The Experts below are selected from a list of 27492 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Angus Deaton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Health Inequality and economic development
Journal of Economic Literature, 2003Co-Authors: Angus DeatonAbstract:I explore the connection between income Inequality and Health in both poor and rich countries. I discuss a range of mechanisms, including nonlinear income effects, credit restrictions, nutritional traps, public goods provision, and relative deprivation. I review the evidence on the effects of income Inequality on the rate of decline of mortality over time, on geographical pattens of mortality, and on individual-level mortality. Much of the literature needs to be treated skeptically, if only because of the low quality of much of the data on income Inequality. Although there are many puzzles that remain, I conclude that there is no direct link from income Inequality to ill-Health; individuals are no more likely to die if they live in more unequal places. The raw correlations that are sometimes found are likely the result of factors other than income Inequality, some of which are intimately linked to broader notions of Inequality and unfairness. That income Inequality itself is not a Health risk does not deny the importance for Health of other inequalities, nor of the social environment. Whether income redistribution can improve population Health does not depend on a direct effect of income Inequality and remains an open question.
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Health, Inequality, and Economic Development
Journal of Economic Literature, 2003Co-Authors: Angus DeatonAbstract:I discuss mechanisms linking Health and Inequality and review evidence for effects of income Inequality on aggregate and individual mortality, over time and over space. I conclude that there is no direct link. Correlations come from factors other than income Inequality itself, some of which are linked to broader notions of Inequality and inequity that are most likely important for Health. Whether income redistribution can improve population Health does not depend on the existence of a direct link between income Inequality and Health and remains an open question.
Eddy Van Doorslaer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a welfare economics foundation for Health Inequality measurement
Journal of Health Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Eddy Van Doorslaer, Han BleichrodtAbstract:The empirical literature on the measurement of Health inequalities is vast and rapidly expanding. To date, however, no foundation in welfare economics exists for the proposed measures of Health Inequality. This paper provides such a foundation for commonly used measures like the Health concentration index, the Gini index, and the extended concentration index. Our results indicate that these measures require assumptions that appear restrictive. One way forward may be the development of multi-dimensional extensions.
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income related Health Inequality in canada
Social Science & Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Karin H Humphries, Eddy Van DoorslaerAbstract:This study uses data from the 1994 National Population Health Survey and applies the methods developed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (1994, measuring inequalities in Health in the presence of multiple-category morbidity indicators. Health Economics 3, 281-291) to measure the degree of income-related Inequality in self-reported Health in Canada by means of concentration indices. It finds that significant inequalities in self-reported ill-Health exist and favour the higher income groups -- the higher the level of income, the better the level of self-assessed Health. The analysis also indicates that lower income individuals are somewhat more likely to report their self-assessed Health as poor or less-than-good than higher income groups, at the same level of a more 'objective' Health indictor such as the McMaster Health Utility Index. The degree of Inequality in 'subjective' Health is slightly higher than in 'objective' Health, but not significantly different. The degree of Inequality in self-assessed Health in Canada was found to be significantly higher than that reported by van Doorslaer et al. (1997, income related inequalities in Health: some international comparisons, Journal of Health Economics 16, 93-112) for seven European countries, but not significantly different from the Health Inequality measured for the UK or the US. It also appears as if Canada's Health Inequality is higher than what would be expected on the basis of its income Inequality.
Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green space Health Inequality and pregnancy
Environment International, 2012Co-Authors: Payam Dadvand, Audrey De Nazelle, Francesc Figueras, Xavier Basagana, Jason G Su, Elmira Amoly, Michael Jerrett, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Mark J NieuwenhuijsenAbstract:Abstract Green spaces have been suggested to improve physical and mental Health and well-being by increasing physical activity, reducing air pollution, noise, and ambient temperature, increasing social contacts and relieving psychophysiological stress. Although these mechanisms also suggest potential beneficial effects of green spaces on pregnancy outcomes, to our knowledge there is no available epidemiological evidence on this impact. We investigated the effects of surrounding greenness and proximity to major green spaces on birth weight and gestational age at delivery and described the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these relationships. This study was based on a cohort of births (N = 8246) that occurred in a major university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, during 2001–2005. We determined surrounding greenness from satellite retrievals as the average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a buffer of 100 m around each maternal place of residence. To address proximity to major green spaces, a binary variable was used to indicate whether maternal residential address is situated within a buffer of 500 m from boundaries of a major green space. For each indicator of green exposure, linear regression models were constructed to estimate change in outcomes adjusted for relevant covariates including individual and area level SEP. None of the indicators of green exposure was associated with birth weight and gestational age. After assessing effect modification based on the level of maternal education, we detected an increase in birth weight (grams) among the lowest education level group (N = 164) who had higher surrounding NDVI (Regression coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI) of 436.3 (43.1, 829.5)) or lived close to a major green space (Regression coefficient (95% CI)) of 189.8 (23.9, 355.7)). Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of exposure to green spaces on birth weight only in the lowest SEP group.
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green space Health Inequality and pregnancy
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2011Co-Authors: Payam Dadvand, Audrey De Nazelle, Francesc Figueras, Xavier Basagana, Jason G Su, Elmira Amoly, Michael Jerrett, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Mark J NieuwenhuijsenAbstract:Background and Aims: Green spaces have been suggested to improve both perceived and objective physical and mental Health and well-being; however, there is no available evidence on the impact of gre...
Terry Hartig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green space psychological restoration and Health Inequality
The Lancet, 2008Co-Authors: Terry HartigAbstract:Terry Hartig a In today's Lancet, Richard Mitchell and Frank Popham1 report on Health Inequality as moderated by the degree of access to parks and other green spaces near the home. They divide people in England who were younger than retirement age into four income deprivation groups, and five groups according to their access to green space. Looking at mortality data for 2001—05, these researchers found that the populations with the most access to green space had the weakest associations between income-related deprivation and both all-cause and circulatory disease mortality.
Payam Dadvand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green space Health Inequality and pregnancy
Environment International, 2012Co-Authors: Payam Dadvand, Audrey De Nazelle, Francesc Figueras, Xavier Basagana, Jason G Su, Elmira Amoly, Michael Jerrett, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Mark J NieuwenhuijsenAbstract:Abstract Green spaces have been suggested to improve physical and mental Health and well-being by increasing physical activity, reducing air pollution, noise, and ambient temperature, increasing social contacts and relieving psychophysiological stress. Although these mechanisms also suggest potential beneficial effects of green spaces on pregnancy outcomes, to our knowledge there is no available epidemiological evidence on this impact. We investigated the effects of surrounding greenness and proximity to major green spaces on birth weight and gestational age at delivery and described the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these relationships. This study was based on a cohort of births (N = 8246) that occurred in a major university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, during 2001–2005. We determined surrounding greenness from satellite retrievals as the average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a buffer of 100 m around each maternal place of residence. To address proximity to major green spaces, a binary variable was used to indicate whether maternal residential address is situated within a buffer of 500 m from boundaries of a major green space. For each indicator of green exposure, linear regression models were constructed to estimate change in outcomes adjusted for relevant covariates including individual and area level SEP. None of the indicators of green exposure was associated with birth weight and gestational age. After assessing effect modification based on the level of maternal education, we detected an increase in birth weight (grams) among the lowest education level group (N = 164) who had higher surrounding NDVI (Regression coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI) of 436.3 (43.1, 829.5)) or lived close to a major green space (Regression coefficient (95% CI)) of 189.8 (23.9, 355.7)). Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of exposure to green spaces on birth weight only in the lowest SEP group.
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green space Health Inequality and pregnancy
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2011Co-Authors: Payam Dadvand, Audrey De Nazelle, Francesc Figueras, Xavier Basagana, Jason G Su, Elmira Amoly, Michael Jerrett, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Mark J NieuwenhuijsenAbstract:Background and Aims: Green spaces have been suggested to improve both perceived and objective physical and mental Health and well-being; however, there is no available evidence on the impact of gre...
