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Ye Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thirty one years of rice rice Green Manure rotations shape the rhizosphere microbial community and enrich beneficial bacteria
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaoxia Zhang, Ruijie Zhang, Jusheng Gao, Xiucheng Wang, Fenliang Fan, Huaqun Yin, Caiwen Zhang, Kai Feng, Ye DengAbstract:Green Manure rotation is commonly used to increase soil fertility and improve crop yield. However, the effects of this management practice on the underground microbial ecosystem and the indirect impact on the aboveground crop growth have not been systematically analysed. In this study, we investigated the rice rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial community in a 31-year-old field experimental site treated with different Green Manures and rice rotations using both 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR approaches. Four treatments have been setup in this experimental site since 1982, including a rice-rice-winter fallow treatment as a control and three Green Manure rotation treatments: rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch, rice-rice-rape and rice-rice-ryegrass. The qPCR results showed that the bacterial abundances in the rice rhizosphere of the Green Manure rotation treatments were all significantly higher than in the winter fallow (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found among those three Green Manure rotation treatments. Moreover, α-diversity analysis revealed that Green Manure rotations decreased the microbial diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes) and richness (Chao value) in the rice rhizosphere. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance based on β-diversity revealed the microbial community was significantly switched in rice rhizosphere after long-term Green Manure rotation (p < 0.01). Additionally, the soil and plant characteristics contributed almost equally to the rhizosphere bacterial community based on a partial CCA-based variation partitioning analysis. At the genus level, the well-known plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Acinetobacter (31%–41%) and Pseudomonas (14%–28%) were the preponderant groups in Green Manure rotation treatments but accounted for only 4.4% and 2.5% in the winter fallow treatment. Overall, long-term rice-rice-Green Manure rotation shaped the microbial community in the rice rhizosphere; in particular, some beneficial bacteria, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, accumulated in the rhizosphere of Green Manure treatments.
J C G Ottow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yield and nitrogen response of lowland rice oryza sativa l to sesbania rostrata and aeschynomene afraspera Green Manure in different marginally productive soils in the philippines
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1996Co-Authors: J C G Ottow, K H Dickmann, K H Diekmann, S K De DattaAbstract:Organic-N fertilizers in the form of flood-tolerant, leguminous, stem-nodulating Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera may be useful alternatives to resource-poor rice farmers if applied as Green Manure. Therefore, the accumulation of N by these Green Manure species and their effect on the performance and yield of wetland rice (IR 64) was examined at four different sites in Luzon, Philippines. Soils deficient in N, P, and K were selected and compared with the fertile Maahas clay of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) at Los Banos. The Green Manure plants were grown under flooded conditions for 49 days in the wet season of 1987, chopped, and then ploughed in before transplanting rice seedlings. In a second experiment, the effect of S. rostrata Green Manure was studied under rainfed conditions. All Green Manure treatments were compared to an urea treatment (60 kg N ha−1) and an untreated control. Both legumes developed well, even on the marginally productive soils. S. rostrata accumulated up to 190 kg N ha−1 and A. afraspera even accumulated 196 kg N ha−1 in the shoots. In all treatments, Green Manure increased grain yield significantly (P=0.05) over the untreated control, by 1.3–1.7 Mg ha−1. The yields were comparable to those obtained with 60 kg N ha−1 of urea fertilizer. S. rostrata caused the highest grain yield, of 6.5 Mg ha−1 on the Maahas clay soil of IRRI. The apparent release of exchangeable NH 4 + -N in the soils after Green manuring and the rice grain yield response showed that both Green Manure species may provide sufficient available N throughout the development of IR 64 in the wet season. In the rainfed marginal soil site, Green Manure with S. rostrata produced even higher rice grain yields than urea. Green Manure therefore seems particularly attractive for poor farmers on marginally productive soils, at least as a temporary strategy to improve yield and yield sustainability.
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agronomic and economic evaluation of sesbania rostrata Green Manure establishment in irrigated rice
Field Crops Research, 1995Co-Authors: M. Becker, Jagdish K. Ladha, J C G OttowAbstract:Abstract Research on crop establishment methods may improve Green Manure performance, reduce costs, and increase the adaptability of pre-rice Green Manure technology in lowland rice-based cropping systems. A two-season field experiment was conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Los Banos, Philippines in 1991–1992 to compare four establishment practices of Sesbania rostrata Green Manure (zero tillage, with tillage, relay cropping in rice for 2 or 4 weeks) with four mineral N fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg urea N/ha) in an intensive irrigated lowland system with three rice crops per year. S. rostrata was grown twice a year during the 43-day dry-wet and wet-dry transition periods between the wet and dry season rice crops. Grain yield potential and fertilizer responsiveness of rice was generally highest in the dry season. On the other hand, S. rostrata growth was more vigorous in the wet season (long-day period) than in the dry season, regardless of establishment method. Green Manure N accumulation was lowest with zero tillage (30 and 90 kg N/ha in dry and wet season, respectively) and highest when it was relay-cropped for two weeks (60 and 180 kg N/ha in dry and wet season, respectively). Land preparation for Sesbania ensured best Green Manure stand (> 100 plants/m 2 vs 20–40 plants/m 2 at no-till establishments) but increased costs of Green manuring by US$16/ha compared with other establishment methods. A quadratic response function between mineral fertilizer equivalence and Green Manure N indicated that up to 75 kg N/ha, lowland rice uses Green Manure N more efficiently than urea. Depending on season and establishment method, S. rostrata substituted for 35 to 90 kg of split-applied urea N. Benefit-cost ratios indicated that pre-rice Green Manure use in the wet season under the current fertilizer and labor prices in the Philippines was a less attractive economic option than mineral N fertilizer. This was true for all establishment methods. In the dry season, S. rostrata established by relay cropping gave the highest rate of return. The 2-week relay cropping of Green Manure with irrigated rice gave highest Green Manure N accumulation and rice grain yield, and may be economically viable where fertilizer prices are higher or labor costs are lower than in the Philippines.
Eric Justes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crucifer legume cover crop mixtures provide effective sulphate catch crop and sulphur Green Manure services
Plant and Soil, 2018Co-Authors: Antoine Couëdel, Lionel Alletto, Eric JustesAbstract:Crucifers grown as cover crops are known to reduce sulphate leaching (S catch-crop service) and release large amounts of mineral sulphate for the subsequent cash crop once incorporated into the soil (S Green-Manure service). Crucifer-legume cover crop mixtures are effective to obtain high nitrogen related services, but few data exist on their performances for S-related services. Our study aimed to assess performances of a wide variety of bispecific crucifer-legume mixtures designed to provide soil S catch-crop and S Green-Manure services. A two-year field experiment was conducted at two sites near Toulouse, France (silt clay loam soil) and Orleans, France (sandy loam soil) in which cultivars from eight crucifer species and nine legume species were tested as sole and bispecific cover crops. Crucifer-legume mixtures and crucifer sole cover crops provided the same level of S catch-crop service (12 kg S ha−1), significantly higher than that of legume sole cover crops (4 kg S ha−1). Similarly, crucifer-legume mixtures provided almost the same level of S Green-Manure service (5.5 kg S ha−1) as crucifer sole cover crops (6.5 kg S ha−1). Our results demonstrate the compatibility and complementarity of certain crucifer and legume species when grown together to provide S and N catch-crop and Green-Manure services. For a same cover crop species no strong cultivar effect has been highlighted in our growing conditions.
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Cover crop crucifer-legume mixtures provide effective nitrate catch crop and nitrogen Green Manure ecosystem services
Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Antoine Couëdel, Lionel Alletto, Hélène Tribouillois, Eric JustesAbstract:During the fallow period, crucifers grown as catch crops are known to effectively reduce nitrate leaching, while legumes act mainly as Green Manure by releasing large amounts of mineral nitrogen (N) for the subsequent cash crop once incorporated into the soil. Crucifer-legume cover crop mixtures could be an effective solution for obtaining these two ecosystem services because they combine advantages of both species. However, crucifers might be a poor companion crop due to their high competition for abiotic resources and a potential allelopathic effect on legumes when grown with them. The aim of our study was to assess performances of a wide range of bispecific crucifer-legume mixtures to provide both catch crop and Green Manure services. A two-year experiment was conducted at two sites (near Toulouse and Orleans, France) where cultivars from eight crucifer species (rape, white mustard, Indian mustard, Ethiopian mustard, turnip, turnip rape, radish and rocket) and nine legume species (Egyptian clover, crimson clover, common vetch, purple vetch, hairy vetch, pea, soya bean, faba bean, and white lupin) were tested in sole-crop and bispecific mixtures (substitutive design of 50%-50% sole crops). We measured cover crop biomass and N acquisition to assess the soil nitrate catch crop service and N Green Manure service for the subsequent cash crop. In all experiments, compared to bare soil, crucifer-legume mixtures and crucifer sole cover crops provided the same level of nitrate catch crop service by reducing soil mineral N by an average of 59%, while legume sole cover crops reduced it by at least 35%, which is significant. In addition, within 6 months after termination, crucifer-legume mixtures mineralised more N (mean of 22 kg N ha(-1)) and thus had a larger N Green Manure effect for the subsequent cash crop than crucifer sole cover crops (mean of 8 kg N ha(-1)). This was due to greater N acquisition and a lower C:N ratio of crucifer-legume mixtures; even though crucifers always had advantage in acquiring N, legumes acquired enough N to provide an effective Green Manure service. These results were consistent in all of our experiments, which represent a wide range of crucifer-legume cover crops, demonstrating their generality. They also demonstrate the compatibility and complementarity of these species when grown together. In conclusion, combining crucifers and legumes as cover crops is an effective solution for obtaining multi-ecosystem services related to N recycling by providing both nitrate catch crop and N Green Manure services.
M. Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sesbania rostrata as Green Manure for lowland rice in casamance senegal
Tropical Agriculture, 1996Co-Authors: Ibrahima Ndoye, Bernard Dreyfus, M. BeckerAbstract:The stem-nodulating tropical legume, Sesbania rostrata, was grown for seven consecutive years for 35-42 days in the pre-rice niche of traditional Casamance (south Senegal) rainfed lowland fields under the management of both researchers and farmers. The incorporation of about 25- 35 Mg ha-1 of fresh Green Manure (GM) biomass resulted in an average N accumulation of 90- 150 kg N ha-1. Lowland rice-grain yields increased from 2 Mg ha-1 in weedy fallow control plots to about 4 Mg ha-1 where seed-inoculated S. rostrata was incorporated. Sesbania rostrata GM technology may contribute to increase rice production in Casamance and warrants to be extended to regions with similar conditions.
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Green Manure technology potential usage and limitations a case study for lowland rice
Plant and Soil, 1995Co-Authors: M. Becker, Jagdish K. Ladha, M AliAbstract:The growing concern about the sustainability of tropical agricultural systems stands in striking contrast to a world-wide decline in the use of soil-improving legumes. It is timely to assess the future role that soil-improving legumes may play in agricultural systems. This paper reviews recent progress, potential, and limitations of Green Manure technology, using lowland rice cropping systems as the example.
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agronomic and economic evaluation of sesbania rostrata Green Manure establishment in irrigated rice
Field Crops Research, 1995Co-Authors: M. Becker, Jagdish K. Ladha, J C G OttowAbstract:Abstract Research on crop establishment methods may improve Green Manure performance, reduce costs, and increase the adaptability of pre-rice Green Manure technology in lowland rice-based cropping systems. A two-season field experiment was conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Los Banos, Philippines in 1991–1992 to compare four establishment practices of Sesbania rostrata Green Manure (zero tillage, with tillage, relay cropping in rice for 2 or 4 weeks) with four mineral N fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg urea N/ha) in an intensive irrigated lowland system with three rice crops per year. S. rostrata was grown twice a year during the 43-day dry-wet and wet-dry transition periods between the wet and dry season rice crops. Grain yield potential and fertilizer responsiveness of rice was generally highest in the dry season. On the other hand, S. rostrata growth was more vigorous in the wet season (long-day period) than in the dry season, regardless of establishment method. Green Manure N accumulation was lowest with zero tillage (30 and 90 kg N/ha in dry and wet season, respectively) and highest when it was relay-cropped for two weeks (60 and 180 kg N/ha in dry and wet season, respectively). Land preparation for Sesbania ensured best Green Manure stand (> 100 plants/m 2 vs 20–40 plants/m 2 at no-till establishments) but increased costs of Green manuring by US$16/ha compared with other establishment methods. A quadratic response function between mineral fertilizer equivalence and Green Manure N indicated that up to 75 kg N/ha, lowland rice uses Green Manure N more efficiently than urea. Depending on season and establishment method, S. rostrata substituted for 35 to 90 kg of split-applied urea N. Benefit-cost ratios indicated that pre-rice Green Manure use in the wet season under the current fertilizer and labor prices in the Philippines was a less attractive economic option than mineral N fertilizer. This was true for all establishment methods. In the dry season, S. rostrata established by relay cropping gave the highest rate of return. The 2-week relay cropping of Green Manure with irrigated rice gave highest Green Manure N accumulation and rice grain yield, and may be economically viable where fertilizer prices are higher or labor costs are lower than in the Philippines.
Juan Parrado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of a Green Manure and Green Manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration effects on soil properties
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, A M Garciamartinez, J L Gonzalez, Juan ParradoAbstract:Abstract Beet vinasse (BV), a Green Manure constituted by Trifolium pratense L. uncomposted (TP) and composted with beet vinasse (at 1:1 rate, (TP + BV)1, and 2:1 rate, (TP + BV)2) at 10 t organic matter ha −1 rate were applied during a period of four years for purpose of restoration of a Xelloric Calciorthid located near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). The effect on the plant cover, soil physical (structural stability and bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration and enzymatic activities such as dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase) were determined. The application of BV had a detrimental impact on soil physical (structural stability decreased 16.5% and bulk density increased 18.7% respect to the control soil), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage increased 87.3% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities decreased by 53.5%, 24.5%, 27.8%, 15%, 39.7%, 42.7%, and 65.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil), probably because high quantities of monovalent cations (Na principally) were introduced into the soil by the vinasse, thus destabilizing its structure. The application of TP had a positive impact on soil physical (structural stability increased 5.9% and bulk density decreased 6.1% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 66.3%, 45.6%, 97.7%, 98.9%, 97.7%, 87.2%, and 89.4%, respectively with respect to the control soil). However, when BV was co-composted with a Green Manure, principally at a 2:1 rate, the resulting compost had a positive effect on soil physical (structural stability increased 10.5% and bulk density decreased 13.5% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 68.9%, 46.2%, 97.5%, 98.4%, 99.1%, 90.5% and 91.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil). After four years, the percentage of plant cover decreased 64.3% in the BV-amended plots respect to the control soil, whereas increased 82.8%, 81.6% and 81% in the (TP + BV)2, (TP + BV)1 and TP treatments, respectively. While the application of BV deteriorates the soil and therefore does not contribute to its restoration, the application of TP, and BV composted with TP protects the soil and will contribute to its restoration.
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application of a Green Manure and Green Manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration effects on soil properties
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Manuel Tejada, A M Garciamartinez, J L Gonzalez, Juan ParradoAbstract:Beet vinasse (BV), a Green Manure constituted by Trifolium pratense L. uncomposted (TP) and composted with beet vinasse (at 1:1 rate, (TP+BV)1, and 2:1 rate, (TP+BV)2) at 10t organic matter ha(-1) rate were applied during a period of four years for purpose of restoration of a Xelloric Calciorthid located near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain). The effect on the plant cover, soil physical (structural stability and bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration and enzymatic activities such as dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase) were determined. The application of BV had a detrimental impact on soil physical (structural stability decreased 16.5% and bulk density increased 18.7% respect to the control soil), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage increased 87.3% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities decreased by 53.5%, 24.5%, 27.8%, 15%, 39.7%, 42.7%, and 65.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil), probably because high quantities of monovalent cations (Na principally) were introduced into the soil by the vinasse, thus destabilizing its structure. The application of TP had a positive impact on soil physical (structural stability increased 5.9% and bulk density decreased 6.1% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 66.3%, 45.6%, 97.7%, 98.9%, 97.7%, 87.2%, and 89.4%, respectively with respect to the control soil). However, when BV was co-composted with a Green Manure, principally at a 2:1 rate, the resulting compost had a positive effect on soil physical (structural stability increased 10.5% and bulk density decreased 13.5% respect to the control soil), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and dehydrogenase, urease, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities increased by 68.9%, 46.2%, 97.5%, 98.4%, 99.1%, 90.5% and 91.6%, respectively with respect to the control soil). After four years, the percentage of plant cover decreased 64.3% in the BV-amended plots respect to the control soil, whereas increased 82.8%, 81.6% and 81% in the (TP+BV)2, (TP+BV)1 and TP treatments, respectively. While the application of BV deteriorates the soil and therefore does not contribute to its restoration, the application of TP, and BV composted with TP protects the soil and will contribute to its restoration.
