The Experts below are selected from a list of 3738 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Evelyne De Leeuw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Local Health Planning and Governance
Healthy Cities, 2017Co-Authors: Evelyne De Leeuw, Vivian LinAbstract:We look at local government health planning as a governance challenge, rather than a mere technocratic endeavour in the hands of civil servants and bureaucrats. Planning is about the journey in policy development and implementation. We review planning history and types, and hinge the current status quo of the field on efforts in community development, urban planning and social/health planning that emerged in the last 60 years. In seeing planning as a form of governance we highlight governance arrangements for health at the local level in the United Kingdom, Germany, Victoria (Australia) and the Netherlands as proxies for the various modalities that can be found around the world. Detailed case descriptions of local health planning and governance practices are provided for Victoria where municipal health policy is required by law, based on a Healthy City-type conceptualization of four Environments for Health (E4H)—the social, built, economic and natural environment. Evaluations show that this radical step-change for local health planning has been successful, but remains dependent on good governance practices and skills and capabilities of a wide range of professionals, bureaucrats, communities and health organizations. Embracing diversity and flexibility and integral elements of good governance is important.
-
From Urban Projects to Healthy City Policies
Healthy Cities, 2017Co-Authors: Evelyne De LeeuwAbstract:A definition of projectitis (also known as ‘projectism’) is proposed to describe a key barrier to full deployment of a Healthy City vision and values. This chapter argues that to put health high on local social and political agendas necessarily means to transcend project-based work, and move into lasting programme and policy development. The conditions for such approaches are favourable in Healthy Cities, as a number of glocal (global and local) developments invest and sustain longer term perspectives. These conditions include emphases on policy diffusion, social justice, a better understanding of complex systems, and global commitments to the development and implementation of Health in All Policies. These efforts, in turn, are grounded in renewed and tangible support from Universal Health Coverage and Primary Health Care, asset-based community health development, and better insights into what drives (health) equity and economic development. In describing these elements of policy development for value-based Healthy Cities the chapter also gives a firm argument for a broad range of stakeholders to engage successfully in longer term policy change.
-
The Logic of Method for Evaluating Healthy Cities
Healthy Cities, 2017Co-Authors: Evelyne De Leeuw, Geoff GreenAbstract:It is important to evaluate and assess the workings and results of Healthy Cities. However, as Healthy Cities are conceptualized beyond ‘standard’ urban health initiatives that can be mapped with the repertoire of epidemiological techniques, an approach to generating evidence in this field must necessarily be complex and interactive. This chapter describes why and how monitoring, evaluation and assessment for Healthy Cities are important and what the evidence generated should be able to tell the different stakeholders in and beyond an individual Healthy City. The diversity of these functions must be embraced by a conscientiously developed ‘logic of method’ (methodology)—which for Healthy Cities is a negotiated and flexible effort. Two conceptual frameworks are presented that enable this: Fourth Generation Evaluation and Realist Synthesis. A long case study is presented on the negotiation, development and implementation of a Realist Synthesis evaluation of Phase V of the European WHO Healthy Cities Network, which involved 99 cities across dozens of constituencies—but with very high response rates and significant perceived relevance among stakeholders ranging from communities to WHO officers. This review argues that more attention needs to be paid to issues of resourcing, planning, timing and negotiating interactive methodologies for value-based urban health endeavours.
-
Policymaking in European Healthy cities
Health Promotion International, 2015Co-Authors: Evelyne De Leeuw, Geoff Green, Lucy Spanswick, Nicola PalmerAbstract:This paper assesses policy development in, with and for Healthy Cities in the European Region of the World Health Organization. Materials for the assessment were sourced through case studies, a questionnaire and statistical databases. They were compiled in a realist synthesis methodology, applying theory-based evaluation principles. Non-response analyses were applied to ascertain the degree of representatives of the high response rates for the entire network of Healthy Cities in Europe. Further measures of reliability and validity were applied, and it was found that our material was indicative of the entire network. European Healthy Cities are successful in developing local health policy across many sectors within and outside government. They were also successful in addressing 'wicked' problems around equity, governance and participation in themes such as Healthy Urban Planning. It appears that strong local leadership for policy change is driven by international collaboration and the stewardship of the World Health Organization. The processes enacted by WHO, structuring membership of the Healthy City Network (designation) and the guidance on particular themes, are identified as being important for the success of local policy development.
-
Do Healthy Cities Work? A Logic of Method for Assessing Impact and Outcome of Healthy Cities
Journal of Urban Health, 2012Co-Authors: Evelyne De LeeuwAbstract:In this article, we discuss an appropriate methodology for assessing complex urban programs such as the WHO European Healthy Cities Network. The basic tenets and parameters for this project are reviewed, and situated in the broader urban health tradition. This leads to a delineation of the types of questions researchers can address when looking at a complex urban health program. Such questions reach appropriately beyond traditional public health concepts involving proximal and distal determinants of health (and associated upstream, midstream, and downstream rhetoric). Espousing a multi-level, reciprocal pathways perspective on Healthy Cities research, we also adopt a distinction between impacts and outcomes of Healthy Cities. The former are value-driven, the latter intervention-driven. These approaches lead to the acknowledgment of a logic of method that includes situational and contextual appreciation of unique Healthy City experiences in a Realist Evaluation paradigm. The article concludes with a reflection of evaluation and assessment procedures applied to Phase IV (2003-2008) of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network and an interpretation of response rates to the range of methods that have been adopted.
Marcus Grant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sound and the Healthy City
Cities & Health, 2021Co-Authors: Antonella Radicchi, Pinar Cevikayak Yelmi, Andy Chung, Pamela Jordan, Sharon Stewart, Aggelos Tsaligopoulos, Lindsay J Mccunn, Marcus GrantAbstract:At an international level it is recognised that urban noise has serious and negative public health impacts. This leading editorial and the special issue it accompanies seeks to broaden this agenda....
-
Planning for Healthy Cities
Integrating Human Health into Urban and Transport Planning, 2018Co-Authors: Marcus GrantAbstract:Humanity has chosen the urban environment as its habitat of preference, with a growing global population in towns and cities. Worryingly, having to a large extent understood how to design-out communicable disease in urban areas, we seem to lack knowledge about how to build human habitats without risk of non-communicable disease. We don’t deliberately build places to support Healthy lifestyles and reduce health inequity. Planners, urban designers, transport practitioners and public health specialists are waking up to this reality. The evidence base is building and there is relevant experience in the European Healthy City Network and other cities. The solution lies in better understanding what elements of urban form support health, why cities develop in ways that undermine health; and then changing the ways we manage, renew and build urban environments. We need to form coalitions for healthier places, using a health lens across planning, transport and all other urban policy areas. Land use pattern, transport, greenspace and urban design are key for manipulation and design to better support urban health and health equity, and this includes planetary health. Spatial scale is important. At a strategic City and City-regional scale growth patterns, sprawl and long-term planning needs to be tackled. At the smaller scale, place-making with communities, in their local neighbourhoods can yield co-benefits across many of the Sustainable Development Goals. Effective action requires strong City leadership for health, broad coalitions for Healthy City planning and a stronger link between what is happening in cities and public health research.
-
european Healthy City network phase v patterns emerging for Healthy urban planning
Health Promotion International, 2015Co-Authors: Marcus GrantAbstract:There is a tradition of planning cities and their infrastructure to successfully tackle communicable disease arising from urban development. Non-communicable disease follows a different course. Development brings in its wake a basket of adverse health and health equity outcomes that are proving difficult to tackle. In response, within Phase V of the European Healthy Cities Network, municipalities have implemented a range of policy and physical interventions using a settings approach. Due to the time lag between physical interventions and health outcomes, this research interrogates City activity itself to develop better understanding. Self-reported City case studies and questionnaire data were analysed to reveal patterns using an inductive approach. Findings indicate that some categories of intervention, such as whole City planning and transport, have a systemic impact across the wider determinants of health. Addressing transferability and stakeholder understanding helped cities create conditions for successful outcomes. Cities had varying urban development approaches for tackling climate change. Improvements to current practice are discussed, including; a distinction between supply side and demand side in Healthy urban planning; valuing co-benefits; and developing integrative approaches to the evidence-base. This evaluative paper is important for cities wanting to learn how to maximise benefits to public health through urban development and for researchers exploring, with a systemic approach, the experiences of European cities acting at the interface of urban development and public health. This paper also provides recommendations for future phases of the WHO European Healthy Cities programme, posing questions to better address governance and equity in spatial planning.
-
Understanding the role of universities in the European Healthy Cities Programme
2012Co-Authors: Caroline Bird, Marcus GrantAbstract:The WHO Collaborating Centre is a founder member of HAVEN, a European consortium of universities and Healthy cities set up to provide academic support to the European Healthy City Network (EHCN). In order to identify which ‘Healthy City’ goals and activities have the most potential for support and collaboration, a survey was carried out across the whole network of 84 cities. It asked who their key partners were and what sort of knowledge and academic input they needed to enable them to best achieve the aims of the WHO Healthy Cities programme. The survey also explored existing connections with academia in order to identify what types of collaboration currently flourished.
Ronnie Donaldson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sex sun soccer stakeholder opinions on the sex industry in cape town in anticipation of the 2010 fifa soccer world cup
Urban Forum, 2009Co-Authors: Ruth Bird, Ronnie DonaldsonAbstract:Sex workers, sex tourism, and their management during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup is a controversial topic under much discussion in the media and there is a need for an academic debate on the issue. How City managers, tourism marketing organizations, the general public, and law enforcers will manage and deal with such an influx poses numerous practical and moral dilemmas, especially in the face of the growing tourism industry. In the paper, the opinions of various role-players in the tourism sector on the planning and management of sex work space in the City of Cape Town are investigated. Key aspects debated are decriminalization/legalization, prospects for a Healthy City, spatial planning for sex spaces, and policing them.
Nigel Sherriff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Health in the Urban Environment: A Qualitative Review of the Brighton and Hove WHO Healthy City Program
Journal of Urban Health, 2010Co-Authors: Caroline Hall, John Kenneth Davies, Nigel SherriffAbstract:Phase IV of the WHO European Region’s Healthy Cities Program ended in December 2008. This article presents the findings from a recently completed review of Brighton and Hove’s Healthy City Program which aimed to scope whether added value had accrued from the City’s role as a WHO Healthy City during phase IV. In contrast to most other evaluations of Healthy cities, this review adopted a qualitative approach representing an appraisal of the Brighton and Hove Healthy City Program from the internal viewpoint of its local stakeholders. In addition to documentary analysis and a facilitated workshop, a series of in-depth interviews ( N = 27) were conducted with stakeholders from the Brighton and Hove Healthy City Partnership representing each of the sectors reflected in the Local Strategic Partnership (public, statutory, elected, community and voluntary, neighborhood and communities, business). The key findings of the review are presented in a way which reflects the three key areas of the review including (1) the Healthy cities approach, (2) participation in phase IV of the WHO Healthy Cities Program, and (3) the Brighton and Hove Healthy City Partnership. These findings are discussed, and recommendations for action at local, national, and European levels are proposed. In particular, we argue that there is an urgent need to develop a suitable monitoring and evaluation system for the WHO Healthy Cities Program with appropriate indicators that are meaningful and relevant to local stakeholders. Moreover, it would be important for any such system to capitalize on the benefits that qualitative methodologies can offer alongside more traditional quantitative indicators.
Qingyue Meng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Impact of the China Healthy Cities Initiative on Urban Environment
Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Dahai Yue, Shiman Ruan, Weiming Zhu, Luyu Zhang, Gang Cheng, Qingyue MengAbstract:The China Healthy Cities initiative, a nationwide public health campaign, has been implemented for 25 years. As "Healthy China 2030" becomes the key national strategy for improving population health, this initiative is an important component. However, the effects of the initiative have not been well studied. This paper aims to explore its impact on urban environment using a multiple time series design. We adopted a stratified and systematic sampling method to choose 15 China Healthy cities across the country. For the selected Healthy cities, 1:1 matched non-Healthy cities were selected as the comparison group. We collected longitudinal data from 5 years before cities achieved the Healthy City title up to 2012. We used hierarchical models to calculate difference-in-differences estimates for examining the impact of the initiative. We found that the China Healthy Cities initiative was associated with increases in the proportion of urban domestic sewage treated (32 percentage points), the proportion of urban domestic garbage treated (30 percentage points), and the proportion of qualified farmers' markets (40 percentage points), all of which are statistically significant (P
