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Alessandro Pluchino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kathryn Millis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Valerio Gatta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Gundula Grewe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • proliferation of private labels in the Groceries sector the impact on category performance
    Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rainer Olbrich, Gundula Grewe
    Abstract:

    In consumer goods retailing, an increase in private labels on offer has been evident for several years now. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how retailer assortment-policy measures and pricing-policy measures to promote the sales of private labels will affect the level of category performance. The findings, based upon POS scanning data from the German Groceries sector, are at first view surprising since extending the range of private labels and reducing that of national brands does not lead to greater category performance. The paper offers important retailing, managerial and welfare economics implications of the findings.

Jon Stobart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An Empire of Goods? Groceries in Eighteenth-Century England
    Comparative Responses to Globalization, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jon Stobart
    Abstract:

    From the perspective of the consumer, the eighteenth century was a period of rapidly widening horizons as goods poured into Britain from an ever-expanding variety of places. This was particularly true of Groceries, which lie at the heart of a set of macroeconomic changes often characterized as a commercial revolution. Estimates vary, but the value of imports and exports increased three- or four-fold between the 1660s and 1770s, growth which was closely linked to Britain’s imperial ambitions, most particularly across the Atlantic and in the Far East, but also in west and southern Africa.1 These built on patterns that were already established and well recognized in the mid-seventeenth century. In laying out the operations of the various trading companies, Lewes Roberts’ Merchants Mappe of Commerce (1638) provides a detailed picture of the provenance of a wide range of Groceries. Trading with India, Persia, and Arabia, the East India Company brought back a range of spices and drugs as well as textiles, precious stones, and ‘infinite other commodities’. The Turkey Company imported, amongst other things, ‘muscadins of Gandia’ and ‘corance [currants] and oils of Zante, Cephalonia and Morea’; the Muscovy Company brought home honey, pitch, tax, wax, and rosin; and the French Company salt, wines, oils, and almonds. From Spain and Portugal came wine, rosin, olives, oils, sugar, soap, aniseed, liquorice, and so on, whilst Italy supplied oils and rice, as well as acted as a conduit for Eastern produce.

  • sugar and spice grocers and Groceries in provincial england 1650 1830
    2013
    Co-Authors: Jon Stobart
    Abstract:

    Consumers in eighteenth-century England were firmly embedded in an expanding world of goods, one that incorporated a range of novel foods (tobacco, chocolate, coffee, and tea) and new supplies of more established commodities, including sugar, spices, and dried fruits. Much has been written about the attraction of these goods, which went from being novelties or expensive luxuries in the mid-seventeenth century to central elements of the British diet a century or so later. They have been linked to the rise of Britain as a commercial and imperial power, whilst their consumption is seen as transforming many aspects of British society and culture, from mealtimes to gender identity. Despite this huge significance to ideas of consumer change, we know remarkably little about the everyday processes through which Groceries were sold, bought, and consumed. In tracing the lines of supply that carried Groceries from merchants to consumers, Sugar and Spice reveals how changes in retailing and shopping were central to the broader transformation of consumption and consumer practices, but also questions established ideas about the motivations underpinning consumer choices. It demonstrates the dynamic nature of eighteenth-century retailing; the importance of advertisements in promoting sales and shaping consumer perceptions, and the role of Groceries in making shopping an everyday activity. At the same time, it shows how both retailers and their customers were influenced by the practicalities and pleasures of consumption. They were active agents in consumer change, shaping their own practices rather than caught up in a single socially-inclusive cultural project such as politeness or respectability.

  • Novelty, luxury and the consumption of Groceries in eighteenth-century England
    2011
    Co-Authors: Jon Stobart
    Abstract:

    Food has long played an important part in shaping behaviour and identity, especially in a domestic setting. It was, for instance, central to hospitality and largesse in the pre-modern great house and to notions of magnificence or elegance of table. This links food closely to the kind of conspicuous consumption discussed by Veblen as characteristic of the leisured classes: the consumption of ‘more excellent goods’ being evidence of wealth and status. Defining the precise nature of these goods is problematic, but they included a range of Groceries which Smith and others have identified as luxuries: most notably sugar and spices. Food was also associated with social distinction: taste could be communicated through fashionable food and novel drinks such as tea, coffee and chocolate. Berg argues that the pursuit of novelty is intrinsically pleasurable since it stimulates arousal by providing variety, complexity and surprise. Drinking tea and coffee afforded novel physical experiences, whilst the wide range of teas available by the mid eighteenth century provided variety and complexity. Yet novelty needed to be accommodated within existing norms and practices of consumption; it had to be ‘recognizable, and tastes developed to appreciate it’. In this paper I draw on these ideas to explore certain aspects of the consumption of Groceries in the home. In particular, I focus on the way in which certain goods were viewed and consumed as novelties or luxuries. Here, I begin by considering how novelty might be defined for the individual consumer and how purchases of Groceries might reflect a pursuit of the new. The trickle down of novelties such as tea and coffee is then examined alongside the strong continuities that emerge in patterns of consumption. Next, luxury is explored in terms of exclusivity and, in more nuanced terms, using Appadurai’s register, as luxuries. Despite the growing availability of tea, sugar and so on, some consumers were clearly concerned with the quality of the Groceries being purchased, whether as novel items which could add new experiences or fashionability to their eating and drinking, or as luxuries which helped to distinguish them in some way from the common order

  • Exotic or everyday? Advertising Groceries in Georgian England
    2009
    Co-Authors: Jon Stobart
    Abstract:

    Advertising became an increasingly important aspect of retailing through the eighteenth and into the nineteenth century, not least as the range of printed media steadily expanded. Three modes of advertising stand out: notices placed in the growing number of local newspapers; trade cards and bill heads (often illustrated); and, from the early nineteenth century, advertisements placed within trade directories (Berg and Clifford, 2007). Drawing on examples of these different media from a range of towns across the country, this paper starts by assessing the extent to which grocers were engaged in such promotional activities. I argue that, alongside others selling fashionable and novel goods, they were amongst the most avid advertisers, particularly by the late eighteenth century. Building on this, I then offer a detailed analysis of the form, content, language and imagery used in grocers’ advertisements, focusing especially on the ways in which the goods are linked to notions and practicalities of empire and international trade. It is possible to draw a distinction between the intensely visual imagery of trade cards and directory advertisements, and the more prosaic lists of goods that characterise notices in newspapers. The former tended to play much more on the exotic nature of the products being sold. Colonial and neo-colonial references were prominent, often in the form of Chinese motifs. The latter, meanwhile, were often framed around more practical issues of supply, quality and price. That said, the picture was more complex than this simple dichotomy would allow, with the exotic and the everyday placed alongside one another in all forms of advertising. The consumer was thus simultaneously situated in the world economy and their own consumption milieu.

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