The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Teresa M Moreira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental assessment of green Hardboard production coupled with a laccase activated system
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2011Co-Authors: Sara Gonzalezgarcia, Gumersindo Feijoo, Carol Heathcote, Andreas Kandelbauer, Teresa M MoreiraAbstract:European consumption of wood-based panels reached record levels in recent years driven mostly by demand from end-use sectors: residential construction, furniture, cabinets, flooring and mouldings. The main panel types are composite boards such as particleboard, high density fiberboard (HDF), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and other adhesively bonded composites such as plywood and wet-process fiberboard (Hardboard). The synthetic resins used in their manufacture come from non-renewable resources, such as oil and gas. Several consequences are associated to this type of adhesives: variation in the availability and cost of these wood adhesives depends on raw materials, the formaldehyde emissions as well as the limited recyclability of the final product. Hence, in the search for alternatives to petroleum-based wood adhesives, efforts are being devoted to develop adhesives by using phenolic substitutes based on lignin, tannin or starch. In this context, the forest industry is increasingly approaching to enzyme technology in the search of solutions. The main goal of this study was to assess the environmental impacts during the life cycle of a new process for the manufacture of Hardboards manufacture, considering the use of a two-component bio-adhesive formulated with a wood-based phenolic material and a phenol-oxidizing enzyme. This new product was compared to the one manufactured with the conventional phenol-formaldehyde resin. The study covers the life cycle of green Hardboards production from a cradle-to-gate perspective, analysing in detail the Hardboard plant and dividing the process chain in three subsystems: Fibers Preparation, Board Forming and Board Finishing. Auxiliary activities such as chemicals, bio-adhesive, wood chips, thermal energy and electricity production and transport were included within the system boundaries. Global warming (GW), photochemical oxidant formation (PO), acidification (AC) and eutrophication (EP) were the impact categories analysed in this study. Additionally, the cumulative energy demand was evaluated as another impact category. According to the results, four stages significantly influenced the environmental burdens of the production system: laccase production, on-site thermal energy and electricity production as well as wood chipping stage. Due to the environmental impact associated to the production of green bonding agents, a sensitivity analysis with special focus on the eutrophying emissions was carried out by evaluating the amount of laccase and lignin based phenolic material used. The combined reduction in both bonding agents may slightly reduce the contributions to this impact category. In addition, a hypothetical scenario with no laccase and with a higher concentration of the lignin based material (25% more) could improve the environmental profile in all impact categories with a reduction of 1.5% in EP. Further research should focus mainly on laccase production, in order to reduce its energy demand as well as on the amount of green adhesive required to obtain mechanical and swelling properties similar to those of conventional Hardboard.
Wayan Darmawan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 2008Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm^3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm^3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate. Dieser Artikel präsentiert Ergebnisse zum Freiflächenverschleiß (Verschleißmarkenbreite) und den Normalkräften von TiN-beschichtetem P30 [Hartmetallschneidstoff (P-Gruppe = hohe Wärmefestigkeit bei geringem Verschleiß)] bei der Zerspanung von Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten. Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundene Holzfaserplatten von geringer Dichte (ca. 0.8 g/cm^3) und hoher Dichte (ca. 1.2 g/cm^3) wurden mittels TiN-beschichtetem P30 zerspant. Um den Einfluss des Werkstoffes auf den Freiflächenverschleiß und die Normalkräfte von TiN-beschichtetem P30 zu ermitteln, wurden Zerspanversuche bei einer Schnittgeschwindigkeit von 1000 m/min und einem Vorschub von 0.1 mm/U durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass das TiN-beschichtete P30 im Vergleich zum unbeschichtetem P30 Vorteile in Bezug auf reduzierten Freiflächenverschleiß bei gleichzeitig geringen Normalkräften bei der Zerspanung sowohl von Hartfaserplatten als auch den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten bietet. Die Höhe des Freiflächenverschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 war für die zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten größer als für die Hartfaserplatten. Trotz des höheren Verschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringerer Dichte verglichen mit den Hartfaserplatten geringer Dichte, sind die Normalkräfte bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringer Dichte stets geringer. Es konnte beobachtet werden, dass der Freiflächenverschleiß des TiN-beschichteten P30 aufgrund von Ablösungen der TiN-Schicht und des Verschleißes des Substrates auftritt, nachdem die Beschichtung vom Substrat abgelöst worden ist.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2007Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate.
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Performance of coated carbide tools when grooving wood-based materials: Effect of work materials and coating materials on the wear resistance of coated carbide tools
Journal of Wood Science, 2001Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Chiaki Tanaka, Tadashi OhtaniAbstract:This paper presents the performance of coated carbide tools when grooving various density Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Work materials of low density (about 0.8 g/cm(3)) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm(3)) were tested. The coating materials studied were chromium carbide, titanium carbonitride, and titanium carbide, which were synthesized on P30 carbide substrate using a chemical vapor deposition method; titanium nitride, chromium nitride, and titanium carbonitride were synthesized using the physical vapor deposition method. Cutting tests were performed during grooving at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev. The results of the study show that the coated carbide tools are more advantageous in reducing the progression of tool wear and retaining lower normal force and noise level when cutting both Hardboard and wood-chip cement board of high density than was the uncoated carbide tool, The wear rate of the coated carbide tools for the wood-chip cement board increased more rapidly than that of the Hardboard with increasing densities. Though the coated carbide tools suffered more wear with the low-density wood-chip cement board than with Hardboard, their normal force and noise level were always lower for the low-density wood-chip cement board.
Rémy Marchal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 2008Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm^3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm^3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate. Dieser Artikel präsentiert Ergebnisse zum Freiflächenverschleiß (Verschleißmarkenbreite) und den Normalkräften von TiN-beschichtetem P30 [Hartmetallschneidstoff (P-Gruppe = hohe Wärmefestigkeit bei geringem Verschleiß)] bei der Zerspanung von Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten. Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundene Holzfaserplatten von geringer Dichte (ca. 0.8 g/cm^3) und hoher Dichte (ca. 1.2 g/cm^3) wurden mittels TiN-beschichtetem P30 zerspant. Um den Einfluss des Werkstoffes auf den Freiflächenverschleiß und die Normalkräfte von TiN-beschichtetem P30 zu ermitteln, wurden Zerspanversuche bei einer Schnittgeschwindigkeit von 1000 m/min und einem Vorschub von 0.1 mm/U durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass das TiN-beschichtete P30 im Vergleich zum unbeschichtetem P30 Vorteile in Bezug auf reduzierten Freiflächenverschleiß bei gleichzeitig geringen Normalkräften bei der Zerspanung sowohl von Hartfaserplatten als auch den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten bietet. Die Höhe des Freiflächenverschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 war für die zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten größer als für die Hartfaserplatten. Trotz des höheren Verschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringerer Dichte verglichen mit den Hartfaserplatten geringer Dichte, sind die Normalkräfte bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringer Dichte stets geringer. Es konnte beobachtet werden, dass der Freiflächenverschleiß des TiN-beschichteten P30 aufgrund von Ablösungen der TiN-Schicht und des Verschleißes des Substrates auftritt, nachdem die Beschichtung vom Substrat abgelöst worden ist.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2007Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate.
Sara Gonzalezgarcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental assessment of green Hardboard production coupled with a laccase activated system
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2011Co-Authors: Sara Gonzalezgarcia, Gumersindo Feijoo, Carol Heathcote, Andreas Kandelbauer, Teresa M MoreiraAbstract:European consumption of wood-based panels reached record levels in recent years driven mostly by demand from end-use sectors: residential construction, furniture, cabinets, flooring and mouldings. The main panel types are composite boards such as particleboard, high density fiberboard (HDF), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and other adhesively bonded composites such as plywood and wet-process fiberboard (Hardboard). The synthetic resins used in their manufacture come from non-renewable resources, such as oil and gas. Several consequences are associated to this type of adhesives: variation in the availability and cost of these wood adhesives depends on raw materials, the formaldehyde emissions as well as the limited recyclability of the final product. Hence, in the search for alternatives to petroleum-based wood adhesives, efforts are being devoted to develop adhesives by using phenolic substitutes based on lignin, tannin or starch. In this context, the forest industry is increasingly approaching to enzyme technology in the search of solutions. The main goal of this study was to assess the environmental impacts during the life cycle of a new process for the manufacture of Hardboards manufacture, considering the use of a two-component bio-adhesive formulated with a wood-based phenolic material and a phenol-oxidizing enzyme. This new product was compared to the one manufactured with the conventional phenol-formaldehyde resin. The study covers the life cycle of green Hardboards production from a cradle-to-gate perspective, analysing in detail the Hardboard plant and dividing the process chain in three subsystems: Fibers Preparation, Board Forming and Board Finishing. Auxiliary activities such as chemicals, bio-adhesive, wood chips, thermal energy and electricity production and transport were included within the system boundaries. Global warming (GW), photochemical oxidant formation (PO), acidification (AC) and eutrophication (EP) were the impact categories analysed in this study. Additionally, the cumulative energy demand was evaluated as another impact category. According to the results, four stages significantly influenced the environmental burdens of the production system: laccase production, on-site thermal energy and electricity production as well as wood chipping stage. Due to the environmental impact associated to the production of green bonding agents, a sensitivity analysis with special focus on the eutrophying emissions was carried out by evaluating the amount of laccase and lignin based phenolic material used. The combined reduction in both bonding agents may slightly reduce the contributions to this impact category. In addition, a hypothetical scenario with no laccase and with a higher concentration of the lignin based material (25% more) could improve the environmental profile in all impact categories with a reduction of 1.5% in EP. Further research should focus mainly on laccase production, in order to reduce its energy demand as well as on the amount of green adhesive required to obtain mechanical and swelling properties similar to those of conventional Hardboard.
Hiroshi Usuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 2008Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm^3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm^3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate. Dieser Artikel präsentiert Ergebnisse zum Freiflächenverschleiß (Verschleißmarkenbreite) und den Normalkräften von TiN-beschichtetem P30 [Hartmetallschneidstoff (P-Gruppe = hohe Wärmefestigkeit bei geringem Verschleiß)] bei der Zerspanung von Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten. Hartfaserplatten und zementgebundene Holzfaserplatten von geringer Dichte (ca. 0.8 g/cm^3) und hoher Dichte (ca. 1.2 g/cm^3) wurden mittels TiN-beschichtetem P30 zerspant. Um den Einfluss des Werkstoffes auf den Freiflächenverschleiß und die Normalkräfte von TiN-beschichtetem P30 zu ermitteln, wurden Zerspanversuche bei einer Schnittgeschwindigkeit von 1000 m/min und einem Vorschub von 0.1 mm/U durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass das TiN-beschichtete P30 im Vergleich zum unbeschichtetem P30 Vorteile in Bezug auf reduzierten Freiflächenverschleiß bei gleichzeitig geringen Normalkräften bei der Zerspanung sowohl von Hartfaserplatten als auch den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten bietet. Die Höhe des Freiflächenverschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 war für die zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten größer als für die Hartfaserplatten. Trotz des höheren Verschleißes des TiN-beschichteten P30 bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringerer Dichte verglichen mit den Hartfaserplatten geringer Dichte, sind die Normalkräfte bei den zementgebundenen Holzfaserplatten geringer Dichte stets geringer. Es konnte beobachtet werden, dass der Freiflächenverschleiß des TiN-beschichteten P30 aufgrund von Ablösungen der TiN-Schicht und des Verschleißes des Substrates auftritt, nachdem die Beschichtung vom Substrat abgelöst worden ist.
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Clearance wear and normal force of TiN-coated P30 in cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cementboards
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2007Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Jean Quesada, Rémy MarchalAbstract:This paper presents the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of TiN coated P30 when cutting Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards of low density (about 0.8 g/cm3) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm3) were cut by using TiN coated P30. Cutting tests were performed at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the effect of the work materials on the clearance wear and normal force characteristics of the TiN coated P30. The experimental results showed that the TiN coated P30, compared to uncoated P30, is more advantageous in reducing the progression of wear on the clearance face, and in retaining lower normal force in cutting both Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. The amount of clearance wear suffered by the TiN coated P30 for the wood-chip cement board was larger compared to that for the Hardboard. Though the TiN coated P30 suffers higher wear for the low density wood-chip cement board than the low density Hardboard, its normal force, however, is always lower for the low density wood-chip cement board. It was observed that the clearance wear of the TiN coated P30 occurs due to delamination of TiN film and the wear of the substrate occurs after the coating film was disappeared from the substrate.
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Performance of coated carbide tools when grooving wood-based materials: Effect of work materials and coating materials on the wear resistance of coated carbide tools
Journal of Wood Science, 2001Co-Authors: Wayan Darmawan, Hiroshi Usuki, Chiaki Tanaka, Tadashi OhtaniAbstract:This paper presents the performance of coated carbide tools when grooving various density Hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Work materials of low density (about 0.8 g/cm(3)) and high density (about 1.2 g/cm(3)) were tested. The coating materials studied were chromium carbide, titanium carbonitride, and titanium carbide, which were synthesized on P30 carbide substrate using a chemical vapor deposition method; titanium nitride, chromium nitride, and titanium carbonitride were synthesized using the physical vapor deposition method. Cutting tests were performed during grooving at a cutting speed of 1000 m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev. The results of the study show that the coated carbide tools are more advantageous in reducing the progression of tool wear and retaining lower normal force and noise level when cutting both Hardboard and wood-chip cement board of high density than was the uncoated carbide tool, The wear rate of the coated carbide tools for the wood-chip cement board increased more rapidly than that of the Hardboard with increasing densities. Though the coated carbide tools suffered more wear with the low-density wood-chip cement board than with Hardboard, their normal force and noise level were always lower for the low-density wood-chip cement board.
