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Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil and nitrogen management in maize cultivated in two row spacings
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, 2010Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi, Arf, Orivaldo [unesp], Gitti, Douglas De Castilho [unesp], Chioderoli, Carlos Alessandro [unesp], Kappes, Claudinei [unesp]Abstract:Práticas agronômicas que ajudem o agricultor a elevar a produtividade e a diminuir os custos de produção devem ser estudadas para garantir a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Assim, desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do manejo do solo, do nitrogênio e do espaçamento entrelinhas na cultura do milho em dois anos agrícolas. O experimento foi instalado sobre um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de três manejos do solo (grade aradora + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto), cinco épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio [testemunha sem N, 120 kg ha-1 na semeadura (S), 120 kg ha-1 no estádio fenológico V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 em V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 em V4 + 45 kg ha-1 em V8] e dois espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) com população fixa. Concluiu-se que o sistema plantio direto promoveu maior população final de plantas e maior produtividade de grãos; a aplicação precoce de todo o N proporcionou produtividade de grãos semelhante aos manejos com parcelamento, e o espaçamento de 0,90 promoveu maior massa seca dasplantas quando o preparo foi feito com grade aradora + niveladora.Agronomic practices that help the farmer raise the yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Thinking about it, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil management, nitrogen fertilization and the row spacing in maize crop. It was developed in Distrophic Red Latossol. The experimental design was randomized in split plot in a factorial 3 x 5 x 2 with 4 repetitions. The treatments were constituted by the combination of three soil managements (plow harrow + floating Harrows, chisel + floating Harrows and no tillage), five times of nitrogen supply [control without N, 120 kg ha-1 at sowing (S), 120 kg ha-1 at V6 stage, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 at V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 at V4 + 45 kg ha-1 at V8] and two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) with the same plants stand. It was concluded that the no tillage system promotes better plant population, and higher grain yield; the nitrogen supply only at sowing promoted grain yield similar to the treatments that the N was divided; the 0.90 m row spacing promoted greater plant stand when the soil management was done with plow harrow + floating harrow
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Manejo do solo e do nitrogênio em milho cultivado em espaçamentos reduzido e tradicional
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, 2010Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi, Arf Orivaldo, Gitti, Douglas De Castilho, Arf, Marcelo Valentini, Chioderoli, Carlos Alessandro, Kappes ClaudineiAbstract:Práticas agronômicas que ajudem o agricultor a elevar a produtividade e a diminuir os custos de produção devem ser estudadas para garantir a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Assim, desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do manejo do solo, do nitrogênio e do espaçamento entrelinhas na cultura do milho em dois anos agrícolas. O experimento foi instalado sobre um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de três manejos do solo (grade aradora + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto), cinco épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio [testemunha sem N, 120 kg ha-1 na semeadura (S), 120 kg ha-1 no estádio fenológico V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 em V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 em V4 + 45 kg ha-1 em V8] e dois espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) com população fixa. Concluiu-se que o sistema plantio direto promoveu maior população final de plantas e maior produtividade de grãos; a aplicação precoce de todo o N proporcionou produtividade de grãos semelhante aos manejos com parcelamento, e o espaçamento de 0,90 promoveu maior massa seca dasplantas quando o preparo foi feito com grade aradora + niveladora.Agronomic practices that help the farmer raise the yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Thinking about it, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil management, nitrogen fertilization and the row spacing in maize crop. It was developed in Distrophic Red Latossol. The experimental design was randomized in split plot in a factorial 3 x 5 x 2 with 4 repetitions. The treatments were constituted by the combination of three soil managements (plow harrow + floating Harrows, chisel + floating Harrows and no tillage), five times of nitrogen supply [control without N, 120 kg ha-1 at sowing (S), 120 kg ha-1 at V6 stage, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 at V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 at V4 + 45 kg ha-1 at V8] and two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) with the same plants stand. It was concluded that the no tillage system promotes better plant population, and higher grain yield; the nitrogen supply only at sowing promoted grain yield similar to the treatments that the N was divided; the 0.90 m row spacing promoted greater plant stand when the soil management was done with plow harrow + floating harrow.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
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Maize costs and profitability according to soil management and nitrogen fertilization
2010Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi, Arf, Orivaldo [unesp], De Castilho Gitti, Douglas [unesp], Tarsitano, Maria Aparecida Anselmo [unesp], Rapassi, Rosalina Maria Alves [unesp], Vilela, Rafael Gonçalves [unesp]Abstract:Agronomic practices that help farmers to raise yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure agricultural sustainability. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze economically the effect of soil management and nitrogen fertilization in maize crops. Treatments consisted of a combination of 3 soil management techniques (plow Harrows + floating Harrows, chisel + floating Harrows, and no-tillage), 5 periods of nitrogen fertilization (control - 0 kg ha -1 N; 120 kg ha -1 after sowing (S); 120 kg ha -1 in the V 6 stage; 30 kg ha -1 (S) + 90 kg ha -1 in V 6; 30 kg ha -1 (S) + 45 kg ha -1 in V 4 + 45 kg ha -1 in V 8 The total operating cost (TOC), gross revenue (GR), operating profit (OP), profitability index (PI), break-even yield, and break-even price were estimated. It was concluded that the no-tillage system, after 11 years of management, associated with nitrogen fertilization promotes positive PI and OP, being useful to farmers
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Custos e rentabilidade do milho em função do manejo do solo e da adubação nitrogenada
2010Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi, Arf Orivaldo, De Castilho Gitti Douglas, Tarsitano, Maria Aparecida Anselmo, Rapassi, Rosalina Maria Alves, Vilela, Rafael GonçalvesAbstract:Agronomic practices that help farmers to raise yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure agricultural sustainability. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze economically the effect of soil management and nitrogen fertilization in maize crops. Treatments consisted of a combination of 3 soil management techniques (plow Harrows + floating Harrows, chisel + floating Harrows, and no-tillage), 5 periods of nitrogen fertilization (control - 0 kg ha -1 N; 120 kg ha -1 after sowing (S); 120 kg ha -1 in the V 6 stage; 30 kg ha -1 (S) + 90 kg ha -1 in V 6; 30 kg ha -1 (S) + 45 kg ha -1 in V 4 + 45 kg ha -1 in V 8 The total operating cost (TOC), gross revenue (GR), operating profit (OP), profitability index (PI), break-even yield, and break-even price were estimated. It was concluded that the no-tillage system, after 11 years of management, associated with nitrogen fertilization promotes positive PI and OP, being useful to farmers
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Manejo do solo e do nitrogênio em milho cultivado em dois espaçamentos entrelinhas
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio HiroshiAbstract:O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito do manejo do solo, do nitrogênio e do espaçamento entrelinhas na cultura do milho. O mesmo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda experimental da UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdividas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de 3 manejos do solo (grade pesada + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto), 5 épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio : testemunha (sem N); 120 kg ha-1 na semeadura (S); 120 kg ha-1 em V6 ; 30 kg ha-1 (S) e 90 kg ha-1 em V6; 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 em V4 + 45 kg ha-1 em V8) e 2 espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) com população fixa. Concluiu-se que o sistema plantio direto promoveu maior produtividade de grãos e maior lucratividade; a aplicação precoce de todo o N promoveu produtividade de grãos semelhante aos manejos com parcelamento; o espaçamento entrelinhas não influenciou a produtividade de grãosAgronomic practices that help the farmer to raise the yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Thinking about it, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil management, nitrogen fertilization and of the row spacing in maize crop. It was developed in Distrophic Red Latossol. The experimental design was randomized in split plot. The treatments were constituted by the combination of 3 soil management (plow harrow + floating Harrows”, chisel + floating Harrows” and no tillage), 5 times of nitrogen management (control without N, 120 kg ha-1 at sowing (S), 120 kg ha-1 in the V6 stage, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 in V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 in the V4 + 45 kg ha-1 in V8 and 2 row spacing (0,45 and 0,90 m) with the same plants population. It was concluded that the no tillage system promotes higher grain yield and greater profitability; the nitrogen management (all at sowing) promoted grain yield similar the treatments that the N was divided; and the row spacing didn’t influenced the grain yieldFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
Americo J Hossne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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las rastras a discos caracteristicas ingenieriles agronomicas y sus implicaciones fisicas en el nororiente de venezuela disk Harrows engineering and agronomic characteristics and its physical implications in the northeast of venezuela
2004Co-Authors: Americo J HossneAbstract:Disk Harrows are broadly used in the whole Northeastern Venezuelan area, as much for the primary tillage as for the secondary. The disk Harrows is the most popular agricultural mechanical configuration in the field of this Country; it is employed for the primary tillage, preparation of seed beds, incorporation of lime, blended of fertilizer and soil, seeding, fire trails, crusher, cutter and incorporation of vegetable remains, mechanical weed control, cultivation works, etc.. The conventional process of soil preparation in the Northeastern Area is product of the climatic conditions where it is not possible to have the operational opportune time and the good humidity of preparation to carry out the tillage efficiently. The primary tillage is not carried out in the savanna areas due to the timeliness factor, friability and that the agronomic contribution is not justified in these kaolinitic soils. The general objective consists on the evaluation of the disk Harrows with the purpose of appreciating some engineering and agronomic parameters that govern its process in decisions taking. The specific objectives are conformed in: (a) The engineering uses: draft and power (P) requirement, soil humidity, apparent density, speed, effective capacity, efficiency, theoretical work width (ACT), energy consumption, weight per disk (W/disk) and work depth, and (b) The agronomic ones: fertilization, weed control, yield, mineralization of the organic matter, pH, plague and illnesses control, erosion, and root growing. Among the engineering results the soil humidity for tillage should be around between the field capacity and the plastic limit, the efficiency in 75%, the effective capacity in 1,79 ha/h, a tillage
Kappes, Claudinei [unesp] - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil and nitrogen management in maize cultivated in two row spacings
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, 2010Co-Authors: Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi, Arf, Orivaldo [unesp], Gitti, Douglas De Castilho [unesp], Chioderoli, Carlos Alessandro [unesp], Kappes, Claudinei [unesp]Abstract:Práticas agronômicas que ajudem o agricultor a elevar a produtividade e a diminuir os custos de produção devem ser estudadas para garantir a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Assim, desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do manejo do solo, do nitrogênio e do espaçamento entrelinhas na cultura do milho em dois anos agrícolas. O experimento foi instalado sobre um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de três manejos do solo (grade aradora + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto), cinco épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio [testemunha sem N, 120 kg ha-1 na semeadura (S), 120 kg ha-1 no estádio fenológico V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 em V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 em V4 + 45 kg ha-1 em V8] e dois espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) com população fixa. Concluiu-se que o sistema plantio direto promoveu maior população final de plantas e maior produtividade de grãos; a aplicação precoce de todo o N proporcionou produtividade de grãos semelhante aos manejos com parcelamento, e o espaçamento de 0,90 promoveu maior massa seca dasplantas quando o preparo foi feito com grade aradora + niveladora.Agronomic practices that help the farmer raise the yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Thinking about it, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil management, nitrogen fertilization and the row spacing in maize crop. It was developed in Distrophic Red Latossol. The experimental design was randomized in split plot in a factorial 3 x 5 x 2 with 4 repetitions. The treatments were constituted by the combination of three soil managements (plow harrow + floating Harrows, chisel + floating Harrows and no tillage), five times of nitrogen supply [control without N, 120 kg ha-1 at sowing (S), 120 kg ha-1 at V6 stage, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 at V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 at V4 + 45 kg ha-1 at V8] and two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) with the same plants stand. It was concluded that the no tillage system promotes better plant population, and higher grain yield; the nitrogen supply only at sowing promoted grain yield similar to the treatments that the N was divided; the 0.90 m row spacing promoted greater plant stand when the soil management was done with plow harrow + floating harrow
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Manejo do solo e do nitrogênio em milho cultivado em dois espaçamentos entrelinhas
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009Co-Authors: Kappes, Claudinei [unesp]Abstract:O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito do manejo do solo, do nitrogênio e do espaçamento entrelinhas na cultura do milho. O mesmo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda experimental da UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdividas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de 3 manejos do solo (grade pesada + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto), 5 épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio : testemunha (sem N); 120 kg ha-1 na semeadura (S); 120 kg ha-1 em V6 ; 30 kg ha-1 (S) e 90 kg ha-1 em V6; 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 em V4 + 45 kg ha-1 em V8) e 2 espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) com população fixa. Concluiu-se que o sistema plantio direto promoveu maior produtividade de grãos e maior lucratividade; a aplicação precoce de todo o N promoveu produtividade de grãos semelhante aos manejos com parcelamento; o espaçamento entrelinhas não influenciou a produtividade de grãosAgronomic practices that help the farmer to raise the yield and reduce costs must be studied to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Thinking about it, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil management, nitrogen fertilization and of the row spacing in maize crop. It was developed in Distrophic Red Latossol. The experimental design was randomized in split plot. The treatments were constituted by the combination of 3 soil management (plow harrow + floating Harrows”, chisel + floating Harrows” and no tillage), 5 times of nitrogen management (control without N, 120 kg ha-1 at sowing (S), 120 kg ha-1 in the V6 stage, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 90 kg ha-1 in V6, 30 kg ha-1 (S) + 45 kg ha-1 in the V4 + 45 kg ha-1 in V8 and 2 row spacing (0,45 and 0,90 m) with the same plants population. It was concluded that the no tillage system promotes higher grain yield and greater profitability; the nitrogen management (all at sowing) promoted grain yield similar the treatments that the N was divided; and the row spacing didn’t influenced the grain yiel
M D Asmus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of immunological castration and distiller s dried grains with solubles on carcass cutability and commercial bacon slicing yields of barrows slaughtered at two time points
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: M A Tavarez, M D Asmus, A L Schroeder, B M Bohrer, R J Matulis, Dustin Dee Boler, Anna Carol DilgerAbstract:Male pigs were randomly assigned to a castration method at birth and allotted to 48 pens (28 pigs/ pen). Physically castrated (PC) barrows were castrated at 2 d of age; immunologically castrated (IC) barrows were administered Improvest (GnRF analog diphtheria toxoid conjugate; Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) at 16 and 20 wk of age. Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) feed- ing strategies included either 0% DDGS (control), 30% DDGS (30% DDGS) fed from 6 wk of age to slaughter, or 30% DDGS fed from 6 wk of age to second dose of Improvest and then fed 0% DDGS until slaughter (with- drawal). Four barrows closest to the median pen weight at 4.5 wk after second dose were selected for evaluation; two were randomly selected and slaughtered at 5 wk and the other two at 7 wk after second dose. Data from each slaughter time were analyzed independently as a 2 × 3 factorial design with pen as the experimental unit. At 5 wk after second dose, bone-in lean cutting yields were 2.63% units greater (P < 0.01) in IC when compared to PC. Bellies were thicker (P < 0.01) and tended to have greater belly flop distances (P = 0.07) in PC compared to IC, however iodine values (IV) were not altered (P = 0.84). Carcass traits (P ≥ 0.10), cutting yields (P ≥ 0.43), and fresh belly characteristics (P ≥ 0.08) were minimally affected by DDGS feeding strategy. Bacon slicing yields (percentage of green weight) were 6.10% units less (P < 0.01) in IC compared with PC. At 7 wk after second dose, bone-in lean cutting yields were 1.57% units great- er (P = 0.03) in IC compared with PC. Distiller's grains feeding strategy had no effect (P ≥ 0.83) on boneless car- cass cutting yields in IC; while in PC, these yields were 2.32% units less (P < 0.02) in control-fed barrows when compared to other feeding strategies (castration method × feeding strategy; P = 0.03). Bellies from PC tended to be thicker (P = 0.07) and have similar flop distances (P = 0.44) and IV (P = 0.54) when compared with IC. Iodine value was greater (P = 0.03) in 30% DDGS-fed barrows compared with control-fed barrows. Bacon slicing yields (percentage of green weight) were 4.27% units less (P = 0.05) in IC compared with PC. These data suggested that while bacon slicing yield was reduced in IC barrows fed control and 30% DDGS compared with PC barrow coun- terparts, withdrawal of DDGS improved bacon slicing yields of IC barrows.
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the effects of immunological castration and corn dried distillers grains with solubles withdrawal on growth performance carcass characteristics fatty acid analysis and iodine value of pork fat depots
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: M D Asmus, M A Tavarez, Michael D Tokach, Steve S Dritz, A L Schroeder, Jim L Nelssen, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeroucheyAbstract:A total of 1,360 pigs were used in a 125-d study to determine the effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) withdrawal after immunological castration (Improvest, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) on growth performance and carcass fat quality of pigs. Pens of male pigs (initially 24 kg) were randomly allotted by BW and castration method (physically castrated (PC) or immu- nologically castrated (IC) barrows) to 1 of 3 diets with 8 replications per treatment and 27 to 29 pigs per pen. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of castration method and diet (0% DDGS through- out, 30% DDGS throughout, or 30% DDGS through d 75 then no DDGS to d 125). Intact males were injected with Improvest on d 39 and 74 (IC). No castration method × diet interactions (P > 0.12) were observed for growth per- formance. Before the second Improvest injection (d 0 to 74), PC barrows had increased (P < 0.05) ADFI but were less efficient (P < 0.05) than intact males. After the second Improvest injection until the first marketing event (d 74 to 107), IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with PC barrows. From d 0 to 107, IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and lower ADFI than PC barrows. The inclusion of 30% DDGS decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. For the period after the second Improvest injection (d 74 to 125), IC barrows had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with PC barrows. Overall (d 0 to 125), IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F and lower ADFI than PC barrows. The inclusion of 30% DDGS decreased (P < 0.05) G:F. Carcass yield was lower (P < 0.05) for IC than PC barrows. Pigs fed 30% DDGS throughout had decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield; however, withdrawing DDGS from the diet on d 74 was effective at fully recovering the yield loss. Carcass fat iodine values (IV) were consistently higher (P < 0.05), regardless of fat depot or harvest time when 30% DDGS were included in the diet. Multiple 2-way interactions (P < 0.05) were detected between castration method, DDGS, depot, and time. Interactions were a result of fatty acid profiles changing more rapidly in backfat and belly fat than in jowl fat from d 107 to 125 and more dramatically in IC than PC barrows in the same period. This improve- ment from d 107 to 125 could be caused by the dilution of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically C18:2 and C18:3, due to rapid deposition of fat from de novo synthesis in IC barrows.
M A Tavarez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of immunological castration and distiller s dried grains with solubles on carcass cutability and commercial bacon slicing yields of barrows slaughtered at two time points
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: M A Tavarez, M D Asmus, A L Schroeder, B M Bohrer, R J Matulis, Dustin Dee Boler, Anna Carol DilgerAbstract:Male pigs were randomly assigned to a castration method at birth and allotted to 48 pens (28 pigs/ pen). Physically castrated (PC) barrows were castrated at 2 d of age; immunologically castrated (IC) barrows were administered Improvest (GnRF analog diphtheria toxoid conjugate; Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) at 16 and 20 wk of age. Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) feed- ing strategies included either 0% DDGS (control), 30% DDGS (30% DDGS) fed from 6 wk of age to slaughter, or 30% DDGS fed from 6 wk of age to second dose of Improvest and then fed 0% DDGS until slaughter (with- drawal). Four barrows closest to the median pen weight at 4.5 wk after second dose were selected for evaluation; two were randomly selected and slaughtered at 5 wk and the other two at 7 wk after second dose. Data from each slaughter time were analyzed independently as a 2 × 3 factorial design with pen as the experimental unit. At 5 wk after second dose, bone-in lean cutting yields were 2.63% units greater (P < 0.01) in IC when compared to PC. Bellies were thicker (P < 0.01) and tended to have greater belly flop distances (P = 0.07) in PC compared to IC, however iodine values (IV) were not altered (P = 0.84). Carcass traits (P ≥ 0.10), cutting yields (P ≥ 0.43), and fresh belly characteristics (P ≥ 0.08) were minimally affected by DDGS feeding strategy. Bacon slicing yields (percentage of green weight) were 6.10% units less (P < 0.01) in IC compared with PC. At 7 wk after second dose, bone-in lean cutting yields were 1.57% units great- er (P = 0.03) in IC compared with PC. Distiller's grains feeding strategy had no effect (P ≥ 0.83) on boneless car- cass cutting yields in IC; while in PC, these yields were 2.32% units less (P < 0.02) in control-fed barrows when compared to other feeding strategies (castration method × feeding strategy; P = 0.03). Bellies from PC tended to be thicker (P = 0.07) and have similar flop distances (P = 0.44) and IV (P = 0.54) when compared with IC. Iodine value was greater (P = 0.03) in 30% DDGS-fed barrows compared with control-fed barrows. Bacon slicing yields (percentage of green weight) were 4.27% units less (P = 0.05) in IC compared with PC. These data suggested that while bacon slicing yield was reduced in IC barrows fed control and 30% DDGS compared with PC barrow coun- terparts, withdrawal of DDGS improved bacon slicing yields of IC barrows.
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the effects of immunological castration and corn dried distillers grains with solubles withdrawal on growth performance carcass characteristics fatty acid analysis and iodine value of pork fat depots
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: M D Asmus, M A Tavarez, Michael D Tokach, Steve S Dritz, A L Schroeder, Jim L Nelssen, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeroucheyAbstract:A total of 1,360 pigs were used in a 125-d study to determine the effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) withdrawal after immunological castration (Improvest, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) on growth performance and carcass fat quality of pigs. Pens of male pigs (initially 24 kg) were randomly allotted by BW and castration method (physically castrated (PC) or immu- nologically castrated (IC) barrows) to 1 of 3 diets with 8 replications per treatment and 27 to 29 pigs per pen. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of castration method and diet (0% DDGS through- out, 30% DDGS throughout, or 30% DDGS through d 75 then no DDGS to d 125). Intact males were injected with Improvest on d 39 and 74 (IC). No castration method × diet interactions (P > 0.12) were observed for growth per- formance. Before the second Improvest injection (d 0 to 74), PC barrows had increased (P < 0.05) ADFI but were less efficient (P < 0.05) than intact males. After the second Improvest injection until the first marketing event (d 74 to 107), IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with PC barrows. From d 0 to 107, IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and lower ADFI than PC barrows. The inclusion of 30% DDGS decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. For the period after the second Improvest injection (d 74 to 125), IC barrows had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with PC barrows. Overall (d 0 to 125), IC barrows had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F and lower ADFI than PC barrows. The inclusion of 30% DDGS decreased (P < 0.05) G:F. Carcass yield was lower (P < 0.05) for IC than PC barrows. Pigs fed 30% DDGS throughout had decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield; however, withdrawing DDGS from the diet on d 74 was effective at fully recovering the yield loss. Carcass fat iodine values (IV) were consistently higher (P < 0.05), regardless of fat depot or harvest time when 30% DDGS were included in the diet. Multiple 2-way interactions (P < 0.05) were detected between castration method, DDGS, depot, and time. Interactions were a result of fatty acid profiles changing more rapidly in backfat and belly fat than in jowl fat from d 107 to 125 and more dramatically in IC than PC barrows in the same period. This improve- ment from d 107 to 125 could be caused by the dilution of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically C18:2 and C18:3, due to rapid deposition of fat from de novo synthesis in IC barrows.
