3.3%) diets received either 0.9% phosphorus (n = 6) or 3.0% phosphorus (n = 6); dogs fed low calcium (0.55%) diets received either 0.9% phosphorus (n = 5 + 6) or 0.5% phosphorus (n = 8). Food intake, circulating total calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations and calcium metabolism, with 45Ca kinetics, were studied at 8, 14, 20 and 26 wk of age. Except for the difference in food intake in two groups at 14 wk (i.e., 0.55% calcium-0.9% phosphorus higher and 3.3% calcium-0.9% phosphorus lower, respectively, than the controls) no differences were noticed during the rest of the study. The mean plasma calcium concentrations did not differ between groups during the studies, whereas that of inorganic phosphorus revealed temporal aberrations in two groups. An absorption coefficient alpha of 45-66% was found for the control group. High and low calcium diets gave rise to values of 23-43% and 70-97%, respectively, for alpha irrespective of the phosphorus content of the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Michael P. Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation volvulus
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Michael P. Ward, Gary J. Patronek, Lawrence T. GlickmanAbstract:Abstract The lifetime probability of death from gastric dilation–volvulus (GDV) for five dog breeds was estimated based on published breed-specific longevity and GDV incidence. These breeds were Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner. Lifetime risk (95% CI) of GDV in these breeds ranged from 3.9% (0–11.2%) for Rottweiler to 36.7% (25.2–44.6%) for Great Dane. A decision-tree analysis for prophylactic gastropexy—using lifetime probability of death from GDV and expected cost savings for veterinary services as outcome measures—was undertaken to determine the preferred course of action in several dog breeds. Prophylactic gastropexy was the preferred choice of action for all breeds examined, with the reduction in mortality (versus no gastropexy) ranging from 2.2-fold (Rottweiler) to 29.6-fold (Great Dane). Assuming a prophylactic gastropexy costs US$ 400, the procedure was cost-effective when the lifetime risk of GDV was ≥34%. The maximum and minimum estimated breakeven costs for the gastopexy procedure ranged from US$ 20 (Rottweiler) to US$ 435 (Great Dane). The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic gastropexy was most sensitive to the cost of treating GDV (US$ 1500). Prophylactic gastropexy raises ethical issues that need to be considered by veterinarians and dog breeders.
Gary J. Patronek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation volvulus
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Michael P. Ward, Gary J. Patronek, Lawrence T. GlickmanAbstract:Abstract The lifetime probability of death from gastric dilation–volvulus (GDV) for five dog breeds was estimated based on published breed-specific longevity and GDV incidence. These breeds were Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner. Lifetime risk (95% CI) of GDV in these breeds ranged from 3.9% (0–11.2%) for Rottweiler to 36.7% (25.2–44.6%) for Great Dane. A decision-tree analysis for prophylactic gastropexy—using lifetime probability of death from GDV and expected cost savings for veterinary services as outcome measures—was undertaken to determine the preferred course of action in several dog breeds. Prophylactic gastropexy was the preferred choice of action for all breeds examined, with the reduction in mortality (versus no gastropexy) ranging from 2.2-fold (Rottweiler) to 29.6-fold (Great Dane). Assuming a prophylactic gastropexy costs US$ 400, the procedure was cost-effective when the lifetime risk of GDV was ≥34%. The maximum and minimum estimated breakeven costs for the gastopexy procedure ranged from US$ 20 (Rottweiler) to US$ 435 (Great Dane). The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic gastropexy was most sensitive to the cost of treating GDV (US$ 1500). Prophylactic gastropexy raises ethical issues that need to be considered by veterinarians and dog breeders.
