The Experts below are selected from a list of 24897 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian M. Kleiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental field testing of a real-time construction Hazard Identification and transmission technique
Construction Management and Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Alex Albert, Matthew R Hallowell, Brian M. KleinerAbstract:Hazard Identification and communication are integral to most construction methods, and every construction safety management activity. Unfortunately, in practice, significant Hazards are often not recognized and commu- nicated leading to sub-optimal Hazard awareness at the crew level. To bridge this gap in performance, we con- ducted a two-year intensive research project focused on developing a strategy that increases the proportion of Hazards identified, communicated, and managed. Specifically, we designed a Hazard Identification and transmis- sion (HIT) board that is used in conjunction with energy-based retrieval mnemonics and facilitates identifying and communicating Hazards during both the planning and the execution phases. The strength of this strategy lies in the fact that workers are able to detect and communicate Hazards in real time using energy-source mnemonic cues, which significantly reduces cognitive demand. Following development, we conducted immersive field stud- ies to evaluate the impact of the devised strategy on two projects in the United States. Data from six crews were gathered using the rigorous multiple baseline testing experimental approach and analysis was conducted using interrupted time-series regression models. The results indicate that the crews were able to recognize and com- municate only an average of 54% of Hazards in the baseline phase, but were able to recognize and communicate 77% during the planning phase after using the intervention. An additional 6% of Hazards were identified and communicated in the execution phase. This represents the first known formal effort to evaluate a real-time Hazard Identification and communication strategy for the construction industry.
Jan Van Benthem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An integrative test strategy for cancer Hazard Identification
Critical reviews in toxicology, 2016Co-Authors: Mirjam Luijten, Evelyn D. Olthof, Betty C. Hakkert, Emiel Rorije, Jan-willem Van Der Laan, Ruud Woutersen, Jan Van BenthemAbstract:Assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic potential is considered one of the basic requirements when evaluating possible human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Test strategies currently in place focus primarily on identifying genotoxic potential due to the strong association between the accumulation of genetic damage and cancer. Using genotoxicity assays to predict carcinogenic potential has the significant drawback that risks from non-genotoxic carcinogens remain largely undetected unless carcinogenicity studies are performed. Furthermore, test systems already developed to reduce animal use are not easily accepted and implemented by either industries or regulators. This manuscript reviews the test methods for cancer Hazard Identification that have been adopted by the regulatory authorities, and discusses the most promising alternative methods that have been developed to date. Based on these findings, a generally applicable tiered test strategy is proposed that can be considered capable of detecting both genotoxic as well as non-genotoxic carcinogens and will improve understanding of the underlying mode of action. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of this new integrative test strategy for cancer Hazard Identification are presented.
Valerio Cozzani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hazard Identification in Process Technology
Reference Module in Chemistry Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Valeria Casson Moreno, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Hazard Identification is the first step of quantitative risk analysis and risk assessment. In the present module, starting from its definition, Hazard Identification has been presented and a complete synopsis of Hazard Identification techniques has been proposed. Comparative methods, fundamentals methods, and failure logic methods have been synthetically described, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
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Advanced Technique for Dynamic Hazard Identification
Dynamic Risk Analysis in the Chemical and Petroleum Industry, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola Paltrinieri, Alessandro Tugnoli, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Abstract Hazard Identification is an important part of risk management, because no action can be made to avoid, or mitigate in a timely way, the risk derived from unidentified Hazards. The Hazard Identification process also has a large potential for human error, with little or no feedback pertaining to those errors. Theoretical and practical limitations affecting results of the Hazard Identification process suggest a need for an improvement of current techniques. For this reason, a specific method, named dynamic procedure for atypical scenarios Identification, was conceived to provide comprehensive Hazard Identification of industrial systems, joined to a process of continuous improvement of the results of the assessment. It is a method for the continuous systematization of information from early risk signals and provides support for the assessment of potential accident scenarios in compliance with the five main Hazard Identification principles.
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Hazard Identification for innovative LNG regasification technologies
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2015Co-Authors: Nicola Paltrinieri, Alessandro Tugnoli, Valerio CozzaniAbstract:Emerging risks may arise from process intensification and new scenarios due to the innovative technologies and higher potentialities of new LNG regasification facilities. In the conventional Hazard Identification process it is difficult to include new scenarios related to innovative technologies or facilities, for which limited or no operational experience is available. In the present study, a new technique for Hazard Identification (HAZID), named Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI), was applied to identify atypical accident scenarios in LNG terminals. The technique aims to make easier and more systematic the process of learning from early warnings and identify atypical accident scenarios otherwise disregarded by common HAZID techniques. The comparison with a survey of the accident scenarios typically considered in available Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies evidences that DyPASI is a valuable tool to obtain a complete and updated overview of potential Hazards in particular for new or innovative technologies, where limited operational experience is available.
Paul W. H. Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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State-based modelling in Hazard Identification
Applied Intelligence, 2006Co-Authors: Stephen A. Mccoy, Dingfeng Zhou, Paul W. H. ChungAbstract:The signed directed graph (SDG) is the most commonly used type of model for automated Hazard Identification in chemical plants. Although SDG models are efficient in simulating the plant, they have some weaknesses, which are discussed here in relation to typical process industry examples. Ways to tackle these problems are suggested, and the view is taken that a state-based formalism is needed, to take account of the discrete components in the system, their connection together, and their behaviour over time. A strong representation for operations and actions is also needed, to make the models appropriate for modelling batch processes. A research prototype for HAZOP studies on batch plants (CHECKOP) is also presented, as an illustration of the suggested approach to modelling.
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Hazid, a Computer Aid for Hazard Identification: 5. Future Development Topics and Conclusions
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2000Co-Authors: S.a. Mccoy, Paul W. H. Chung, S.j. Wakeman, F.d. Larkin, A.g. Rushton, F.p. LeesAbstract:The Hazard and operability, or HAZOP, study is a prime method for the Identification of Hazards on process plants. This is the last in a series of five papers which describe progress in the emulation of Hazard Identification in the style of HAZOP. The work reported is embodied in a computer aid for Hazard Identification, or HAZOP emulator, HAZID. The HAZID code is one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project. The present paper discusses some topics for future development of HAZID and presents an overview and some conclusions from the work discussed in the series. Companion papers describe: an overview of HAZID, with an account of HAZOP and HAZOP emulation, and of the issues underlying it; the unit model system; the fluid model system and evaluation of consequences; the evaluation and improvement of HAZID using case studies and other methods.
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Hazard Identification in Batch and Continuous Computer-Controlled Plants
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1999Co-Authors: Paul W. H. Chung, Shuang-hua Yang, D.w. EdwardsAbstract:It has been recognized that due to increasing use of computers in chemical processes some incidents have occurred not because of equipment faults but because of errors in control software. A qualitative, functional model-based approach to Hazard Identification for general computer-controlled plants is presented in this paper. A functional model, the Process Control Event Diagram (PCED), is proposed. It can be used to represent discrete or continuous control systems. The PCED developed for a computer-controlled plant is used as the basis for Hazard Identification. State transitions are generated manually by applying the PCED and process information in order to identify whether an undesirable state can be reached. Hazard and operability analysis is carried out by introducing deviations for each control action in the PCED. Case studies are presented to illustrate the methodology.
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HAZID, A Computer Aid for Hazard Identification: 2. Unit Model System
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 1999Co-Authors: S.a. Mccoy, Paul W. H. Chung, S.j. Wakeman, F.d. Larkin, A.g. Rushton, F.p. LeesAbstract:The Hazard and operability, or HAZOP, study is a prime method for the Identification of Hazards on process plants. This is the second in a series of papers which describes progress in the emulation of Hazard Identification in the style of HAZOP. The work reported is embodied in a computer aid for Hazard Identification, or HAZOP emulator, HAZID. The HAZID code is one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project. The present paper describes the unit model system. Companion papers describe: an overview of HAZID, with an account of HAZOP and HAZOP emulation, and of the issues underlying it; the fiuid model system and evaluation of consequences; the evaluation and improvement of HAZID using case studies and other methods; some development topics. Conclusions from the work are given in the final paper.
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HAZID, a computer aid for Hazard Identification: 3. The fluid model and consequence evaluation systems
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 1999Co-Authors: S.a. Mccoy, Paul W. H. Chung, F.p. Lees, S.j. Wakeman, F.d. Larkin, A.g. Rushton, P.m. HeinoAbstract:The Hazard and operability, or HAZOP, study is a prime method for the Identification of Hazards on process plants. This is the third in a series of papers which describes progress in the emulation of Hazard Identification in the style of HAZOP. The work reported is embodied in a computer aid for Hazard Identification, or HAZOP emulator, HAZID. The HAZID code is one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project. The present paper describes the fluid model system and the evaluation of consequences. Companion papers describe: an overview of HAZID, with an account of HAZOP and HAZOP emulation, and of the issues underlying it; the unit model system; the evaluation and improvement of HAZID using case studies and other methods; some development topics. Conclusions from the work are given in the final paper.
Alex Albert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental field testing of a real-time construction Hazard Identification and transmission technique
Construction Management and Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Alex Albert, Matthew R Hallowell, Brian M. KleinerAbstract:Hazard Identification and communication are integral to most construction methods, and every construction safety management activity. Unfortunately, in practice, significant Hazards are often not recognized and commu- nicated leading to sub-optimal Hazard awareness at the crew level. To bridge this gap in performance, we con- ducted a two-year intensive research project focused on developing a strategy that increases the proportion of Hazards identified, communicated, and managed. Specifically, we designed a Hazard Identification and transmis- sion (HIT) board that is used in conjunction with energy-based retrieval mnemonics and facilitates identifying and communicating Hazards during both the planning and the execution phases. The strength of this strategy lies in the fact that workers are able to detect and communicate Hazards in real time using energy-source mnemonic cues, which significantly reduces cognitive demand. Following development, we conducted immersive field stud- ies to evaluate the impact of the devised strategy on two projects in the United States. Data from six crews were gathered using the rigorous multiple baseline testing experimental approach and analysis was conducted using interrupted time-series regression models. The results indicate that the crews were able to recognize and com- municate only an average of 54% of Hazards in the baseline phase, but were able to recognize and communicate 77% during the planning phase after using the intervention. An additional 6% of Hazards were identified and communicated in the execution phase. This represents the first known formal effort to evaluate a real-time Hazard Identification and communication strategy for the construction industry.
