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Robert Z. Selden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ceramic morphological organisation in the Southern Caddo Area: Quiddity of shape for Hickory Engraved bottles
2018Co-Authors: Robert Z. SeldenAbstract:This study expands upon a previous analysis of the Clarence H. Webb collection that resulted in the identification of two bottle shapes used in the manufacture of the Hickory Engraved type. The current sample of Caddo bottles adduces three-dimensional meshes from the Hickory Engraved specimens in the Webb collection, and 14 new meshes from six sites and one collection. Results confirm that in some cases Hickory Engraved bottle shapes differ significantly by site, that the two shapes identified in the Webb collection persist in this larger sample, and that morphological integration is not significant, meaning that those traits used to characterise bottle shape (rim, neck, body, and base) were not found to vary in a coordinated manner. Thus, these results do not support the hypothesis that Caddo potters adhered to a template of vessel shape associated with specific decorative motifs. When combined with the Webb sample, iterative improvements are achieved, and results demonstrate a general trend toward standardisation in Caddo bottle shapes through time.
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Ceramic morphological organisation in the Southern Caddo Area: Quiddity of shape for Hickory Engraved bottles
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Robert Z. SeldenAbstract:Abstract This study expands upon the analysis of the Clarence H. Webb collection, which resulted in the identification of two shapes used in the manufacture of Hickory Engraved bottles. The current Caddo bottle sample adduces three-dimensional meshes from the Hickory Engraved specimens in the Webb collection, and 14 new meshes from six sites and one collection. Results confirm that in some cases Hickory Engraved bottle shapes differ significantly by site, that the two shapes identified in the Webb collection persist in this larger sample, and that morphological integration is not significant, meaning that those traits used to characterise bottle shape (rim, neck, body, and base) were not found to vary in a coordinated manner. Thus, these results do not support the hypothesis that Caddo potters adhered to a template of bottle shape associated with the Hickory Engraved motif. When combined with the Webb sample, iterative improvements are achieved, and results demonstrate a general trend toward standardisation in Caddo bottle shapes through time.
Laurel J Haavik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oak decline and red oak borer outbreak impact in upland oak Hickory forests of arkansas usa
Forestry, 2012Co-Authors: Laurel J Haavik, Joshua S Jones, Larry D Galligan, James M Guldin, F M StephenAbstract:Summary Oak-Hickory forests in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas recently experienced an episode of oak mortality in concert with an outbreak of the red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)). We utilized data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service to explore changes in percent red oak (Quercus subgenus Erythrobalanus) mortality as a function of standing trees, basal area and stem density during and after the recent borer outbreak throughout the state of Arkansas. Mean red oak mortality levels in Arkansas FIA oak-Hickory plots that were sampled both during and after the borer outbreak increased from 19 ± 3 to 34 ± 4 per cent of standing red oaks, resulting in significantly reduced red oak basal area and stem density in these stands. Mean size of red oaks did not change significantly during this time period, implying that all size classes experienced mortality. After red oak borer populations subsided, oak-Hickory survey plots experienced increases in red oak mortality levels during a drought year (2006) and after an ice storm (2009), which suggests that these stress events, in addition to prior red oak borer infestation, could have had some influence on tree mortality.
F M Stephen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oak decline and red oak borer outbreak impact in upland oak Hickory forests of arkansas usa
Forestry, 2012Co-Authors: Laurel J Haavik, Joshua S Jones, Larry D Galligan, James M Guldin, F M StephenAbstract:Summary Oak-Hickory forests in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas recently experienced an episode of oak mortality in concert with an outbreak of the red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)). We utilized data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service to explore changes in percent red oak (Quercus subgenus Erythrobalanus) mortality as a function of standing trees, basal area and stem density during and after the recent borer outbreak throughout the state of Arkansas. Mean red oak mortality levels in Arkansas FIA oak-Hickory plots that were sampled both during and after the borer outbreak increased from 19 ± 3 to 34 ± 4 per cent of standing red oaks, resulting in significantly reduced red oak basal area and stem density in these stands. Mean size of red oaks did not change significantly during this time period, implying that all size classes experienced mortality. After red oak borer populations subsided, oak-Hickory survey plots experienced increases in red oak mortality levels during a drought year (2006) and after an ice storm (2009), which suggests that these stress events, in addition to prior red oak borer infestation, could have had some influence on tree mortality.
Zheng-jia Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-wide identification of lncRNAs during Hickory (Carya cathayensis) flowering.
Functional & integrative genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Tongqiang Fan, Zheng-jia Wang, Qixiang Zhang, Youjun HuangAbstract:Non-coding RNAs with lengths greater than 200 bp are known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and these RNAs play important role in gene regulation and plant development. However, to date, little is known regarding the role played by lncRNAs during flowering in Hickory (Carya cathayensis). Here, we performed whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing of samples from Hickory female and male floral buds, in which three samples (H0311PF, H0318PF, and H0402PF) represent pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering, respectively, while eight male samples collected from May 8th to June 13th as this time course are the key stage for male floral bud differentiation. We identified 2163 lncRNAs in Hickory during flowering, containing 213 intronic, 1488 intergenic, and 462 antisense lncRNAs. We noticed that 510 and 648 lncRNAs were differentially expressed corresponding to female and male floral buds, respectively. And some of the lncRNAs were in a tightly tissue-specific or stage-specific manner. To further understand the roles of the lncRNAs, we predicted the function of the lncRNAs in cis- and trans-acting modes. The results showed that 924 lncRNAs were cis-correlated with 1536 protein-coding genes, while 1207 lncRNAs co-expressed (trans-acting) with 7432 protein-coding genes (R > 0.95 or R
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the genomes of pecan and chinese Hickory provide insights into carya evolution and nut nutrition
GigaScience, 2019Co-Authors: Youjun Huang, Zheng-jia Wang, Lihong Xiao, Zhongren Zhang, Chunying Huang, Ren Huang, Yumeng Luan, Jianhua Wang, Rui Zhang, Chen ShenAbstract:BACKGROUND: Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese Hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits. RESULTS: We obtained >187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ∼288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar ("Pawnee") and a domesticated Chinese Hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese Hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
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Genome-wide analysis of miRNAs in Carya cathayensis
BMC Plant Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Zhi-chao Sun, Liang-sheng Zhang, Zheng-jia WangAbstract:BackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in plant development regulation. Hickory is an economically important plant in which the amount of flowering determines its production.ResultsHere, 51 conserved miRNAs, which belong to 16 families and 195 novel miRNAs were identified in Hickory genome. For each conserved miRNA family, we used sequences from Hickory and other plants to construct a phylogenetic tree, which shows that each family has members in Hickory. Some of the conserved miRNA families (i.e., miR167 and miR397) have more members in Hickory than in other plants because of gene expansion. MiR166 exhibited tandem duplication with three copies being observed. Many members of these conserved miRNA families were detected in Hickory flowers, and the expression patterns of target genes were opposite to those of the related miRNAs, indicating that miRNAs may have important functions in floral regulation of Hickory.ConclusionsTaken together, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to identify miRNAs produced in Hickory flower organs, demonstrating functional conservation and diversity of miRNA families among Hickory, Arabidopsis, grape, and poplar.
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development of ssr markers in Hickory carya cathayensis sarg and their transferability to other species of carya
Current Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Juan Li, Youjun Huang, Jianqin Huang, Yanru Zeng, Dengfeng Shen, Yinzhi Huang, Jun Chang, Zheng-jia WangAbstract:: Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.), an important nut-producing species in Southeastern China, has high economic value, but so far there has been no cultivar bred under species although it is mostly propagated by seeding and some elite individuals have been found. It has been found recently that this species has a certain rate of apomixis and poor knowledge of its genetic background has influenced development of a feasible breeding strategy. Here in this paper we first release SSR (Simple sequence repeat) markers developed in this species and their transferability to other three species of the same genus, Carya. A total of 311 pairs of SSR primers in Hickory were developed based on sequenced cDNAs of a fruit development-associated cDNA library and RNA-seq data of developing female floral buds and could be used to distinguish Hickory, C. hunanensis Cheng et R. H. Chang ex R. H. Chang et Lu, C. illinoensis K. Koch (pecan) and C. dabieshanensis M. C. Liu et Z. J. Li, but they were monomorphic in both Hickory and C. hunanensis although multi-alleles have been identified in all the four species. There is a transferability rate of 63.02% observed between Hickory and pecan and the markers can be applied to study genetic diversity of accessions in pecan. When used in C. dabieshanensis, it was revealed that C. dabieshanensis had the number of alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 4, observed heterozygosity from 0 to 0.6667 and expected heterozygosity from 0.333 to 0.8667, respectively, which supports the existence of C. dabieshanensis as a separate species different from Hickory and indicates that there is potential for selection and breeding in this species.
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discovery and profiling of novel and conserved micrornas during flower development in carya cathayensis via deep sequencing
Planta, 2012Co-Authors: Zheng-jia Wang, Youjun Huang, Jianqin Huang, Zheng Li, Bing Song ZhengAbstract:Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is an economically important woody plant in China, but its long juvenile phase delays yield. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of genes and important for normal plant development and physiology, including flower development. We used Solexa technology to sequence two small RNA libraries from two floral differentiation stages in Hickory to identify miRNAs related to flower development. We identified 39 conserved miRNA sequences from 114 loci belonging to 23 families as well as two novel and ten potential novel miRNAs belonging to nine families. Moreover, 35 conserved miRNA*s and two novel miRNA*s were detected. Twenty miRNA sequences from 49 loci belonging to 11 families were differentially expressed; all were up-regulated at the later stage of flower development in Hickory. Quantitative real-time PCR of 12 conserved miRNA sequences, five novel miRNA families, and two novel miRNA*s validated that all were expressed during Hickory flower development, and the expression patterns were similar to those detected with Solexa sequencing. Finally, a total of 146 targets of the novel and conserved miRNAs were predicted. This study identified a diverse set of miRNAs that were closely related to Hickory flower development and that could help in plant floral induction.
Mark S. Ashton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The demographics and regeneration dynamic of Hickory in second-growth temperate forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Aaron B. Lefland, Marlyse C. Duguid, Randall S. Morin, Mark S. AshtonAbstract:Abstract Hickory (Carya spp.) is an economically and ecologically important genus to the eastern deciduous forest of North America. Yet, much of our knowledge about the genus comes from observational and anecdotal studies that examine the genus as a whole, or from research that examines only one species, in only one part of its range. Here, we use data sets from three different spatial scales to determine the demographics and regeneration patterns of the four most abundant Hickory species in the Northeastern United States. These species were the shagbark (C. ovata), pignut (C. glabra), mockernut (C. tomentosa), and bitternut (C. cordiformis) hickories. We examine trends in Hickory demographics, age class and structure at the regional scale (New England and New York), the landscape scale (a 3000 ha forest in northwestern Connecticut) and at the stand scale (0.25–5 ha). Our analysis at all three scales show that individual Hickory species are site specific with clumped distribution patterns associated with climate and geology at regional scales; and with soil moisture and fertility at landscape scales. Although Hickory represents a fairly small percent of the total basal area (2.5%) across a forest landscape, upland oak-Hickory stands can have a much higher basal area of Hickory (49%), especially in the larger height and diameter classes. Additionally, dendrochronological results show that Hickory trees in mature, second growth forests originated or were released over a half-century long period of stand development; but patterns in seedling recruitment in the understory is continuous and builds up as advance regeneration over decades, with some surviving in a suppressed state for over forty years. This contrasts with oak where recruitment of regeneration is strongly pulsed in association with mast years.