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Liding Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of soil conservation techniques on Water Erosion control: A global analysis.
The Science of the total environment, 2018Co-Authors: Muqi Xiong, Ranhao Sun, Liding ChenAbstract:Water Erosion control is one of the most important ecosystem services provided by soil conservation techniques (SCTs), which are being widely used to alter soil and Water processes and improve ecosystem services. But few studies have focused on providing this service using various techniques across the world. Here, a comprehensive review was conducted to compare the effects of SCTs on Water Erosion control. We conducted a meta-analysis consisting of 1589 sample plots in 22 countries to identify SCTs, which we classified into three groups: biological techniques (BTs, such as afforestation and grain for green), soil management techniques (STs, such as no tillage and soil amendment), and engineering techniques (ETs, such as terraces and contour bunds). Our results were as follows: (1) The SCTs had significant positive effects on Water Erosion control, and they were generally more effective at reducing annual soil loss (84%) than at reducing annual runoff (53%). (2) The BTs (e.g., 88% for soil and 55% for runoff) were generally more effective at reducing soil and Water loss than ETs (e.g., 86% for soil and 44% for runoff) and STs (e.g., 59% for soil and 48% for runoff). (3) On bare lands, the efficiency of Water Erosion control decreased as the terrain slope increased, but this value increased as the slope increased on croplands and orchards. Furthermore, the effects of SCTs on runoff and soil loss reduction were most efficient on 25°-40° slopes in croplands and on 20°-25° slopes in orchards. (4) The SCTs were more efficient on croplands and orchards in temperate climate zone (CZ), while those on bare lands were more effective in tropical CZ. (5) The SCTs in Brazil and Tanzania were more effective at reducing runoff and soil loss than those in the USA, China and Europe.
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Effects of terracing practices on Water Erosion control in China: A meta-analysis
Earth-Science Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Die Chen, Wei Wei, Liding ChenAbstract:Abstract Terracing has long been considered a strategy for soil and Water conservation in many mountainous regions of the world. However, the effectiveness of terracing is limited by many factors, such as climate, soil properties, topography, land use, culture, demography and socioeconomic status. The aim of this critical review is to evaluate the roles of terracing on Water Erosion control in China. A meta-analysis of 601 runoff and 636 sediment observations involving a diversity of terrace structures was conducted. These 1237 observations involved level terraces, slope-separated terraces, slope terraces, zig terraces, fanya juu terraces and half-moon terraces, wide geographical locations within China, a diversity of land uses from forests to bare land, and a slopes ranging from 3° to 35°. The results confirmed that terracing significantly and positively affected Water Erosion control. In terms of different terrace structures, bench terraces were superior with respect to runoff and sediment reductions. Land use also played a crucial role in the efficiency of Erosion control; terraces associated with tree crops and forests conserved the greatest amount of soil and Water. In addition, a significant positive correlation between slope gradient (3°–15° and 16°–35°) and the effect of terracing on Water Erosion control was observed with the greatest decreases in Water Erosion occurred at slopes of 26°–35° and 11°–15°. This study revealed the effectiveness and variations of terracing with respect to Water Erosion control at the national scale and can serve as a scientific basis for land managers and decision makers. However with increasing urbanization, terrace abandonment increases as does the loss of place-based knowledge regarding terrace construction and maintenance.
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Effects of crop rotation and rainfall on Water Erosion on a gentle slope in the hilly loess area, China
CATENA, 2014Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding Chen, Handan Zhang, Lei Yang, Jin ChenAbstract:Cultivation on steep land has long been blamed as a major contributor of Water Erosion in many fragile regions of the world. Soil and Water loss from gentle slopes, however, are always subjectively considered less important and are even neglected in practice. In this study, 21 plots including seven crop-rotation types (CRTs) under three different slight gradients (10°, 15°, 20°), were established in Dingxi, a typical semiarid hilly loess area in China. Eight consecutive years of Erosion data under different gentle-slope cultivation conditions were compared and analyzed. The most interesting and key finding is that Water Erosion remained far higher on slopes with gradients of less than 20° than the tolerable criterion, even when some CRT measures and field treatments (e.g., contour cultivation, stiletto, minimum tillage, and crop-shrub intercropping) were implemented. Newfield techniques targeting Erosion control on gentle slopes should be developed. Secondly, compared with other crop species, potato cultivation under sloping conditions was confirmed to cause the highest soil and Water loss and should be strictly forbidden at large scales. Being a major source of income for local farmers, potato plantation under terracing conditions, rather than on slopes, is strongly recommended as the first choice for achieving the double advantages of Erosion control and farmer income. Thirdly, Water Erosion on gentle slopes was reduced significantly when different CRTs coupled with land-closure treatments (e.g., farmland abandonment, leaving artificial grassland under natural succession, and consecutive fallows) were conducted simultaneously. This result confirms that these measures are effective for conserving soil and Water, and are feasible in practice. Finally, Water Erosion depended significantly on the timing and proportion of rainstorms in certain periods. The sensitivity of Water Erosion to natural rainfall, however, was also dependent on the specific surface status. In summary, a higher occurrence of rainstorms coupled with crops that have poor resistance to Erosion (e.g., potato, flax, and wheat) and up–down cultivation will certainly accelerate runoff and Erosion on slopes, whereas natural succession without human disturbance or appropriate CRTs with contour farming practices can markedly reduce Water Erosion rates.
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Response of sloping Water Erosion to rainfall and micro-earth pattern in the loess hilly area
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 2012Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding Chen, Fu-yan Jia, Jin ChenAbstract:Severe Water Erosion in the key loess hilly area is affected by the coupling role of rainfall and earth surface features. In this study, rainfall simulation techniques at the micro-plot scale (1.2 m x 1.2 m; 2 m x 1.2 m) was used as the basic measures, the relations between rainfall depth, intensity and runoff-Erosion under different plant morphology features as well as micro-landscape positions were quantified and analyzed. Several key findings were captured. Firstly, rainfall depth and intensity both affected Water Erosion significantly, while the role of the rainfall intensity was more important than that of the depth. Secondly, a strong negative correlation was found between the antecedent soil moisture content and the generation timing of surface runoff, while Water Erosion had a positive relation with the antecedent soil moisture. Thirdly, different plant morphology and micro-landscape positions of shrub plant (seabuckthorn) played different roles leading to different rates of surface runoff and soil Erosion. Dominated by a rainfall intensity ranging from 50 to 60 mm x h(-1), runoff coefficient in those micro-plots covered by seabuckthorn was about 5%-8%, and changed into 25%, 45% and 63% in grassland-plots, bared plots covered by biological-crust and bared plots without any coverage, respectively. Fourthly, the specific landscape position of seabuckthorn in the plots was also found to play a key role in affecting Water Erosion processes, and seabuckthorn at the lower landscape position, rather than the upper and middle position, played a better buffering role in reducing runoff and soil loss.
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Responses of Water Erosion processes to natural rainfall change in terrestrial ecosystems
2011Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding ChenAbstract:Water Erosion is the most destructive Erosion type worldwide, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. Rainfall is the most important factor for Water Erosion generation. Against a background of climate change and accelerated human activities, changes have taken place and will be expected to become more in natural rainfall regimes worldwide. rainfall variables will change and rainfall extremes will experience more freqently. Such long-term shifts may challenge the existing cultivation systems worldwide and eventually alter the spatiotemporal patterns of land use and topography. Meanwhile, specific features of soil crusting/sealing, plant litter and its decomposition, antecedent soil moisture content (ASMC) all will change accompanying rainfall variability. All these changes will increase pressures on soil Erosion and hydrological processes, making accurate Erosion prediction and control more difficult. An improved knowledge and understanding of this issue, therefore, is essential for dealing with the forthcoming challenges regarding soil and Water conservation practices. In this paper, the characteristics of changes in natural rainfall, its role on terrestrial ecosystems, the challenges, and its effect on surface Water Erosion dynamics are elaborated and discussed. The major priorities for future research are also highlighted, and it is hoped that this will promote a better understanding of Water Erosion processes and related hydrological issues.
Wei Wei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of terracing practices on Water Erosion control in China: A meta-analysis
Earth-Science Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Die Chen, Wei Wei, Liding ChenAbstract:Abstract Terracing has long been considered a strategy for soil and Water conservation in many mountainous regions of the world. However, the effectiveness of terracing is limited by many factors, such as climate, soil properties, topography, land use, culture, demography and socioeconomic status. The aim of this critical review is to evaluate the roles of terracing on Water Erosion control in China. A meta-analysis of 601 runoff and 636 sediment observations involving a diversity of terrace structures was conducted. These 1237 observations involved level terraces, slope-separated terraces, slope terraces, zig terraces, fanya juu terraces and half-moon terraces, wide geographical locations within China, a diversity of land uses from forests to bare land, and a slopes ranging from 3° to 35°. The results confirmed that terracing significantly and positively affected Water Erosion control. In terms of different terrace structures, bench terraces were superior with respect to runoff and sediment reductions. Land use also played a crucial role in the efficiency of Erosion control; terraces associated with tree crops and forests conserved the greatest amount of soil and Water. In addition, a significant positive correlation between slope gradient (3°–15° and 16°–35°) and the effect of terracing on Water Erosion control was observed with the greatest decreases in Water Erosion occurred at slopes of 26°–35° and 11°–15°. This study revealed the effectiveness and variations of terracing with respect to Water Erosion control at the national scale and can serve as a scientific basis for land managers and decision makers. However with increasing urbanization, terrace abandonment increases as does the loss of place-based knowledge regarding terrace construction and maintenance.
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Effects of crop rotation and rainfall on Water Erosion on a gentle slope in the hilly loess area, China
CATENA, 2014Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding Chen, Handan Zhang, Lei Yang, Jin ChenAbstract:Cultivation on steep land has long been blamed as a major contributor of Water Erosion in many fragile regions of the world. Soil and Water loss from gentle slopes, however, are always subjectively considered less important and are even neglected in practice. In this study, 21 plots including seven crop-rotation types (CRTs) under three different slight gradients (10°, 15°, 20°), were established in Dingxi, a typical semiarid hilly loess area in China. Eight consecutive years of Erosion data under different gentle-slope cultivation conditions were compared and analyzed. The most interesting and key finding is that Water Erosion remained far higher on slopes with gradients of less than 20° than the tolerable criterion, even when some CRT measures and field treatments (e.g., contour cultivation, stiletto, minimum tillage, and crop-shrub intercropping) were implemented. Newfield techniques targeting Erosion control on gentle slopes should be developed. Secondly, compared with other crop species, potato cultivation under sloping conditions was confirmed to cause the highest soil and Water loss and should be strictly forbidden at large scales. Being a major source of income for local farmers, potato plantation under terracing conditions, rather than on slopes, is strongly recommended as the first choice for achieving the double advantages of Erosion control and farmer income. Thirdly, Water Erosion on gentle slopes was reduced significantly when different CRTs coupled with land-closure treatments (e.g., farmland abandonment, leaving artificial grassland under natural succession, and consecutive fallows) were conducted simultaneously. This result confirms that these measures are effective for conserving soil and Water, and are feasible in practice. Finally, Water Erosion depended significantly on the timing and proportion of rainstorms in certain periods. The sensitivity of Water Erosion to natural rainfall, however, was also dependent on the specific surface status. In summary, a higher occurrence of rainstorms coupled with crops that have poor resistance to Erosion (e.g., potato, flax, and wheat) and up–down cultivation will certainly accelerate runoff and Erosion on slopes, whereas natural succession without human disturbance or appropriate CRTs with contour farming practices can markedly reduce Water Erosion rates.
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Response of sloping Water Erosion to rainfall and micro-earth pattern in the loess hilly area
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 2012Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding Chen, Fu-yan Jia, Jin ChenAbstract:Severe Water Erosion in the key loess hilly area is affected by the coupling role of rainfall and earth surface features. In this study, rainfall simulation techniques at the micro-plot scale (1.2 m x 1.2 m; 2 m x 1.2 m) was used as the basic measures, the relations between rainfall depth, intensity and runoff-Erosion under different plant morphology features as well as micro-landscape positions were quantified and analyzed. Several key findings were captured. Firstly, rainfall depth and intensity both affected Water Erosion significantly, while the role of the rainfall intensity was more important than that of the depth. Secondly, a strong negative correlation was found between the antecedent soil moisture content and the generation timing of surface runoff, while Water Erosion had a positive relation with the antecedent soil moisture. Thirdly, different plant morphology and micro-landscape positions of shrub plant (seabuckthorn) played different roles leading to different rates of surface runoff and soil Erosion. Dominated by a rainfall intensity ranging from 50 to 60 mm x h(-1), runoff coefficient in those micro-plots covered by seabuckthorn was about 5%-8%, and changed into 25%, 45% and 63% in grassland-plots, bared plots covered by biological-crust and bared plots without any coverage, respectively. Fourthly, the specific landscape position of seabuckthorn in the plots was also found to play a key role in affecting Water Erosion processes, and seabuckthorn at the lower landscape position, rather than the upper and middle position, played a better buffering role in reducing runoff and soil loss.
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Responses of Water Erosion processes to natural rainfall change in terrestrial ecosystems
2011Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding ChenAbstract:Water Erosion is the most destructive Erosion type worldwide, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. Rainfall is the most important factor for Water Erosion generation. Against a background of climate change and accelerated human activities, changes have taken place and will be expected to become more in natural rainfall regimes worldwide. rainfall variables will change and rainfall extremes will experience more freqently. Such long-term shifts may challenge the existing cultivation systems worldwide and eventually alter the spatiotemporal patterns of land use and topography. Meanwhile, specific features of soil crusting/sealing, plant litter and its decomposition, antecedent soil moisture content (ASMC) all will change accompanying rainfall variability. All these changes will increase pressures on soil Erosion and hydrological processes, making accurate Erosion prediction and control more difficult. An improved knowledge and understanding of this issue, therefore, is essential for dealing with the forthcoming challenges regarding soil and Water conservation practices. In this paper, the characteristics of changes in natural rainfall, its role on terrestrial ecosystems, the challenges, and its effect on surface Water Erosion dynamics are elaborated and discussed. The major priorities for future research are also highlighted, and it is hoped that this will promote a better understanding of Water Erosion processes and related hydrological issues.
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Effects of rainfall change on Water Erosion processes in terrestrial ecosystems: a review:
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Liding ChenAbstract:Water Erosion is the most destructive Erosion type worldwide, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. Against a background of climate change and accelerated human activities, changes in natural rainfall regimes have taken place and will be expected to become more pronounced in future decades. Long-term shifts may challenge the existing cultivation systems worldwide and eventually alter the spatiotemporal patterns of land use and topography. Meanwhile, specific features of soil crusting/sealing, plant litter and its decomposition, and antecedent soil moisture content (ASMC) will accompany rainfall variability. All these changes will increase pressures on soil Erosion and hydrological processes, making accurate Erosion prediction and control more difficult. An improved knowledge and understanding of this issue, therefore, is essential for dealing with the forthcoming challenges regarding soil and Water conservation practices. In this paper, the characteristics of changes in natural rainfall, its role on terrestrial ecosystems, the challenges, and its effect on surface Water Erosion dynamics are elaborated and discussed. The major priorities for future research are also highlighted, and it is hoped that this will promote a better understanding of Water Erosion processes and related hydrological issues.
Enheng Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Responses of accumulation-loss patterns for soil organic carbon and its fractions to tillage and Water Erosion in black soil area
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017Co-Authors: Pengzhi Zhao, Xiangwei Chen, Enheng WangAbstract:Tillage and Water Erosion have been recognized as the main factors causing degradation in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools of black soil. To further explore the response of SOC and its fractions to different driving forces of Erosion (tillage and Water), geostatistical methods were used to analyze spatial patterns of SOC and its three fractions at a typical sloping farmland based on tillage and Water Erosion rates calculated by local models. The results showed that tillage Erosion and deposition rates changed according to the slope positions, decreasing in the order: upper-slope > lower-slope > middle-slope > toe-slope and toe-slope > lower-slope > middle-slope > upper-slope, respectively; while the order of Water Erosion rates decreased in the order: lower-slope > toe-slope > middle-slope > upper-slope. Tillage and Water Erosion cooperatively triggered intense soil loss in the lower-slope areas with steep slope gradient. Tillage Erosion could affect C cycling through the whole slope at different levels, although the rate of tillage Erosion (0.02-7.02 t·hm-2·a-1) was far less than that of Water Erosion (5.96-101.17 t·hm-2·a-1) in black soil area. However, Water Erosion only played a major role in controlling C dynamics in the runoff-concentrated lower slope area. Affected by Water Erosion and tillage Erosion-deposition disturbance, the concentrations of SOC, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in depositional areas were higher than in Erosional areas, however, microbial biomass carbon showed an opposite trend. Tillage Erosion dominated SOC dynamic by depleting particulate organic carbon.
Sihan Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changed surface roughness by wind Erosion accelerates Water Erosion.
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Dengfeng Tuo, Liqian Gao, Shuai Zhang, Sihan LiuAbstract:Purpose Wind and Water Erosion are two dominant types of Erosion that lead to losses of soil and Water; understanding their interactions is important for estimating soil quality and environmental impacts in regions where both types of Erosion occur. This study was devoted to investigate the characteristics of the surface roughness, runoff, and Erosion rates under a one-way wind Erosion-rain Erosion sequence.
Karsten Kalbitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil organic carbon redistribution by Water Erosion the role of co2 emissions for the carbon budget
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Xiang Wang, Erik Cammeraat, Paul Romeijn, Karsten KalbitzAbstract:A better process understanding of how Water Erosion influences the redistribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is sorely needed to unravel the role of soil Erosion for the carbon (C) budget from local to global scales. The main objective of this study was to determine SOC redistribution and the complete C budget of a loess soil affected by Water Erosion. We measured fluxes of SOC, dissolved organic C (DOC) and CO2 in a pseudo-replicated rainfall-simulation experiment. We characterized different C fractions in soils and redistributed sediments using density fractionation and determined C enrichment ratios (CER) in the transported sediments. Erosion, transport and subsequent deposition resulted in significantly higher CER of the sediments exported ranging between 1.3 and 4.0. In the exported sediments, C contents (mg per g soil) of particulate organic C (POC, C not bound to soil minerals) and mineral-associated organic C (MOC) were both significantly higher than those of non-eroded soils indicating that Water Erosion resulted in losses of C-enriched material both in forms of POC and MOC. The averaged SOC fluxes as particles (4.7 g C m−2 yr−1) were 18 times larger than DOC fluxes. Cumulative emission of soil CO2 slightly decreased at the Erosion zone while increased by 56% and 27% at the transport and depositional zone, respectively, in comparison to non-eroded soil. Overall, CO2 emission is the predominant form of C loss contributing to about 90.5% of total Erosion-induced C losses in our 4-month experiment, which were equal to 18 g C m−2. Nevertheless, only 1.5% of the total redistributed C was mineralized to CO2 indicating a large stabilization after deposition. Our study also underlines the importance of C losses by particles and as DOC for understanding the effects of Water Erosion on the C balance at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
