The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Job W Esau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic Hazard Management on ambae island vanuatu
Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004Co-Authors: Shane J Cronin, David R Gaylord, Douglas Charley, Brent Alloway, Sandrine Wallez, Job W EsauAbstract:Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatu's active volcanoes. It is also one of the nation's potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m 3 of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the ac- tive vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic Hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external sci- entists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, out- side scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic Hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and Hazard per- ceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based manage- ment structures, we derived volcanic Hazard Management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier "top-down" plans imposed by outside govern- mental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA ap- proaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic Hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy con- flicts, all of which can hinder community emergency Management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communi- cation and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.
Johannes B Ries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of severe rain storms on soil erosion experimental evaluation of wind driven rain and its implications for natural Hazard Management
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Miriam Marzen, Thomas Iserloh, Joao L M P De Lima, Wolfgang Fister, Johannes B RiesAbstract:Abstract Prediction and risk assessment of hydrological extremes are great challenges. Following climate predictions, frequent and violent rainstorms will become a new Hazard to several regions in the medium term. Particularly agricultural soils will be severely threatened due to the combined action of heavy rainfall and accompanying winds on bare soil surfaces. Based on the general underestimation of the effect of wind on water erosion, conventional soil erosion measurements and modeling approaches lack related information to adequately calculate its impact. The presented experimental-empirical approach shows the strong impact of wind on the erosive potential of rain. The tested soils had properties that characterize three environments 1. Silty loam of semi-arid Mediterranean dryfarming and fallow, 2. clayey loam of humid agricultural sites and 3. cohesionless sandy substrates as found at coasts, dune fields and drift-sand areas. Total erosion was found to increase by a factor of 1.3 to 7.1, depending on site characteristics. A complementary laboratory procedure was applied to quantify explicitly the effect of wind on raindrop erosion as well as the influence of substrate, surface structure and slope on particle displacement. These tests confirmed the impact of wind-driven rain on total erosion rates to be of great importance when compared to all other tested factors. To successfully adapt soil erosion models to near-future challenges of climate change induced rain storms, wind-driven rain should be included into the Hazard Management agenda.
Shane J Cronin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic Hazard Management on ambae island vanuatu
Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004Co-Authors: Shane J Cronin, David R Gaylord, Douglas Charley, Brent Alloway, Sandrine Wallez, Job W EsauAbstract:Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatu's active volcanoes. It is also one of the nation's potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m 3 of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the ac- tive vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic Hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external sci- entists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, out- side scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic Hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and Hazard per- ceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based manage- ment structures, we derived volcanic Hazard Management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier "top-down" plans imposed by outside govern- mental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA ap- proaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic Hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy con- flicts, all of which can hinder community emergency Management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communi- cation and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.
Michael Bravo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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science at the policy interface volcano monitoring technologies and volcanic Hazard Management
Bulletin of Volcanology, 2012Co-Authors: Amy Donovan, Clive Oppenheimer, Michael BravoAbstract:This paper discusses results from a survey of volcanologists carried out on the Volcano Listserv during late 2008 and early 2009. In particular, it examines the status of volcano monitoring technologies and their relative perceived value at persistently and potentially active volcanoes. It also examines the role of different types of knowledge in Hazard assessment on active volcanoes, as reported by scientists engaged in this area, and interviewees with experience from the current eruption on Montserrat. Conclusions are drawn about the current state of monitoring and the likely future research directions, and also about the roles of expertise and experience in risk assessment on active volcanoes; while local knowledge is important, it must be balanced with fresh ideas and expertise in a combination of disciplines to produce an advisory context that is conducive to high-level scientific discussion.
Miriam Marzen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of severe rain storms on soil erosion experimental evaluation of wind driven rain and its implications for natural Hazard Management
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Miriam Marzen, Thomas Iserloh, Joao L M P De Lima, Wolfgang Fister, Johannes B RiesAbstract:Abstract Prediction and risk assessment of hydrological extremes are great challenges. Following climate predictions, frequent and violent rainstorms will become a new Hazard to several regions in the medium term. Particularly agricultural soils will be severely threatened due to the combined action of heavy rainfall and accompanying winds on bare soil surfaces. Based on the general underestimation of the effect of wind on water erosion, conventional soil erosion measurements and modeling approaches lack related information to adequately calculate its impact. The presented experimental-empirical approach shows the strong impact of wind on the erosive potential of rain. The tested soils had properties that characterize three environments 1. Silty loam of semi-arid Mediterranean dryfarming and fallow, 2. clayey loam of humid agricultural sites and 3. cohesionless sandy substrates as found at coasts, dune fields and drift-sand areas. Total erosion was found to increase by a factor of 1.3 to 7.1, depending on site characteristics. A complementary laboratory procedure was applied to quantify explicitly the effect of wind on raindrop erosion as well as the influence of substrate, surface structure and slope on particle displacement. These tests confirmed the impact of wind-driven rain on total erosion rates to be of great importance when compared to all other tested factors. To successfully adapt soil erosion models to near-future challenges of climate change induced rain storms, wind-driven rain should be included into the Hazard Management agenda.
