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Ursula Eberhardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rooting Hebelomas: The Japanese ‘ Hebeloma radicosum’ is a distinct species, Hebeloma sagarae sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales)
Phytotaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Megu Mikami, Taiga KasuyaAbstract:Hebeloma radicosum, known for its long ‘root’ and membranous ring, has regularly been recorded in Japan and been the subject of many studies revolving around ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to high levels of nitrogen compounds and tripartite associations between fungi, host trees and mammals, including moles, wood mice and shrews. However, the species recorded in Japan is in fact not H. radicosum but a closely related species, also in Hebeloma section Myxocybe, described here as Hebeloma sagarae. This mushroom is macroscopically very similar to Hebeloma radicosum, also with a long ‘root’ and membranous ring, but distinct molecularly and in its distribution. We also examine other ‘rooting’ Hebeloma species from Japan: H. luchuense and H. radicosoides; both are shown to be members of H. sect. Scabrispora. A fourth ‘rooting’ Hebeloma from Japan is shown to be the same as or a close relative of Hebeloma danicum originally described from Europe.
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Adventurous cuisine in Laos: Hebeloma parvisporum, a new species in Hebeloma section Porphyrospora
Mycologia, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ole S. Pedersen, Phongeun Sysouphanthong, Thomas LæssøeAbstract:Hebeloma parvisporum is described as new and placed within H. sect. Porphyrospora. This mushroom is sold as an edible in markets of Laos under the local name “wai khom.” Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospor...
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Hebelomina (Agaricales) revisited and abandoned
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Cornelia Krause, Henry J. BekerAbstract:Background and aims – The genus Hebelomina was established in 1935 by Maire to accommodate the new species Hebelomina domardiana, a white-spored mushroom resembling a pale Hebeloma in all aspects other than its spores. Since that time a further five species have been ascribed to the genus and one similar species within the genus Hebeloma. In total, we have studied seventeen collections that have been assigned to these seven species of Hebelomina. We provide a synopsis of the available knowledge on Hebelomina species and Hebelomina-like collections and their taxonomic placement.Methods – Hebelomina-like collections and type collections of Hebelomina species were examined morphologically and molecularly. Ribosomal RNA sequence data were used to clarify the taxonomic placement of species and collections.Key results – Hebelomina is shown to be polyphyletic and members belong to four different genera (Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Tubaria and incertae sedis), all members of different families and clades. All but one of the species are pigment-deviant forms of normally brown-spored taxa. The type of the genus had been transferred to Hebeloma, and Vesterholt and co-workers proposed that Hebelomina be given status as a subsection of Hebeloma. In the meantime, Hebelomina-like Hebeloma, belonging to seven different species in three different sections, have been found. We conclude that Hebelomina should be abandoned as a supraspecific taxon.
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A review of the genus Hebeloma in Svalbard
Mycoscience, 2018Co-Authors: Henry J. Beker, Nicole Schütz, Ursula Eberhardt, Gro GuldenAbstract:Abstract Between 1960 and 2009, regular visits to Svalbard were made and a number of Hebeloma spp. were collected by several mycologists. We have studied 249 such collections, many from the Herbarium in Oslo (O) and from the private herbarium of the first author. The collections represent 17 different species. Of the 17 species, five (H. louiseae, H. pallidolabiatum, H. perexiguum, H. pubescens and H. spetsbergense) are only known from Svalbard. In this paper we discuss the habitat and apparent associates of the 17 species recorded, as well as their frequency of occurrence within our sample, and compare this with our data from other regions of the northern hemisphere. A further analysis compares the records we have from the collection of basidiomes with data published from root analysis of mycorrhizal associates on Svalbard. Root associate data strongly suggest the occurrence of an unknown Hebeloma species, not close to any of the infrageneric groups known to occur in arctic habitats.
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Unexpected species diversity and contrasting evolutionary hypotheses in Hebeloma (Agaricales) sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes in Europe
Mycological Progress, 2015Co-Authors: Edmondo Grilli, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ursula Eberhardt, Marco Leonardi, Alfredo VizziniAbstract:Hebeloma velutipes is one of the most common and abundant members of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete genus and H. sinapizans is one of its oldest and most commonly recorded species. Using large sample sizes, several loci and the analysis of types, we explored the taxonomy, species limits, distribution and the infrageneric classification of these two species and their relatives. By relying almost exclusively on sequenced material, we were able to attain a marked refinement of species descriptions. Phylogenetic results are congruent with respect to the delimitation of species, but suggest conflicting evolutionary histories of the species phylogeny. Using multi-species coalescent analysis, phylogenetic support for H. sects. Velutipes and Sinapizantia was assessed, finding clear support for H. sect. Sinapizantia but ambiguous results for H. sect. Velutipes . One species, H. subconcolor , previously accommodated in H. sect. Denudata , is placed in H. sect. Velutipes . Hebeloma bulbiferum , so far not considered in systematic treatments, is shown to belong to H. sect. Sinapizantia . Unexpectedly, H. velutipes turned out to be distinct from H. leucosarx . Hebeloma erebium comb. nov., H. celatum sp. nov. and H. quercetorum , formerly treated as a single species ( H. quercetorum ), are demonstrated to be three taxa that are clearly distinct in molecular terms, even though, morphologically, they can be deceptively similar; H. erebium and H. quercetorum are, moreover, geographically distinct. The morphological characters used to distinguish the ten recognised European species are outlined. Finally, a lectotype and an epitype are designated for H. sinapizans and a lectotype for H. quercetorum .
Henry J. Beker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rooting Hebelomas: The Japanese ‘ Hebeloma radicosum’ is a distinct species, Hebeloma sagarae sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales)
Phytotaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Megu Mikami, Taiga KasuyaAbstract:Hebeloma radicosum, known for its long ‘root’ and membranous ring, has regularly been recorded in Japan and been the subject of many studies revolving around ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to high levels of nitrogen compounds and tripartite associations between fungi, host trees and mammals, including moles, wood mice and shrews. However, the species recorded in Japan is in fact not H. radicosum but a closely related species, also in Hebeloma section Myxocybe, described here as Hebeloma sagarae. This mushroom is macroscopically very similar to Hebeloma radicosum, also with a long ‘root’ and membranous ring, but distinct molecularly and in its distribution. We also examine other ‘rooting’ Hebeloma species from Japan: H. luchuense and H. radicosoides; both are shown to be members of H. sect. Scabrispora. A fourth ‘rooting’ Hebeloma from Japan is shown to be the same as or a close relative of Hebeloma danicum originally described from Europe.
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Adventurous cuisine in Laos: Hebeloma parvisporum, a new species in Hebeloma section Porphyrospora
Mycologia, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ole S. Pedersen, Phongeun Sysouphanthong, Thomas LæssøeAbstract:Hebeloma parvisporum is described as new and placed within H. sect. Porphyrospora. This mushroom is sold as an edible in markets of Laos under the local name “wai khom.” Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospor...
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Hebelomina (Agaricales) revisited and abandoned
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Cornelia Krause, Henry J. BekerAbstract:Background and aims – The genus Hebelomina was established in 1935 by Maire to accommodate the new species Hebelomina domardiana, a white-spored mushroom resembling a pale Hebeloma in all aspects other than its spores. Since that time a further five species have been ascribed to the genus and one similar species within the genus Hebeloma. In total, we have studied seventeen collections that have been assigned to these seven species of Hebelomina. We provide a synopsis of the available knowledge on Hebelomina species and Hebelomina-like collections and their taxonomic placement.Methods – Hebelomina-like collections and type collections of Hebelomina species were examined morphologically and molecularly. Ribosomal RNA sequence data were used to clarify the taxonomic placement of species and collections.Key results – Hebelomina is shown to be polyphyletic and members belong to four different genera (Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Tubaria and incertae sedis), all members of different families and clades. All but one of the species are pigment-deviant forms of normally brown-spored taxa. The type of the genus had been transferred to Hebeloma, and Vesterholt and co-workers proposed that Hebelomina be given status as a subsection of Hebeloma. In the meantime, Hebelomina-like Hebeloma, belonging to seven different species in three different sections, have been found. We conclude that Hebelomina should be abandoned as a supraspecific taxon.
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A review of the genus Hebeloma in Svalbard
Mycoscience, 2018Co-Authors: Henry J. Beker, Nicole Schütz, Ursula Eberhardt, Gro GuldenAbstract:Abstract Between 1960 and 2009, regular visits to Svalbard were made and a number of Hebeloma spp. were collected by several mycologists. We have studied 249 such collections, many from the Herbarium in Oslo (O) and from the private herbarium of the first author. The collections represent 17 different species. Of the 17 species, five (H. louiseae, H. pallidolabiatum, H. perexiguum, H. pubescens and H. spetsbergense) are only known from Svalbard. In this paper we discuss the habitat and apparent associates of the 17 species recorded, as well as their frequency of occurrence within our sample, and compare this with our data from other regions of the northern hemisphere. A further analysis compares the records we have from the collection of basidiomes with data published from root analysis of mycorrhizal associates on Svalbard. Root associate data strongly suggest the occurrence of an unknown Hebeloma species, not close to any of the infrageneric groups known to occur in arctic habitats.
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Unexpected species diversity and contrasting evolutionary hypotheses in Hebeloma (Agaricales) sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes in Europe
Mycological Progress, 2015Co-Authors: Edmondo Grilli, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ursula Eberhardt, Marco Leonardi, Alfredo VizziniAbstract:Hebeloma velutipes is one of the most common and abundant members of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete genus and H. sinapizans is one of its oldest and most commonly recorded species. Using large sample sizes, several loci and the analysis of types, we explored the taxonomy, species limits, distribution and the infrageneric classification of these two species and their relatives. By relying almost exclusively on sequenced material, we were able to attain a marked refinement of species descriptions. Phylogenetic results are congruent with respect to the delimitation of species, but suggest conflicting evolutionary histories of the species phylogeny. Using multi-species coalescent analysis, phylogenetic support for H. sects. Velutipes and Sinapizantia was assessed, finding clear support for H. sect. Sinapizantia but ambiguous results for H. sect. Velutipes . One species, H. subconcolor , previously accommodated in H. sect. Denudata , is placed in H. sect. Velutipes . Hebeloma bulbiferum , so far not considered in systematic treatments, is shown to belong to H. sect. Sinapizantia . Unexpectedly, H. velutipes turned out to be distinct from H. leucosarx . Hebeloma erebium comb. nov., H. celatum sp. nov. and H. quercetorum , formerly treated as a single species ( H. quercetorum ), are demonstrated to be three taxa that are clearly distinct in molecular terms, even though, morphologically, they can be deceptively similar; H. erebium and H. quercetorum are, moreover, geographically distinct. The morphological characters used to distinguish the ten recognised European species are outlined. Finally, a lectotype and an epitype are designated for H. sinapizans and a lectotype for H. quercetorum .
Nicole Schütz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rooting Hebelomas: The Japanese ‘ Hebeloma radicosum’ is a distinct species, Hebeloma sagarae sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales)
Phytotaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Megu Mikami, Taiga KasuyaAbstract:Hebeloma radicosum, known for its long ‘root’ and membranous ring, has regularly been recorded in Japan and been the subject of many studies revolving around ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to high levels of nitrogen compounds and tripartite associations between fungi, host trees and mammals, including moles, wood mice and shrews. However, the species recorded in Japan is in fact not H. radicosum but a closely related species, also in Hebeloma section Myxocybe, described here as Hebeloma sagarae. This mushroom is macroscopically very similar to Hebeloma radicosum, also with a long ‘root’ and membranous ring, but distinct molecularly and in its distribution. We also examine other ‘rooting’ Hebeloma species from Japan: H. luchuense and H. radicosoides; both are shown to be members of H. sect. Scabrispora. A fourth ‘rooting’ Hebeloma from Japan is shown to be the same as or a close relative of Hebeloma danicum originally described from Europe.
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Adventurous cuisine in Laos: Hebeloma parvisporum, a new species in Hebeloma section Porphyrospora
Mycologia, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ole S. Pedersen, Phongeun Sysouphanthong, Thomas LæssøeAbstract:Hebeloma parvisporum is described as new and placed within H. sect. Porphyrospora. This mushroom is sold as an edible in markets of Laos under the local name “wai khom.” Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospor...
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Hebelomina (Agaricales) revisited and abandoned
Plant Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Cornelia Krause, Henry J. BekerAbstract:Background and aims – The genus Hebelomina was established in 1935 by Maire to accommodate the new species Hebelomina domardiana, a white-spored mushroom resembling a pale Hebeloma in all aspects other than its spores. Since that time a further five species have been ascribed to the genus and one similar species within the genus Hebeloma. In total, we have studied seventeen collections that have been assigned to these seven species of Hebelomina. We provide a synopsis of the available knowledge on Hebelomina species and Hebelomina-like collections and their taxonomic placement.Methods – Hebelomina-like collections and type collections of Hebelomina species were examined morphologically and molecularly. Ribosomal RNA sequence data were used to clarify the taxonomic placement of species and collections.Key results – Hebelomina is shown to be polyphyletic and members belong to four different genera (Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Tubaria and incertae sedis), all members of different families and clades. All but one of the species are pigment-deviant forms of normally brown-spored taxa. The type of the genus had been transferred to Hebeloma, and Vesterholt and co-workers proposed that Hebelomina be given status as a subsection of Hebeloma. In the meantime, Hebelomina-like Hebeloma, belonging to seven different species in three different sections, have been found. We conclude that Hebelomina should be abandoned as a supraspecific taxon.
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A review of the genus Hebeloma in Svalbard
Mycoscience, 2018Co-Authors: Henry J. Beker, Nicole Schütz, Ursula Eberhardt, Gro GuldenAbstract:Abstract Between 1960 and 2009, regular visits to Svalbard were made and a number of Hebeloma spp. were collected by several mycologists. We have studied 249 such collections, many from the Herbarium in Oslo (O) and from the private herbarium of the first author. The collections represent 17 different species. Of the 17 species, five (H. louiseae, H. pallidolabiatum, H. perexiguum, H. pubescens and H. spetsbergense) are only known from Svalbard. In this paper we discuss the habitat and apparent associates of the 17 species recorded, as well as their frequency of occurrence within our sample, and compare this with our data from other regions of the northern hemisphere. A further analysis compares the records we have from the collection of basidiomes with data published from root analysis of mycorrhizal associates on Svalbard. Root associate data strongly suggest the occurrence of an unknown Hebeloma species, not close to any of the infrageneric groups known to occur in arctic habitats.
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Unexpected species diversity and contrasting evolutionary hypotheses in Hebeloma (Agaricales) sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes in Europe
Mycological Progress, 2015Co-Authors: Edmondo Grilli, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Ursula Eberhardt, Marco Leonardi, Alfredo VizziniAbstract:Hebeloma velutipes is one of the most common and abundant members of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete genus and H. sinapizans is one of its oldest and most commonly recorded species. Using large sample sizes, several loci and the analysis of types, we explored the taxonomy, species limits, distribution and the infrageneric classification of these two species and their relatives. By relying almost exclusively on sequenced material, we were able to attain a marked refinement of species descriptions. Phylogenetic results are congruent with respect to the delimitation of species, but suggest conflicting evolutionary histories of the species phylogeny. Using multi-species coalescent analysis, phylogenetic support for H. sects. Velutipes and Sinapizantia was assessed, finding clear support for H. sect. Sinapizantia but ambiguous results for H. sect. Velutipes . One species, H. subconcolor , previously accommodated in H. sect. Denudata , is placed in H. sect. Velutipes . Hebeloma bulbiferum , so far not considered in systematic treatments, is shown to belong to H. sect. Sinapizantia . Unexpectedly, H. velutipes turned out to be distinct from H. leucosarx . Hebeloma erebium comb. nov., H. celatum sp. nov. and H. quercetorum , formerly treated as a single species ( H. quercetorum ), are demonstrated to be three taxa that are clearly distinct in molecular terms, even though, morphologically, they can be deceptively similar; H. erebium and H. quercetorum are, moreover, geographically distinct. The morphological characters used to distinguish the ten recognised European species are outlined. Finally, a lectotype and an epitype are designated for H. sinapizans and a lectotype for H. quercetorum .
Jan Vesterholt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The taxonomy of the European species of Hebeloma section Denudata subsections Hiemalia, Echinospora subsect. nov. and Clepsydroida subsect. nov. and five new species
Fungal biology, 2015Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Jan Vesterholt, Nicole SchützAbstract:Hebeloma section Denudata includes the majority of the taxa commonly referred to as the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. In a recent paper we described in detail H. subsection Denudata and fifteen European species recognised within this subsection, using morphological and molecular methods. In this paper we continue this work and describe in detail three additional subsections and several new species. Within H. subsection Hiemalia we recognise just one species, Hebeloma hiemale. Here we propose an epitype in order to unambiguously define this taxon. Nine species occurring in Europe are assigned to H. subsect. Clepsydroida, namely Hebeloma ammophilum, H. cavipes, H. fragilipes, H. ingratum, H. laetitiae, H. limbatum sp. nov., H. matritense sp. nov., H. pseudofragilipes sp. nov., and H. vaccinum. Finally, we introduce H. subsection Echinospora with three species: Hebeloma echinosporum sp. nov., H. populinum, and H. rostratum sp. nov. We provide descriptions of all three of these species in order to clarify the taxonomy of this section. We provide a key to H. sect. Denudata and the discussed subsections. For the majority of the taxa there is good overall consistency between morphological and phylogenetic delimitation and, where the information exists, thanks to Aanen and Kuyper's work, biological delimitation.
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Decrypting the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex: European species of Hebeloma section Denudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales).
Persoonia, 2015Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Jan VesterholtAbstract:Hebeloma subsection Denudata includes the type of H. section Denudata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, as well as the majority of the taxa commonly included in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. Complementing the work of D.K. Aanen and co-workers, and using refined morphological and molecular methods we were able to recognize further individual taxa within the section. Fifteen species occurring in Europe are assigned to H. subsect. Denudata. Of these, we describe eight species as new, namely H. aanenii, H. aurantioumbrinum, H. geminatum, H. louiseae, H. luteicystidiatum, H. pallidolabiatum, H. perexiguum and H. salicicola. Naucoria bellotiana, a species very similar to H. alpinum is recombined into Hebeloma. A key to Hebeloma subsect. Denudata is provided. We demonstrate that within this subsection there is good overall consistency between morphological, phylogenetic and biological species concepts. In contrast to current opinion, in this group there is little species overlap, particularly when also considering species frequencies, between arctic and alpine floras on one hand and temperate on the other.
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Epitypification of Hebeloma crustuliniforme
Mycological Progress, 2013Co-Authors: Jan Vesterholt, Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. BekerAbstract:It is widely recognised that there is no consistent use of the name H. crustuliniforme. The name has been used to represent a number of different taxa and indeed taxa from sections of Hebeloma that are morphologically and molecularly well separated. The holotype of H. crustuliniforme is plate 308 Bulliard from 1787 and while it can be interpreted, no such interpretation can be without ambiguity. It is clear from existing literature that modern authors have applied numerous different interpretations to this name and no real consensus exists. Indeed it appears that at various times most of the medium to large species within both sections Denudata and Velutipes Vesterh. have been referred to as H. crustuliniforme. Within this paper an epitype is selected for H. crustuliniforme in order to give the taxon a precise meaning and a detailed species description is given. Molecular data combined with the results of intercompatibility tests of Aanen and Kuyper published earlier support the definition of H. crustuliniforme adopted in this paper as a distinct taxon and as a biological species. We strongly recommend that this taxon be referred to as Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quel. emend. Vesterh., U. Eberh. & Beker in order to emphasise that it is the specific taxon rather than the complex to which it is being referred.
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European Species of Hebeloma Section Theobromina
Fungal Diversity, 2013Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Jan Vesterholt, Jordi Vila, Karolina Dukik, Grit Walther, Samantha Fernández BrimeAbstract:This paper addresses section Theobromina within the genus Hebeloma (Agaricales). We recognise seven European species within this section, three of which are described as new: Hebeloma alboerumpens , H. griseopruinatum and H . parvicystidiatum . The first two of these species appear to be ectomycorrhizal with Cistaceae: Cistus and Helianthemum . Hebeloma parvicystidiatum is more likely to be in mycorrhizal association with Quercus spp. We also provide a key to the European species within sect. Theobromina and an updated key of known Hebeloma associates of Cistus . Molecular analyses based on multiple loci further illustrate the distinctness of the newly described taxa and provide molecular evidence, supporting the morphological evidence, for the relationship that exists among species of this section. The ITS is the only one from the sequenced loci that, alongside with morphology, distinguishes among all of the species of sect. Theobromina . The section gains most of its molecular support from the MCM7 locus, followed by RPB2 .
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Hebeloma species associated with Cistus.
Mycological Research, 2009Co-Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Jan Vesterholt, Jordi Vila, Xavier Llimona, Rena GadjievaAbstract:The genus Hebeloma has a number of species highly specific to Cistus and others that occur with several host genera. This paper discusses the species of Hebeloma that appear to be ectomycorrhizal with Cistus, judging from their occurrence when Cistus is the only available host. The previously unknown species H. plesiocistum spec. nov. is described. We also provide a key to the known Hebeloma associates of Cistus. Molecular analyses based on ITS sequence data further illustrate the distinctness of the newly described species and difficulties in the species delimitation with view to H. erumpens. Specific associations with Cistus may have evolved more than once within the genus Hebeloma.
Michel Chalot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of the ER-located zinc transporter ZnT1 and identification of a vesicular zinc storage compartment in Hebeloma cylindrosporum
Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Damien Blaudez, Michel ChalotAbstract:Metal tolerance of filamentous fungi is a poorly understood mechanism. In order to unravel the molecular basis of zinc (Zn) tolerance in the ectomycorrhizal fungal model Hebeloma cylindrosporum, we carried out a functional screening of an H. cylindrosporum cDNA library in the zrc1D mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to search for genes conferring Zn tolerance to yeast cells. This strategy allowed the isolation of HcZnT1, a gene belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator family, which induced tolerance to Zn, but not to other metals. HcZnT1 was constitutively expressed in Hebeloma cells, whatever the Zn status of the medium and the fungal cell type (mycelia, sporocarps, mycorrhizas). A HcZnT1:GFP fusion protein was expressed in yeast and the corresponding fluorescence was recorded on endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Taken together, these different findings suggest a dual role of HcZnT1 in Zn homeostasis of fungal cells, by supplying requested Zn ions for the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum as well as by detoxifying the cytosol under Zn stress. Zn pools were also investigated by using the Zn-specific fluoro-phore zinquin in H. cylindrosporum cells. Zinquin labeling revealed compartmentalization in intracellular vesicles interspersed throughout the cytoplasm that do not correspond to vacuolar compartments. Altogether the present data represent the first steps into the understanding of Zn homeostasis and tolerance in Hebeloma.