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C. E. Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rebaling of silage and Haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition—A pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big bale silage and Haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after bale opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big bales to smaller bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and Haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big bale forage stored and opened together with rebaled forage was included. Results showed that rebaled Haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to rebaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in rebaled compared to initial silage, but not in Haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and rebaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in rebaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in rebaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
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rebaling of silage and Haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition a pilot study
Grass and Forage Science, 2020Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, Astrid JohansenAbstract:Use of big bale silage and Haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after bale opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big bales to smaller bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and Haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big bale forage stored and opened together with rebaled forage was included. Results showed that rebaled Haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to rebaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in rebaled compared to initial silage, but not in Haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and rebaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in rebaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6-8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in rebaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
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Evaluation of glucose and insulin response to Haylage diets with different content of nonstructural carbohydrates in 2 breeds of horses.
Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2018Co-Authors: S. Lindåse, C. E. Müller, Katarina Nostell, J. BröjerAbstract:Abstract Information about the effect of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in forage on the postprandial glucose and insulin response in horses is scarce. This is of interest as postprandial hyperinsulinemia in horses is a risk factor for laminitis. In addition, insulin sensitivity (IS) differs between breeds. The aim was to evaluate the postprandial glucose and insulin response to Haylage diets with different NSC content in horses of 2 different breeds and to evaluate the relationship between the postprandial insulin response and measures of IS derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT). Standardbreds (n = 9) and Icelandic horses (n = 9) with a mean body condition score of 5.5 ± 0.6 (scale 1–9) were studied. Horses were clinically healthy at the start of the study and had no history of endocrinopathic laminitis. The experiment was conducted as a replicate 3 × 3 Latin square, in which horses were fed Haylage diets with low (4.2%), medium (13.6%), and high (18.2%) NSC content of dry matter. Blood sampling was performed before feeding and every 30 min until 300 min after feeding. An FSIGTT was also performed in all horses. The early (first 60 min) and the total (300 min) postprandial glucose and insulin response (area under the curve [AUC]) was higher after a meal of both medium and high NSC Haylage in comparison with low NSC Haylage when both breeds were combined ( P ≤ 0.02). There was a main effect of breed for the early ( P ≤ 0.004) but not for the total ( P > 0.12) postprandial glucose and insulin response. The IS index was comparable between breeds ( P = 0.75). The natural logarithm of the peak concentration, the AUC for the first 60 min and the total AUC for insulin, after a meal of medium and high NSC Haylage, were moderately negatively correlated ( P P > 0.054). This study demonstrates that the postprandial insulin response is affected by both the NSC content of Haylage and the horse's IS. However, the impact of IS was diminished when the NSC content in Haylage was low (4.2% of dry matter).
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Microbial Composition before and after Conservation of Grass-Dominated Haylage Harvested Early, Middle, and Late in the Season
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jessica Schenck, C. E. MüllerAbstract:Haylage for horses is often harvested in late plant maturity, which could be associated with an increased risk of impaired hygienic quality in the forage and short aerobic storage stability after bale opening, but knowledge in this area is scant. An experiment was conducted in which the microbial composition was analyzed before and after conservation of primary growth Haylage harvested early (June), middle (July), and late (August) in the season during 1 year. The counts of yeast, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in preconserved herbage increased with the advancing harvest time (P ≤ .02). After conservation, the August Haylage had increased counts of enterobacteria (log 4.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and LAB (log 6.5 CFU/g), compared with the June and July Haylage (log ≤1.7 CFU/g for enterobacteria and ≤5.7 CFU/g for LAB, P < .001). The yeast counts were the lowest in the June Haylage (log 5.0 CFU/g) compared with the July and August Haylage (log ≥6.3 CFU/g, P < .001). After conservation, the mold counts were lower in the June Haylage and greater in the August Haylage (P = .01). In the preconserved herbage, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most common mold species in June but Fusarium poae was in July, and Mucor fragilis in August. After conservation, Penicillium carneum was the only species found in the June Haylage, with M. circinelloides most frequently found in the July Haylage and M. hiemalis and M. circinelloides found at similar frequencies in the August Haylage. An advanced harvest time resulted in greater counts of enterobacteria, yeast, and LAB and an increased number of mold species in the conserved Haylage. The aerobic storage stability of the opened Haylage bales measured by temperature was similar among the harvests.
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Effect of anaerobic digestion residue vs. livestock manure and inorganic fertilizer on the hygienic quality of silage and Haylage in bales
Grass and Forage Science, 2013Co-Authors: C. E. Müller, M. Johansson, A.-c. Salomonsson, A. AlbihnAbstract:An increased recycling of nutrients from organic waste to support feed and food production is important for achieving sustainability. However, organic waste may contain undesired microorganisms that may increase the risk of impaired hygienic quality of feeds when used in forage-cropping systems. This study aimed to investigate how the hygienic quality of silage and Haylage was affected after fertilization of grassland with organic fertilizers [anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) pasteurized before spreading, or liquid cattle manure] compared with inorganic NPK fertilization. The experiment was performed on the same grass ley for 2 years, with fertilization carried out before each harvest (year 1, two harvests; year 2, one harvest). The crop was conserved as silage (300 g DM kg−1) and Haylage (500 g DM kg−1) in bales (ca 40–55 kg) stored for 1, 5 or 10 months before opening, including effects of storage time and conservation method (silage or Haylage) on hygienic quality. Results showed that ADR-treated crops did not produce silage or Haylage with higher microbial counts in comparison with manure-treated crops on any occasion. The fermentation pattern in silage and Haylage from ADR-treated crops was similar to the pattern in manure-treated crops. The use of inorganic fertilizer sometimes produced lower pH and higher content of lactic acid in silage, compared with using organic fertilizers. In conclusion, ADR could be used as an organic fertilizer for forage crops without increased risk of impaired hygienic quality compared with using liquid manure or inorganic NPK fertilizers.
Terry J Klopfenstei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed
Journal of Dairy Science, 2007Co-Authors: P J Kononoff, S K Iva, Terry J KlopfensteiAbstract:The objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (dRUP) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. Two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. The mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (RUP), dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter of alfalfa hay, brome hay, alfalfa Haylage, corn silage, whole cottonseed, soybean meal, soyhulls, ground corn, nonenzymatically browned soybean meal, and dried distillers grains. There was no consistent effect of diet on RUP, dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter. The RUP (% of crude protein) ranged from 5.97% for alfalfa Haylage to 75.6% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP ranged from 15.3% for alfalfa Haylage to 96.5% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP for alfalfa hay (33.9%), brome hay (39.1%), alfalfa Haylage (15.5%), and corn silage (19.9%) were lower than National Research Council reported values. The higher dRUP of the nonenzymatically browned soybean meal is reflective of more total protein reaching the small intestine. The large range in dRUP was not reflected in total tract digestible protein (% of crude protein), with corn silage being the lowest at 85.2% and nonenzymatically browned soybean meal the highest at 97.9%. In this study, diet had little effect on intestinal digestibility of protein or dry matter.
P J Kononoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed
Journal of Dairy Science, 2007Co-Authors: P J Kononoff, S K Iva, Terry J KlopfensteiAbstract:The objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (dRUP) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. Two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. The mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (RUP), dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter of alfalfa hay, brome hay, alfalfa Haylage, corn silage, whole cottonseed, soybean meal, soyhulls, ground corn, nonenzymatically browned soybean meal, and dried distillers grains. There was no consistent effect of diet on RUP, dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter. The RUP (% of crude protein) ranged from 5.97% for alfalfa Haylage to 75.6% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP ranged from 15.3% for alfalfa Haylage to 96.5% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP for alfalfa hay (33.9%), brome hay (39.1%), alfalfa Haylage (15.5%), and corn silage (19.9%) were lower than National Research Council reported values. The higher dRUP of the nonenzymatically browned soybean meal is reflective of more total protein reaching the small intestine. The large range in dRUP was not reflected in total tract digestible protein (% of crude protein), with corn silage being the lowest at 85.2% and nonenzymatically browned soybean meal the highest at 97.9%. In this study, diet had little effect on intestinal digestibility of protein or dry matter.
Sharad C Phatak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intake digestibility and nitrogen retention by sheep supplemented with warm season legume Haylages or soybean meal
Journal of Animal Science, 2009Co-Authors: J L Foster, A T Adesogan, J N Carter, A R Blount, R O Myer, Sharad C PhatakAbstract:The high cost of commercial supple- ments necessitates evaluation of alternatives for rumi- nant livestock fed poor quality warm-season grasses. This study determined how supplementing bahiagrass Haylage (Paspalum notatum Flugge cv. Tifton 9) with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) meal or warm-season legume Haylages affected the performance of lambs. Forty-two Dorper × Katadhin lambs (27.5 ± 5 kg) were fed for ad libitum intake of bahiagrass Haylage (67.8% NDF, 9.6% CP) alone (control) or supplemented with soybean meal (18.8% NDF, 51.4% CP) or Haylages of annual peanut (Arachis hypogaea (L.) cv. Florida MDR98; 39.6% NDF, 18.7% CP), cowpea (Vigna un- guiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Iron clay; 44.1% NDF, 16.0% CP), perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth. cv. Flo- rigraze; 40.0% NDF, 15.8% CP), or pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. GA-2; 65.0% NDF, 13.7% CP). Haylages were harvested at the optimal maturity for maximizing yield and nutritive value, wilted to 45% DM, baled, wrapped in polyethylene plastic, and en- siled for 180 d. Legumes were fed at 50% of the dietary DM, and soybean meal was fed at 8% of the dietary DM to match the average CP concentration (12.8%) of legume Haylage-supplemented diets. Lambs were fed each diet for a 14-d adaptation period and a 7-d data collection period. Each diet was fed to 7 lambs in period 1 and 4 lambs in period 2. Pigeonpea hay- lage supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) DM and OM intake and digestibility vs. controls. Other legume Haylages increased (P < 0.05) DM and OM intake vs. controls; however, only soybean meal supplementation increased (P = 0.01) DM digestibility. All supplements decreased (P = 0.05) NDF digestibility. Except for pi- geonpea Haylage, all supplements increased (P < 0.01) N intake, digestibility, and retention, and the responses were greatest (P = 0.04) with soybean meal supple- mentation. Microbial N synthesis was reduced (P = 0.02) by pigeonpea Haylage supplementation, but unaf- fected (P = 0.05) by other supplements. Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was unaffected (P = 0.05) by diet. Ruminal ammonia concentration was increased (P = 0.01) by all supplements, but only soybean meal and annual peanut Haylage increased (P < 0.03) plasma urea-N concentrations. Perennial peanut, annual pea- nut, and cowpea Haylages are promising protein supple- ments for growing lambs.
S K Iva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed
Journal of Dairy Science, 2007Co-Authors: P J Kononoff, S K Iva, Terry J KlopfensteiAbstract:The objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (dRUP) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. Two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. The mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (RUP), dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter of alfalfa hay, brome hay, alfalfa Haylage, corn silage, whole cottonseed, soybean meal, soyhulls, ground corn, nonenzymatically browned soybean meal, and dried distillers grains. There was no consistent effect of diet on RUP, dRUP, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestible dry matter. The RUP (% of crude protein) ranged from 5.97% for alfalfa Haylage to 75.6% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP ranged from 15.3% for alfalfa Haylage to 96.5% for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal. The dRUP for alfalfa hay (33.9%), brome hay (39.1%), alfalfa Haylage (15.5%), and corn silage (19.9%) were lower than National Research Council reported values. The higher dRUP of the nonenzymatically browned soybean meal is reflective of more total protein reaching the small intestine. The large range in dRUP was not reflected in total tract digestible protein (% of crude protein), with corn silage being the lowest at 85.2% and nonenzymatically browned soybean meal the highest at 97.9%. In this study, diet had little effect on intestinal digestibility of protein or dry matter.
