The Experts below are selected from a list of 12258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Noureddine Barka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Laser Hardening Process Parameters on Hardness Profile of 4340 Steel Spline—An Experimental Approach
Coatings, 2020Co-Authors: Noureddine Barka, Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi, Rachid Fakir, Patrick Thibeault, Vincent Blériot Feujofack KemdaAbstract:This study displays the effect of laser surface hardening parameters on the Hardness Profile (case depth) of a splined shaft made of AISI 4340 steel. The approach is mainly based on experimental tests wherein the Hardness Profile of laser hardened splines is acquired using micro-Hardness measurements. These results are then evaluated with statistical analysis (ANOVA) to determine the principal effect and the contributions of each parameter in the laser hardening process. Using empirical correlations, the case depth of splined shaft at tip and root of spline’s teeth is also estimated and verified with measured data. The obtained results were then used to study the sensitivity of the measured case depths according to the evolution of laser process parameters and geometrical factors. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach lead to a reliable statistical model in which the Hardness Profile of the spline is estimated with respect to its specific geometry.
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effects of laser hardening process parameters on Hardness Profile of 4340 steel spline an experimental approach
THE Coatings, 2020Co-Authors: Noureddine Barka, Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi, Rachid Fakir, Patrick Thibeault, Vincent Blériot Feujofack KemdaAbstract:This study displays the effect of laser surface hardening parameters on the Hardness Profile (case depth) of a splined shaft made of AISI 4340 steel. The approach is mainly based on experimental tests wherein the Hardness Profile of laser hardened splines is acquired using micro-Hardness measurements. These results are then evaluated with statistical analysis (ANOVA) to determine the principal effect and the contributions of each parameter in the laser hardening process. Using empirical correlations, the case depth of splined shaft at tip and root of spline’s teeth is also estimated and verified with measured data. The obtained results were then used to study the sensitivity of the measured case depths according to the evolution of laser process parameters and geometrical factors. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach lead to a reliable statistical model in which the Hardness Profile of the spline is estimated with respect to its specific geometry.
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Optimization of the edge effect of 4340 steel specimen heated by induction process with flux concentrators using finite element axis-symmetric simulation and experimental validation
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Mohamed Khalifa, Noureddine Barka, Jean Brousseau, Philippe BocherAbstract:This research is performed by 2D axis-symmetric finite element simulation based on the coupling of electromagnetic fields and heat transfer applied on 4340 steel specimen with flux concentrators heated by induction process. The model is built using COMSOL software based on an adequate formulation taking into account the material properties and process parameters. The obtained induced currents and temperature distributions are analyzed versus the geometrical dimensions of the model. The originality of this paper lies in the exploitation of simulation data using classical modeling and the optimization techniques to optimize the Hardness Profile according to geometrical factors. The proposed method is based on finite element simulations and adequate objective function able to converge to the optimal linear Hardness Profile. The results demonstrate that the final Hardness Profile can be quasi-uniform with a narrow flux concentrator gap when the gap between the master part and the inductor is larger. This overall study allows a good exploration of Hardness Profile linearity under various geometrical dimensions and permits a good comprehension of induction heating with flux concentrator behavior.
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Sensitivity study of Hardness Profile of 4340 steel disc hardened by induction according to machine parameters and geometrical factors
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Mohamed Khalifa, Noureddine Barka, Jean Brousseau, Philippe BocherAbstract:An adequate induction heat treatment operation should always identify, previously, the probable temperature distribution and Hardness Profile behavior in specific regions of the treated component according to heating process parameters. This paper presents an analysis of the effects of some geometrical factor related to the component and the coil and machine parameters on temperature distribution and case depth of an AISI 4340 low - alloy steel disc heated by induction. A Comsol model was created, defined as a group of process parameters followed by a mesh study. A Matlab algorithm coupled to the simulation model was designed to handle a large number of simulations and export temperature Profile data. The case depth is then interpolated from collected temperature data and a statistical analysis was developed to create the Hardness prediction model. The experimental tests conducted under the same process parameters support the numerical model results and approve the simulation, the prediction modeling , and the statistical study.
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ANN Laser Hardening Quality Modeling Using Geometrical and Punctual Characterizing Approaches
Coatings, 2018Co-Authors: Ilyes Maamri, Noureddine Barka, Abderrazak El OuafiAbstract:Maximum Hardness and hardened depth are the responses of interest in relation to the laser hardening process. These values define heat treatment quality and have a direct impact on mechanical performance. This paper aims to develop models capable of predicting the shape of the Hardness Profile depending on laser process parameters for controlling laser hardening quality (LHQ), or rather the response values. An experimental study was conducted to highlight hardened Profile sensitivity to process input parameters such as laser power (PL), beam scanning speed (VS) and initial Hardness in the core (HC). LHQ modeling was conducted by modeling attributes extracted from the Hardness Profile curve using two effective techniques based on the punctual and geometrical approaches. The process parameters with the most influence on the responses were laser power, beam scanning speed and initial Hardness in the core. The obtained results demonstrate that the geometrical approach is more accurate and credible than the punctual approach according to performance assessment criteria.
Seyyed Ehsan Mirsalehi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Through-Thickness Friction Stir Processing Parameters on Weld Repair and Modification of Fusion-Welded AA6061 Aluminum Alloy
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2019Co-Authors: Saeed Aliakbari, Mostafa Ketabchi, Seyyed Ehsan MirsalehiAbstract:Through-thickness friction stir processing was successfully carried out for microstructure modification and elimination of fusion defects of the gas metal arc welds by applying the process on as-welded joints. Variation in rotational speed from 750 to 1050 rpm and traveling speed from 50 to 200 mm/min resulted in minor changes (approximately 1 µm) in the grain size of nugget zone, while this variation in elongation result was up to 40%. The Hardness Profile, the width of softening zone, minimum Hardness and fracture location also changed for different processing conditions. Furthermore, the defects were vanished efficiently across the welds Profile by this method. The results also verified the geometric dynamic recrystallization phenomena as a dominant mechanism of microstructural modification.
Gérard Mauvoisin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental and numerical analyses of instrumented and continuous indentation of treated steels
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Ali Nayebi, Gérard Mauvoisin, Olivier Bartier, R. El Abdi, M. BuissonAbstract:The present paper uses the indentation of materials with a yield strength gradient, by spherical indenters in order to obtain Vickers Hardness Profile. Using finite element modelling, a simulation of elasto-plastic spherical indentation of materials with a yield stress was carried out. A theoretical model for effective mean pressure evolution of the spherical indentation on the surface of heat treated steels was obtained. Using the preceding model and steepest descent optimisation algorithms, a method for determining Vickers Hardness Profile (surface Hardness and layer thicknesses) of these steels, is given. Results for carbo-nitriding steels obtained by the standard Vickers micro-Hardness techniques (on the section taken through the surface) are compared with those obtained by the proposed method. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Experimental and numerical analyses of instrumented and continuous indentation of treated steels
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Ali Nayebi, Gérard Mauvoisin, R. El Abdi, Olivier Bartier, M. BuissonAbstract:Abstract The present paper uses the indentation of materials with a yield strength gradient, by spherical indenters in order to obtain Vickers Hardness Profile. Using finite element modelling, a simulation of elasto-plastic spherical indentation of materials with a yield stress was carried out. A theoretical model for effective mean pressure evolution of the spherical indentation on the surface of heat treated steels was obtained. Using the preceding model and steepest descent optimisation algorithms, a method for determining Vickers Hardness Profile (surface Hardness and layer thicknesses) of these steels, is given. Results for carbo-nitriding steels obtained by the standard Vickers micro-Hardness techniques (on the section taken through the surface) are compared with those obtained by the proposed method.
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Hardness Profile analysis of elasto-plastic heat-treated steels with a gradient in yield strength
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2002Co-Authors: Ali Nayebi, R. El Abdi, Olivier Bartier, Gérard MauvoisinAbstract:An elasto-plastic indentation study on materials with a yield strength gradient like steels which have undergone thermal hardening such as nitriding, is carried out using experimental and finite element methods. The analysis of the normalized mean contact pressure as a function of a dimensionless strain parameter for graded materials shows that the mean contact pressure presents the same tendency as equivalent homogeneous materials. A simple model for the average plastic zone radius of graded materials is given. A relation is developed to predict the Hardness variation as a function of the indentation depth. Lastly, a theory based on the effective evolution of Hardness is proposed to determine the yield stress and Hardness Profile for materials with a decreasing yield stress with depth. Results for carbo-nitriding steels obtained by the standard Vickers micro Hardness techniques are compared with those obtained by the proposed method.
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Quantitative measurement of the Hardness Profile on carbo-nitriding steel by the hole drilling method
Measurement, 1999Co-Authors: Gérard Mauvoisin, Francis ChagneauAbstract:Abstract The thrust measured during a drilling test is related to the Hardness of the material being tested. When the test is performed on a superficially heat-treated specimen, the results do not correspond exactly to the Hardness Profile obtained by the standard Vickers micro Hardness technique. Because of the extreme Hardness of the surface tested and the small diameter required to minimise material damage, a drill is more suitable than a milling cutter. The thrust measured during testing thus integrates heterogeneous resistance along the cutting edge of the drill. Consequently, correspondence between the Hardness Profile and the measured signal is shown to be non-linear. By discretising the thickness drilled, we have developed an algorithm which yields the Hardness of each elemental thickness. Results for carbo-nitriding steel are very close to those obtained by the Vickers technique and the accuracy is also very similar for both methods.
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Hardness Profile control on a carbo-nitriding steel by a drilling test
1997 European Control Conference (ECC), 1997Co-Authors: Gérard Mauvoisin, Francis Chagneau, A. Poudens, Maurice LevasseurAbstract:The surface treatments concerns many parts of machines particularly exposed to corrosion, friction or high level of pressure. Different techniques are available to carry out a superficial heat treatment (carburizing, nitriding, carbo-nitriding, induction hardening, ...). Then, to control the heat treatment quality one uses to measure the Hardness Profile by using the micro Vickers indentation technique. This well known method is long and tedious. In this paper, we propose a new experimental setup allowing to measure the thrust during a drilling test. The measured values correspond to the material penetrating resistance which is reliable to its ultimate resistance. The drilling test applied to a workpiece specimen after superficial heat treatment gives a signal similar to the Hardness Profile along a normal axis to the surface under test. Because of the high hardeness of surface tested and the small diameter required to minimize the material damage, twist drill tool is more recommended than milling cutter. Then, the thrust measured during test integrates heterogeneous resistances along the cutting edge. Consequently, the relation between the Hardness Profile and the measured signal is shown to be non-linear. Eventually, the Hardness Profile must be extracted from the actual signal by some mathematical operations. Indeed, by the discretization of the drilled thickness, it is possible to constitute a system of equations giving the resistance of each elementary thickness. In this paper, two algorythms for Hardness Profile unwrapping are presente. Results on carbo-nitriding steel are shown to be very close to those obtained by Vickers technique and the accuracy is also very similar for both methods. Given the Hardness level of the tested materials a good reproducibility on measurements is only obtained by using a drill of excellent quality. The automated drilling test gives the Hardness Profile in a few minutes and seems quite well adapted to industrial implementation.
Ulises Alfaro Mercado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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friction stir welding of titanium alloy tial6v4 to aluminium alloy aa2024 t3
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2009Co-Authors: Ulrike Dressle, Gerhard Iallas, Ulises Alfaro MercadoAbstract:Abstract Titanium alloy TiAl6V4 and aluminium alloy 2024-T3 were successfully joined by friction stir welding. Microstructure, Hardness and tensile strength of the butt joint were investigated. The weld nugget exhibits a mixture of fine recrystallized grains of aluminium alloy and titanium particles. Hardness Profile reveals a sharp decrease at titanium/aluminium interface and evidence of microstructural changes due to welding on the aluminium side. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint reached 73% of AA2024-T3 base material strength.
Ahmed Chebak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scanning Based Induction Heating for AISI 4340 Steel Spline Shafts-3D Simulation and Experimental Validation
Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Habib Hammi, Noureddine Barka, Abderrazak El Ouafi, Ahmed ChebakAbstract:This paper presents an investigation of non-stationary induction heating process applied to AISI 4340 steel spline shafts based on 3D simulation and experimental validation. The study is based on the knowledge, concerning the form of correlations between various induction heating parameters and the final Hardness Profile, developed in the case of stationary induction heating. The proposed approach focuses on analyzing the effects of variation of frequency, power and especially scanning speed through an extensive 3D finite element method simulation, comprehensive sensitivity study and structured experimental efforts. Based on coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields analysis, the developed 3D model is used to estimate the temperature distribution and the Hardness Profile. Experimentations conducted on a commercial dual-frequency induction machine for AISI 4340 steel splines confirm the feasibility and the validity of the proposed modelling procedure. The 3D model validation reveals a great concordance between simulated and measured results, confirms that the model can effectively be used as framework for understanding the process and for assessing the effects of various parameters on the hardening process quality and performance and consequently leads to the most relevant variables to use in an eventual Hardness Profile prediction model.
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Prediction of Hardness Profile of 4340 Steel Plate Heat Treated by Laser Using 3D Model and Experimental Validation
Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing, 2014Co-Authors: G. Billaud, Noureddine Barka, Abderrazak El Ouafi, Ahmed Chebak, J. BrousseauAbstract:The paper presents a study of Hardness Profile of 4340 steel plate heat treated by scanning laser technique using 3D model. The proposed approach is carried out in three distinguished steps. First, a commercial software 3D model was developed using an adequate formulation and taking into account the nonlinear behaviour of the material. Second, the Hardness curve is approximated from the temperature distribution using metallurgical assumptions related to the kinetic transformation and the temperature-time transformation diagram. Then, the case depth is analyzed quantitatively versus the beam power density and scanning speed. Finally, the developed approach is validated using experimental tests. The gap between simulation and experience results is determined. The obtained results allow predicting of the Hardness Profile with a fairly good precision.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
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3D model applied to 4340 spline heated by scanning induction
Manufacturing Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Noureddine Barka, Abderrazak El Ouafi, Ahmed ChebakAbstract:Abstract Induction heating is capable of providing martensitic hard surfaces with compressive residual stresses when applied to mechanical components. However, the effects of machine parameters on the Hardness Profile are not known with precision. This paper proposes an analysis of Hardness Profile versus the imposed current density and scanning velocity for 4340 splines using simulation. The first step consists of developing a 3D model based on coupling magnetic and thermal fields and taking the material properties into account. The second phase permits the analysis of temperatures depending on the machine parameters. Finally, the sensitivity of Hardness Profile was investigated.
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Sensitivity Study of Temperature Profile of 4340 Spur Gear Heated by Induction Process Using 3D Model
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Noureddine Barka, Abderrazak El Ouafi, Philippe Bocher, Ahmed Chebak, Jean BrousseauAbstract:This paper presentsa sensitivity study using a Comsol3D model simulation for spur gear heated by induction process. Based on an adequate formulation and taking into account the material properties, a multi-physics 3D model is built to calculate the final temperature distribution determinate according the machine parameters and some geometrical factors (coil width and gap between coil and gear). Since the Hardness Profile is affected by thermal historic during heating, the surface temperatures are deeply analyzed versus the initial current density and the heating time using medium (MF) and high frequencies (HF). Finally, the sensitivity of Hardness Profile with the machine parameters variation isinvestigated using various statistical tools applied to the obtained results. The obtained results exhibits the main machine parameters and theirs effects on the Hardness Profile.
