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Adrian M Paterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphological character evolution in hepialid moths lepidoptera Hepialidae from new zealand
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2000Co-Authors: B Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Abstract Mapping morphological characters on a molecular-based phylogeny enabled examination of character evolution and an historical perspective into evolutionary processes, both of which are important aspects of systematic research and comparative biology. In this study, 63 morphological characters from hepialid moths in New Zealand were mapped on a phylogenetic tree reconstructed from mitochondrial DNA COI & II sequence data. Morphological characters hypothesized to be synapomorphies for the New Zealand « Oxycanus » lineages and « Oxycanus » lineage s.s. were confirmed to be homologous when mapped on the COI & II phylogeny. The direction of character state transformation was determined for five characters, with members of the Aenetus and Aoraia lineages exhibiting hypothesized ancestral states. Male genitalic characters were less homoplasious than other character partitions and covaried significantly with phylogeny.
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phylogenetic relationships within the genus wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae
New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Abstract The genus Wiseana Viette, part of the ’Oxycanus’ lineage s. str. (Dugdale 1994), is well known to systematists and applied scientists in New Zealand because it has proved difficult to establish the number and distribution of species, and to find characters to identify the species causing damage. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships within Wiseana using nucleotide sequence data from the ITS2 region of the nuclear, ribosomal DNA. Relationships between Wiseana signata haplotypes and W. umbraculata were resolved using the ITS2 region, and morphological and mtDNA data sets. Other relationships within the genus could not be completely resolved using ITS2, or other data sets. The advantages of combining independently derived Wiseana data sets is discussed.
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phylogeny of new zealand hepialid moths lepidoptera Hepialidae inferred from a cladistic analysis of morphological data
Systematic Entomology, 2000Co-Authors: B Brown, Rowan M Emberson, J S Dugdale, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Summary The phylogeny of the New Zealand hepialid moths was estimated from a cladistic analysis of sixty-three morphological characters, from all life cycle stages. One hundred and sixteen maximum parsimony trees were produced. The phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the currently recognized generic concepts, and the four informal lineages hypothesized in a previous morphological taxonomic revision, were monophyletic. The relationships of species within genus Wiseana were not fully resolved. Analysis of a data set of thirty-nine adult male characters from the New Zealand taxa and the Australian genera Jeana, Oxycanus and Trictena supported the monophyly of the New Zealand ‘Oxycanus’ s.s lineage.
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mitochondrial coi and ii provide useful markers for wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae species identification
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1999Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:A method for identifying the members of the endemic genus Wiseana Viette from New Zealand is described. Seven species have been described in the genus: W. cervinata (Walker), W. copularis (Meyrick), W. fuliginea (Butler), W. jocosa (Meyrick), W. mimica (Philpott), W. signata (Walker) and W. umbraculata (Guenee). No morphological characters have been identified to distinguish between the larvae of each species and adult females exhibit high levels of intra and interspecific morphological variation making identification difficult or impossible. Adult males can be distinguished by a combination of scale, antennal and genital characters, but this requires considerable taxonomic experience. Molecular markers were generated via amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI and II) of the mitochondrial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was digested with restriction enzymes to give characteristic fragment patterns. Fourteen restriction enzymes were surveyed and a combination of four of these distinguish all Wiseana taxa except W. fuliginea and W. mimica.
John R Grehan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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observations on phassus n signatus weymer lepidoptera Hepialidae feeding on ligustrum lucidum in a suburban habitat of heredia costa rica
Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 2021Co-Authors: John R Grehan, Carlos C G Mielke, Luko HiljeAbstract:Larval feeding by the Central American ghost moth Phassus n-signatus is recorded in the Asian tree Ligustrum lucidum for the first time. Larval feeding and feeding damage was observed on 15 plants in a suburban environment where L. lucidum is widely used as a residential hedge. Larvae feed under a web of silk and frass on callus wound tissue that grows back following removal of bark around the entrance to a short (less than 42 cm) tunnel where the larva resides when at rest. The diameter of host plant stems at the tunnel site ranged between 4–32 cm and most larval tunnels were found less than 1.5 m from the ground. The presence of P. n-signatus within a suburban residential area shows that this species can persist within human modified urbanized environments where there are sufficient host plants available, and ground conditions include decaying plant debris that would be necessary to support growth of early instars that are presumed to occupy this microhabitat as documented for other stem boring Hepialidae. Key words: callus feeding, Central America, ecology, host plant, larva, phytophagy, stem borer
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Taxonomic composition and monophyly of the genus Magnificus (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae).
Zootaxa, 2021Co-Authors: John R Grehan, Carlos G C Mielke, Ulf Buchsbaum, Joël Minet, Nikolai Ignatev, Dayong XueAbstract:The genus Magnificus Yan, 2000 was originally established to include M. jiuzhiensis Yan, 2000 and M. zhiduoensis Yan, 2000. Here we also include the species M. bouvieri (Oberthur, 1913) comb. n., M. dirschi (Bang-Haas, 1939) comb. n., M. miniatus (Chu Wang, 1985a) comb. n., M. regius (Staudinger, 1896) comb. n., and M. roseus (Oberthur, 1911) comb. n. Monophyly of Magnificus is supported by the shared presence of a unique shape of the tergosternal sclerite in the anterio-abdominal region and pseudoteguminal arm in the male genitalia. We also provide evidence for the inclusion of Magnificus and the northern Eurasian genera Hepialus Fabricius, Pharmacis Hubner, Triodia Hubner and Zenophassus Tindale as members of a larger monophyletic group supported by the shared presence in the male genitalia of a deep U-shaped medial notch in the posterior margin of the saccus and an expanded triangular flange at the lateral corners of the notch. The reciprocally allopatric distribution of Magnificus and its probable sister group is consistent with each originating locally by vicariance over different parts of a widespread ancestral range. This divergence may be the result of tectonic uplift in central Asia.
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morphological notes on gazoryctra sciophanes ferguson and g confusus edwards lepidoptera hepialoidea Hepialidae
Zootaxa, 2020Co-Authors: John R Grehan, Carlos G C MielkeAbstract:The genus Gazoryctra Hubner comprises 10 species in North America and four in northern Eurasia. The remaining diversity of North American Hepialidae is represented by four species of Sthenopis Packard, three species of Phymatopus Wallengren, and one species of Korscheltellus Borner (Nielsen et al. 2000; Grehan & Knyazev 2019). The North American distribution of Gazoryctra extends between Alaska and southern Appalachians and southern Rocky Mountains (Grehan & Mielke 2018). As with other North American Hepialidae, Gazoryctra is absent from much of the southern-central United States where there is ostensibly suitable habitat present as this genus is found in forested regions where it is believed to feed on roots or other organic matter (Schweitzer et al. 2011). This absence may be due to the lack of colonization following regression of inland seas that covered much of this region until the end of the Mesozoic (Grehan & Mielke 2018).
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four new species of splendid ghost moths lepidoptera Hepialidae aenetus from australia and papua new guinea
Zootaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Ethan P Beaver, John R Grehan, Michael D Moore, Alejandro Velascocastrillon, Mark I StevensAbstract:Four new Aenetus Herrich-Schaffer species are described from northern Australasia; Aenetus simonseni sp. nov. from the top-end of the Northern Territory, Australia, A. maiasinus sp. nov. from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, A. trigonogrammus sp. nov. from south-eastern Queensland, Australia, and A. albadamanteum sp. nov. from eastern Papua New Guinea. Aenetus simonseni sp. nov. and A. maiasinus sp. nov. appear to belong to the tegulatus-group of species (sensu Grehan et al. 2018), A. trigonogrammus sp. nov. is part of the splendens-group of species (sensu Simonsen 2018), while A. albadamanteum sp. nov. shares morphological similarities with A. hampsoni (Joicey Noakes, 1914), A. crameri Viette, 1956, and A. toxopeusi Viette, 1956, from New Guinea, and A. cohici Viette, 1961 from New Caledonia. The four new species are illustrated and compared with superficially similar species in morphology and, for two species, molecular (mtDNA COI gene) sequences.
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ghost moths of trinidad and tobago with description of a new genus and a new species lepidoptera Hepialidae
Zootaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos G C Mielke, John R Grehan, Matthew J W CockAbstract:The Hepialidae species of Trinidad and Tobago are documented and two species are recognized. The new and monotypic genus Wallacella, gen. n., (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae) is erected to include Phassus guianensis Schaus of Guyana (Wallacella guianensis, comb. n.). The male holotype and genitalia are also illustrated for the first time. Potential generic affinities with Druceiella (Viette) and Pfitzneriana (Viette) are considered. Gymelloxes juliusboosi sp. n. is described from Trinidad and Tobago and compared to its congeneric species. The sternite VIII and male genitalia are diagnostic for this new species. The male holotype is deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Guren Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular characterization and expression of vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor of thitarodes pui lepidoptera Hepialidae an insect on the tibetan plateau
Journal of Insect Science, 2018Co-Authors: Fengze Jiang, Jixing Guo, Jianbo Liu, Yingshuai Cao, Xueshuang Lai, Guren ZhangAbstract:Vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) play important roles in the vitellogenesis of insects. In this study, we cloned and characterized the two corresponding genes (TpVg and TpVgR) in an economically important insect, Thitarodes pui (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), from the Tibetan plateau. The full length of TpVg is 5566 bp with a 5373 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 1,790 amino acids. Sequence alignment revealed that TpVg has three conserved domains: a Vitellogenin_N domain, a DUF1943 domain, and a von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD). The full length of TpVgR is 5732 bp, with a 5397 bp ORF encoding 1798 amino acids. BLASTP showed that TpVgR belongs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene superfamily. Structural analysis revealed that TpVgR has a group of four structural domains: a ligand-binding domain (LBD), an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-precursor homology domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. In addition, TpVgR has four cysteine-rich LDL repeats in the first ligand-binding site and seven in the second. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression levels of TpVg and TpVgR are much higher in later pupa than in either the larval or adult stage, implying that the synthesis and uptake of Vg in T. pui occurs in the later pupal stage. These results will help us to understand the molecular mechanism of the reproductive capacity and will provide new insight into the mass rearing and utilization of T. pui.
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characterization of a coelomic gregarine parasite from thitarodes pui lepidoptera Hepialidae in the tibetan plateau
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Zixuan Sun, Qingyun Peng, Guren ZhangAbstract:Abstract Thitarodes pui, one of the host species of entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, has great economic importance in the Tibetan Plateau. We report here, for the first time, a gregarine parasite found in the coelom of 7th instar and adults of T. pui. Gregarine gamonts (ovoid, ∼15 × 8 μm) underwent syzygy to produce reproductive gametocysts in T. pui larval hemolymph. All infected T. pui carried 2–17 mature gametocysts filled with numerous oocysts (lemon-shaped, 17.17 ± 0.73 × 6.49 ± 0.4 μm). Transmission electron microscopy showed that these oocysts contained vacuoles of various sizes and amylopectin granules in the cytoplasm; scanning electron microscopy revealed a number of small bumps all over the surface of these oocysts. Small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence analysis showed a close relationship between the gregarine and the species of Ascogregarina (Eugregarinorida: Lecudinidae). Internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S ribosomal DNA from this gregarine exhibited 76% highest sequence identity with that from Ascogregarina culicis Ross.
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molecular characterization and gene expression of apolipophorin iii from the ghost moth thitarodes pui lepidoptera Hepialidae
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Zixuan Sun, Guren ZhangAbstract:Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) functions in lipid transport and immune activation in insects. We cloned a cDNA encoding putative apoLp-III from larvae of Thitarodes pui, a host species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, with great economic importance in the Tibetan Plateau. Excluding a putative signal peptide of the first 20 amino acid residues, the 171-residue mature apoLp-III has a calculated molecular mass of 18,606 Da. T. pui apoLp-III shares little sequence homologies (<36%) with other apoLp-IIIs. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that T. pui apoLp-III belongs to a distinct, early diverging lineage of lepidopteran apoLp-IIIs. Homology modeling of T. pui apoLp-III shows a bundle of five amphipathic α-helices, including a short helix 3′. T. pui apoLp-III was constitutively expressed in larval fat body at lower levels than pupal and adult fat body. Significant induction of apoLp-III expression, associated with strongest nodulation response, was observed in both sixth and eighth instar larvae challenged with Beauveria bassiana conidia at 1 hr after inoculation, compared with saline-injected controls. The inoculation experiment as well as previous field studies revealed the relative susceptibility of the sixth instar to the entomopathogenic fungus. ApoLp-III transcripts in the infected sixth and eighth instars were found to be induced highest 2- and 14.7-fold, respectively, during the first 12 hr. In late-stage infection, the infected susceptible sixth instar showed decrease in apoLp-III expression followed by production of B. bassiana hyphal bodies, whereas the infected eighth instar showed longer lasting increase in the expression. These results suggest that apoLp-III might contribute to T. pui immune response against fungal pathogens. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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two new species of thitarodes lepidoptera Hepialidae from tibet in china
Pan-pacific Entomologist, 2011Co-Authors: Zhi-wen Zou, Xin Liu, Guren ZhangAbstract:Abstract Two new species of the genus Thitarodes, T. sejilaensis sp. nov. and T. jiachaensis sp. nov., from Tibet in China are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Biological Museum of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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molecular cloning and characterization of two heat shock proteins in thitarodes pui lepidoptera Hepialidae
Cryo letters, 2011Co-Authors: Zhi-wen Zou, Zixuan Sun, Guren ZhangAbstract:Heat shock proteins (HSPs) show transient expression in response to rapid temperature increase. The larvae of Thitarodes insects are the host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, with high cold-tolerance. In order to study the adaptive mechanisms to temperature change, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNAs of two HSP genes (designated as tp-hsp90 and tp-hsp70) using the technique of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) from T. pui. The complete cDNA sequences of tp-hsp90 and tp-hsp70 are 2,842 bp and 2,169 bp long, encoding polypeptides of 712 and 651 amino acids with molecular weights of 81.57 and 71.27 kDa respectively. They show significant sequence similarity to homologous genes in insects. The inferred amino acid sequences of tp-hsp90 and tp-hsp70 are characterized by conserved features of HSP family: the proteins contain five signature sequences of HSP90 and three signatures of HSP70, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses show that tp-hsp90 expression is up-regulated in October and December, followed by a gradual rebound in January, March and May; while tp-hsp70 expression does not change significantly during the same period. These results suggest that tp-hsp90, rather than tp-hsp70, responds to temperature changes and should play a key role in cold tolerance in Thitarodes pui.
Rowan M Emberson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphological character evolution in hepialid moths lepidoptera Hepialidae from new zealand
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2000Co-Authors: B Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Abstract Mapping morphological characters on a molecular-based phylogeny enabled examination of character evolution and an historical perspective into evolutionary processes, both of which are important aspects of systematic research and comparative biology. In this study, 63 morphological characters from hepialid moths in New Zealand were mapped on a phylogenetic tree reconstructed from mitochondrial DNA COI & II sequence data. Morphological characters hypothesized to be synapomorphies for the New Zealand « Oxycanus » lineages and « Oxycanus » lineage s.s. were confirmed to be homologous when mapped on the COI & II phylogeny. The direction of character state transformation was determined for five characters, with members of the Aenetus and Aoraia lineages exhibiting hypothesized ancestral states. Male genitalic characters were less homoplasious than other character partitions and covaried significantly with phylogeny.
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phylogenetic relationships within the genus wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae
New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Abstract The genus Wiseana Viette, part of the ’Oxycanus’ lineage s. str. (Dugdale 1994), is well known to systematists and applied scientists in New Zealand because it has proved difficult to establish the number and distribution of species, and to find characters to identify the species causing damage. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships within Wiseana using nucleotide sequence data from the ITS2 region of the nuclear, ribosomal DNA. Relationships between Wiseana signata haplotypes and W. umbraculata were resolved using the ITS2 region, and morphological and mtDNA data sets. Other relationships within the genus could not be completely resolved using ITS2, or other data sets. The advantages of combining independently derived Wiseana data sets is discussed.
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phylogeny of new zealand hepialid moths lepidoptera Hepialidae inferred from a cladistic analysis of morphological data
Systematic Entomology, 2000Co-Authors: B Brown, Rowan M Emberson, J S Dugdale, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Summary The phylogeny of the New Zealand hepialid moths was estimated from a cladistic analysis of sixty-three morphological characters, from all life cycle stages. One hundred and sixteen maximum parsimony trees were produced. The phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the currently recognized generic concepts, and the four informal lineages hypothesized in a previous morphological taxonomic revision, were monophyletic. The relationships of species within genus Wiseana were not fully resolved. Analysis of a data set of thirty-nine adult male characters from the New Zealand taxa and the Australian genera Jeana, Oxycanus and Trictena supported the monophyly of the New Zealand ‘Oxycanus’ s.s lineage.
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mitochondrial coi and ii provide useful markers for wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae species identification
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1999Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:A method for identifying the members of the endemic genus Wiseana Viette from New Zealand is described. Seven species have been described in the genus: W. cervinata (Walker), W. copularis (Meyrick), W. fuliginea (Butler), W. jocosa (Meyrick), W. mimica (Philpott), W. signata (Walker) and W. umbraculata (Guenee). No morphological characters have been identified to distinguish between the larvae of each species and adult females exhibit high levels of intra and interspecific morphological variation making identification difficult or impossible. Adult males can be distinguished by a combination of scale, antennal and genital characters, but this requires considerable taxonomic experience. Molecular markers were generated via amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI and II) of the mitochondrial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was digested with restriction enzymes to give characteristic fragment patterns. Fourteen restriction enzymes were surveyed and a combination of four of these distinguish all Wiseana taxa except W. fuliginea and W. mimica.
Barbara Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic relationships within the genus wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae
New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:Abstract The genus Wiseana Viette, part of the ’Oxycanus’ lineage s. str. (Dugdale 1994), is well known to systematists and applied scientists in New Zealand because it has proved difficult to establish the number and distribution of species, and to find characters to identify the species causing damage. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships within Wiseana using nucleotide sequence data from the ITS2 region of the nuclear, ribosomal DNA. Relationships between Wiseana signata haplotypes and W. umbraculata were resolved using the ITS2 region, and morphological and mtDNA data sets. Other relationships within the genus could not be completely resolved using ITS2, or other data sets. The advantages of combining independently derived Wiseana data sets is discussed.
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mitochondrial coi and ii provide useful markers for wiseana lepidoptera Hepialidae species identification
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1999Co-Authors: Barbara Brown, Rowan M Emberson, Adrian M PatersonAbstract:A method for identifying the members of the endemic genus Wiseana Viette from New Zealand is described. Seven species have been described in the genus: W. cervinata (Walker), W. copularis (Meyrick), W. fuliginea (Butler), W. jocosa (Meyrick), W. mimica (Philpott), W. signata (Walker) and W. umbraculata (Guenee). No morphological characters have been identified to distinguish between the larvae of each species and adult females exhibit high levels of intra and interspecific morphological variation making identification difficult or impossible. Adult males can be distinguished by a combination of scale, antennal and genital characters, but this requires considerable taxonomic experience. Molecular markers were generated via amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI and II) of the mitochondrial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was digested with restriction enzymes to give characteristic fragment patterns. Fourteen restriction enzymes were surveyed and a combination of four of these distinguish all Wiseana taxa except W. fuliginea and W. mimica.