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Aino Smolander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protein precipitation by tannins in soil organic horizon and Vegetation in relation to tree species
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2008Co-Authors: Bartosz Adamczyk, Veikko Kitunen, Aino SmolanderAbstract:The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of tannins and their capacity to precipitate proteins in the dominant species of Ground Vegetation (Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., Vaccinium myrtillus (L.), and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (L.)) and in different layers of the soil organic horizon (litter layer—L, fermentation layer—F, humified layer—H) under silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Total tannin concentrations were also measured in leaves or needles of birch, spruce, and pine. The study site is located in Kivalo, northern Finland, close to the Arctic Circle. Differences in total tannin concentrations in Ground Vegetation were due mainly to species, with Vaccinium species having the highest values. The influence of the dominant tree species was less important. Protein precipitating capacity was dependent on plant species; the highest values occurred in Vaccinium species and spruce. Because of their relatively high protein precipitating capacity but low total tannin concentration, D. flexuosa and P. schreberi seemed to have more astringent tannins. Concentrations of total tannin and hydrolyzable tannin in the soil organic horizon differed depending on the layer and tree species. In general, the highest concentrations of total tannins were found under birch and spruce in the L layer and the lowest concentrations under pine. Protein precipitating capacity was usually the lowest in the H layer and highest under birch and spruce in the F and H layers. We showed that lignin from rotted pine wood can also precipitate proteins but only small amounts; additionally, lignin can be an important source of error for soil total tannin measurements.
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phenolic compounds and terpenes in soil organic horizon layers under silver birch norway spruce and scots pine
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2008Co-Authors: Sanna Kanerva, Veikko Kitunen, Jyrki Loponen, Aino SmolanderAbstract:The aim of this study was to monitor the concentration of some plant secondary metabolites, such as low- and high-molecular-weight phenolics, condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), and sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, in litter (L), fermentation (F) and humified (H) layers of the soil organic horizon in stands dominated by silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and from samples taken from birch leaves and spruce and pine needles. Concentrations of low- and high-molecular-weight phenolics and terpenes from the four most dominant species of Ground Vegetation taken from the stands were also determined. In general, the L layer showed higher concentrations of both phenolic compounds and terpenes than the F and H layers did. Concentrations of terpenes decreased relatively more with soil depth than did concentrations of total phenolics (=low + high) or condensed tannins. Of the total phenolics, the proportion of low-molecular-weight phenolics increased from the L to the H layer with all tree species. Concentrations of all terpenes were highest under pine and lowest under birch. Concentrations of the studied secondary metabolites in the Ground Vegetation species were similar under different tree species. Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) contained considerably higher concentrations of total phenolics than did feather moss (Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.) and wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.). Concentration of total phenolics in soil correlated positively with soil respiration and microbial biomass C, and terpenes showed positive correlation with soil C-to-N ratio.
Marozas Vitas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes of Ground Vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in pine forests, the hemiboreal zone, Lithuania
'Baltic Forestry', 2021Co-Authors: Marozas Vitas, Sasnauskienė JurgitaAbstract:Article id: 154Sustainable forestry plays an important role in applying forest management measures. In many forests, management is oriented towards closer natural forest processes. Silvicultural systems that retain some part of the trees in the stand, such as shelter wood cuttings have been introduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early changes of Ground Vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in sites of different soil fertility gradient in pine dominated stands on sandy soils in the European hemiboreal zone. The Scots pine stands in which first step of shelter wood cuttings was applied were investigated. The stands were selected in fresh (normal humidity) sites according to soil fertility gradient: very poor, poor and medium fertility soils. All mosses, lichens, herbaceous Vegetation and dwarf shrubs were recorded, and projection cover was estimated in June–August. Ellenberg’s indicator figures were used to evaluate site conditions. In shelter wood cuttings (5-6-year-old) the number of species was higher in medium fertile sites than in very poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the abundance of herbaceous species increased in all sites, while the abundance of mosses and lichens decreased. Within the first year after shelter wood cuttings, the abundance of Ericaceae species decreased, and abundance of Rosaceae and Poaceae species increased. Average Ellenberg’s indicator values showed that site conditions changed after shelter wood cuttings. The changes were more intensive in medium fertile sites than in poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the richness and abundance of Ground Vegetation changed. The intensity of change differed in sites of certain soil fertility and was caused by alteration of site conditions, which were more homogenous in sites of the certain fertility in uncut stands than in cuttingsMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
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Early Changes of Ground Vegetation in Fallow Deer Enclosure
2020Co-Authors: Marozas Vitas, Pėtelis Kęstutis, Brazaitis Gediminas, Baranauskaitė JurgitaAbstract:Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti aptvare laikomų danielių poveikį miško sumedėjusiai augalijai, puskrūmiams, žolinei dangai ir samanoms. Tyrimai atlikti danielių aptvare, esančiame Anykščių miškų urėdijos Mikierių girininkijoje Šiaurės Rytų Lietuvoje. Aptvare įsteigti trys pastovūs 100 m2 ploto tyrimo bareliai. Kiekvienas barelis suskirtytas į 25 apskaitos kvadratus (vieneto plotas 2x2 m2), kuriuose 2005 ir 2007 m. buvo suskaičiuoti trako medeliai ir krūmai, nustatyta puskrūmių, žolinių augalų ir samanų rūšinė sudėtis ir kiekvienos rūšies projekcinis padengimas. Augalijos projekcinio padengimo ir medelių bei krūmų skaičiaus 2005 ir 2007 palyginimui pritaikytas neparametrinis Vilkoksono testas. Rezultatai parodė, kad trako medelių bei krūmų, žolių ir puskrūmių projekcinis padengimas sumažėjo. Calamagrostis arundinacea, Carex digitata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Fragaria vesca, Luzula pilosa, Maianthemum bifolium, Mycelis muralis, Oxalis acetosella, Rubus idaeus ir Vaccinium myrtillus vidutinis projekcinis padengimas sumažėjo. Samanų vidutinis projekcinis padengimas padidėjo šalia šėryklos, tuo tarpu toliau jos nepasikeitė. Per 3 metus nuo danielių apgyvendinimo aptvare momento labiausiai paveikti trako medeliai ir krūmai, kiek mažiau – žoliniai augalai ir mažiausiai paveiktos samanosThe aim of the study was to examine the influence of enclosed fallow deer on forest Vegetation, undergrowth, herb cover and mosses. Investigations were carried out in fallow-deer enclosure at Anyksciai State Forest Enterprise of Mikieriai forest district in north eastern part of Lithuania. Three permanent sample plots were set up in the enclosure. An area of each sample plot was 100 m2. Each sample plot was divided into 25 record subplots (2x2 sq.m area). In 2005 and 2007 in these subplots undergrowth trees, shrubs were counted, species composition and percentage projection cover for each species of dwarf shrubs, herbaceous plants and mosses were also determined. We used non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare Vegetation projection cover and amount of saplings and shrubs in 2005 and 2007. Results showed that average projection cover of undergrowth trees, shrubs, herbs and dwarf shrubs decreased. Average projection cover of Calamagrostis arundinacea, Carex digitata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Fragaria vesca, Luzula pilosa, Maianthemum bifolium, Mycelis muralis, Oxalis acetosella, Rubus idaeus and Vaccinium myrtillus decreased. Average projection cover of mosses increased near the feeder, while it remained unchanged further from the feeder. During 3 year period of fallow deer settlement the impact of fallow deer in enclosure was strongest on undergrowth trees and shrubs, slightly less impact was on herbaceous cover and the least impact was observed on mossesVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
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Ground Vegetation development after surface fire in Scots pine forests
2020Co-Authors: Marozas VitasAbstract:The influence of low-intensity surface fires on the development of Ground Vegetation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands on sandy soils (Arenosols) was studied. The study was conducted in eastern part of Lithuania (55o35'N, 26o07'E) in 60-year-old pure Scots pine stands. The surface fire occurred at the end of April 2006. In total 4 permanent transects (20x1 m) with 20 sampling plots (1x1 m) were established for the Ground Vegetation study in burned site and untouched not-burned site (control). Vegetation was recorded annually in June-July 2006-2011. Surface fire has destroyed above-Ground part of Ground Vegetation. Ground Vegetation began to recover in the subsequent years. 3-4 years after the fires the burned sites had even higher number of species and Ground Vegetation coverage than in unburned sites. The pioneer herb species and dwarf shrubs (Vaccinium myrtillus) spread out. The recovery of moss layer was much slower. The common forest species were still absent in burned area 5 years after fireVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
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Edge effect on Ground Vegetation in clear-cut edges of pine-dominated forests
2020Co-Authors: Marozas Vitas, Grigaitis Vaidas, Brazaitis GediminasAbstract:This study investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of edge effect following forest harvesting in pine-dominated hemiboreal forests. The aim of the study was to determine how the edge influenced Ground Vegetation and how it changed over successional time. The chronosequence approach was used for the description of the succession by taking sites in similar environments but in different periods after cutting. Five transects were established in each type of edge. All Ground Vegetation was recorded and the percentage cover of each species was estimated. The impact of edge effect to overall species composition was evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis. The variety of species composition along the distance from the edge was highest in clear-cut-mature stand edges. The highest species richness was found at the edges of older clear-cuts. The cover of herb layer was highest in older clear-cuts and young stands. The cover of moss layer was lower in clear-cutting areas than in nearby standing mature stands. Edge influence was still detectable up to 40 years after clear-cutting, when forest interior conditions have not yet formedVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
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Dynamics of Ground Vegetation after surface fires in hemiboreal Pinus sylvestris forests
2020Co-Authors: Marozas Vitas, Račinskas Jonas, Bartkevičius EdmundasAbstract:The aim of this work was to investigate the changes of Ground Vegetation (field layer: mosses, lichens; Ground layer: herbs, shrubs, tree seedlings and saplings) and regeneration of tree species in pine forests after surface fires. The study area was located in Southern part of Lithuania in hemiboreal zone of Europe. The field and Ground Vegetation was recorded in forest stands burned in 1992 and 1994-2002 and compared with the nearby control fire untouched areas. We selected five burned areas for each year (total 50 burned stands). Vegetation sampling was conducted during July and August 2003. For Vegetation description in each stand we systematically placed twenty Imxlm plots. Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used to identify significant differences in Vegetation between burned and untouched areas. It was determined that species richness increased after fire. Early successional species such as Agrostis capillaris L., Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub, Festuca ovina L.and Melampyrum pratense L. invaded in burned areas immediately after fire. Abundance of dominant species (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) recovered after 5 years. Pioneer moss species (Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. and Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.) replaced late successional mosses (Dicranum polysetum Sw., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brit.) Mitt.). Species number in the shrub layer decreased. Juniperus communis L. was killed by fire. Amount of undergrowth decreased first 4 years after fire. Saplings of Picea abies (L.) Karst., disappeared at all. Fire stimulated regeneration of Pinus sylvestris L., especially first 4 years after fire. Herbaceous and dwarf shrubs recovered 5-6 years after fire, moss cover—9 years after fire. Differences in moss species composition still remained 11 years after fire. Main finding suggest that fire is favourable to biodiversity of pine forestVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
Jurij Diaci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variation in irradiance soil features and regeneration patterns in experimental forest canopy gaps
Annals of Forest Science, 2015Co-Authors: Ursa Vilhar, Dusan Roženbergar, Primož Simoncic, Jurij DiaciAbstract:Key message Natural regeneration of beech, maple and fir was investigated in relation to irradiance, Ground Vegetation and soil features. Seedling establishment may be favoured by creating small and irregular gaps and by successive extension of gaps along the sun-exposed gap edge.
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regeneration in experimental gaps of subalpine picea abies forest in the slovenian alps
European Journal of Forest Research, 2005Co-Authors: Jurij Diaci, Rok Pisek, Andrej BoncinaAbstract:In 1998, we analysed regeneration success in four 20 year old medium-sized (600–800 m2) and four small experimental gaps (100–200 m2) in subalpine Norway spruce forest in Triglav National Park, Slovenia. We assessed the influence of site (depressions, slopes), gap size, and position within gap (centre, gap south, and north edge) on regeneration success and interactions between regeneration density, height, height increment, direct and diffuse light, Ground Vegetation, soil depth, thickness of humus horizons, presence of woody debris, and microrelief. Seedling density was higher in depressions, where more seedlings developed in central positions of gaps in both gap sizes, and in microsites with deeper soils, less competition from Ground Vegetation and convex microsites. On slopes, a higher seedling density was found in small gaps, and at the northern edge of gaps regardless of gap size. Here, seedling density was negatively influenced by diffuse radiation and positively by soil depth. The results suggest that regeneration should be initiated from medium to large gaps in depressions and small gaps on slopes. Development of established seedlings was enhanced by higher radiation levels on both sites, therefore favourable extension of the gaps would be lateral to northwards.
Rainer Waldhardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed bank diversity in mesic grasslands in relation to Vegetation type management and site conditions
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2007Co-Authors: Camilla Wellstein, Annette Otte, Rainer WaldhardtAbstract:Abstract Questions: 1. Do different management types (i.e. hay meadow, silage meadow, meadow-pasture, pasture) have different impact on the size and composition of the seed bank of mesic grassland (Arrhenatheretalia)? 2. How strong is the effect of management on the seed bank in relation to above-Ground Vegetation, edaphic factors and land-use history? 3. Are there differences in C-S-R plant strategy types and seed longevity under different management regimes? Location: Lahn-Dill Highlands in central-western Germany. Methods: Above-Ground Vegetation and the soil seed bank of 63 plots (at 21 sites) in mesic grasslands were studied. Differences between management types in quantitative seed bank traits and functional characteristics were tested by ANOVA. The impact of management, above-Ground Vegetation, site conditions and land-use history on seed bank composition were analysed by partial CCA. Results: Management had no significant impact on species richness and density of the seed bank but significantly in...
Annette Otte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed bank diversity in mesic grasslands in relation to Vegetation type management and site conditions
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2007Co-Authors: Camilla Wellstein, Annette Otte, Rainer WaldhardtAbstract:Abstract Questions: 1. Do different management types (i.e. hay meadow, silage meadow, meadow-pasture, pasture) have different impact on the size and composition of the seed bank of mesic grassland (Arrhenatheretalia)? 2. How strong is the effect of management on the seed bank in relation to above-Ground Vegetation, edaphic factors and land-use history? 3. Are there differences in C-S-R plant strategy types and seed longevity under different management regimes? Location: Lahn-Dill Highlands in central-western Germany. Methods: Above-Ground Vegetation and the soil seed bank of 63 plots (at 21 sites) in mesic grasslands were studied. Differences between management types in quantitative seed bank traits and functional characteristics were tested by ANOVA. The impact of management, above-Ground Vegetation, site conditions and land-use history on seed bank composition were analysed by partial CCA. Results: Management had no significant impact on species richness and density of the seed bank but significantly in...
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the impact of flooding regime on the soil seed bank of flood meadows
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2001Co-Authors: Norbert Holzel, Annette OtteAbstract:. We assessed the significance of flooding for the floristic composition of seed banks in flood-meadows of the northern valley of the Upper Rhine. We compared three hydrological compartments of the alluvial plain, consisting of the regularly flooded land between the river and low summer dykes (functional flood-plain), the occasionally flooded land between summer dykes and high winter dykes (hybrid floodplain) and the land behind the winter dykes, which is now only submerged by ascending Groundwater (fossil flood-plain). Due to their different flooding regime, the three compartments should differ with respect to the prevailing conditions of diaspore input. The seed density of soil samples increased with the duration of flooding in the three compartments, while species richness and the proportion of species not occurring in the Vegetation was constant. The increase in seed density can be largely attributed to an increase of disturbance indicators, which are present in the above-Ground Vegetation and capable of forming a long-term persistent seed bank. No effects of flooding on the composition of seed banks in the three flood-plain compartments were found. The differences in seed bank composition can be largely explained by corresponding differences in above-Ground Vegetation and former and present-day meadow management. Seeds of species absent from above-Ground Vegetation can be attributed to the local species pool present in the immediate vicinity of the study plots. We discuss consequences of the results for the restoration of species-rich flood-plain meadows.
