The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sanjeev Agrawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alkaline protease from thermoactinomyces sp rs1 mitigates industrial pollution
Protoplasma, 2014Co-Authors: Amit Verma, Mohammad Ansari, Mohmmad Shahbaz Anwar, Ruchi Agrawal, Sanjeev AgrawalAbstract:Proteases have found a wide application in the several industrial processes, such as laundry detergents, protein recovery or solubilization, prion degradation, meat tenderizations, and in bating of Hides and Skins in leather industries. But the main hurdle in industrial application of proteases is their economical production on a large scale. The present investigation aimed to exploit the locally available inexpensive agricultural and household wastes for alkaline protease production using Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 via solid-state fermentation (SSF) technique. The alkaline enzyme is potentially useful as an additive in commercial detergents to mitigate pollution load due to extensive use of caustic soda-based detergents. Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 showed good protease production under SSF conditions of 55 °C, pH 9, and 50 % moisture content with potato peels as solid substrate. The presented findings revealed that crude alkaline protease produced by Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 via SSF is of potential application in silver recovery from used X-ray films.
Asit Baran Mandal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aqueous ionic liquid solutions as alternatives for sulphide-free leather processing
Green Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Ranganathan Vijayaraghavan, Asit Baran Mandal, C. Muralidharan, N. Vedaraman, Douglas R. MacfarlaneAbstract:Although sodium sulphide based depilation is still the most popular method to process animal Hides and Skins, it presents a major threat to the environment. There has been considerable research emphasis on alternative processes and technologies, but most result in sub-optimal efficiency, coupled with high costs. In this study, efficient alternatives have been developed by employing dilute aqueous solutions of selected ionic liquids. In addition to the improved process, the leather produced by this method shows better tensile strength compared to leather produced by conventional methods. Re-cycling of the active solution has also been demonstrated.
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Recovery and Utilization of Chromium-Tanned Proteinous Wastes of Leather Making: A Review
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: V. John Sundar, Chellappa Muralidharan, J. Raghavarao, Asit Baran MandalAbstract:Hides and Skins, by-products of the meat industry, are converted into a value-added product, leather, by tanners. Tanning essentially is the process of converting raw Hides and Skins into an imputrescible substance. The tanning process has number of steps and generates significant quantities of by-products and wastes. These solid and liquid wastes pose major a environmental problem if not managed effectively. Large-scale production systems are adopted for leather processing in clusters and, therefore, the industry receives focus of environmentalists and society. Consequently tremendous pressure is exerted by various pollution regulatory bodies. The Hides and Skins are treated with chemicals, which cross-link the collagen fibers to form a stable, durable material. The chemicals used may be derived from traditional vegetable products or inorganic metal salts. During leather processing a number of size-reduction, leveling, and purification operations are carried out, which results in generation of untanned a...
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Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Victor John Sundar, Chellappa Muralidharan, Narasiman Kannan Chandrababu, Arumugam Gnanamani, Asit Baran MandalAbstract:Hides and Skins, by-product of the meat industry is converted into a value added product namely leather by the tanners. Tanning essentially is the process of converting raw Hides and Skins into imputrescible substance. The tanning process has number of steps and generates significant quantities of by products and wastes. These solid and liquid wastes pose major environmental problem if not managed effectively. Large–scale production systems are adopted for leather processing in clusters and therefore, the industry receives focus of environmentalists and society. Consequently tremendous pressure is exerted by various pollution regulatory bodies. The Hides and Skins, after trimming, removal of flesh and fat, are treated with chemicals, which cross-link the collagen fibers to form a stable, durable material. The chemicals used may be derived from traditional vegetable products, or inorganic metal salts. During leather processing number of size reduction, leveling and purification operations are carried out which results in generation of untanned and tanned proteinous waste materials. In this paper, various recovery processes and utilization methodologies of proteinous solid wastes, emanating from leather processing operations prior to tanning is reviewed.
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Alternatives to Salt Preservation: Preservation by Reducing Moisture Content
Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution, 2009Co-Authors: Lonchin Suguna, Veerappan Rathinasamy, Kuttalam Iyappan, N.k. Chandrababu, Asit Baran MandalAbstract:The first step in leather processing is the preservation or curing of Hides and Skins. Conventionally 40-50% of common salt is used to preserve the Skins and Hides, which leads to an increase in the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and chlorides (Cl) in the tannery effluent. Hence, researchers are demanded to look for alternative methods of preservation with less salt or salt-less preservation. In this paper, we report the results of the investigations carried out by reducing the moisture content of the Skins using acetone and preserving them using low concentrations of boric acid. The properties and qualities of the crust leather are at par with the salt preserved Skins. Also, this method offers significant reduction in TDS in the tannery effluent. The results obtained in this study substantiated that reducing the moisture content of the Skins and Hides to certain extent and applying boric acid helps in preserving the Hides and Skins for more than a month.
Amit Verma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alkaline protease from thermoactinomyces sp rs1 mitigates industrial pollution
Protoplasma, 2014Co-Authors: Amit Verma, Mohammad Ansari, Mohmmad Shahbaz Anwar, Ruchi Agrawal, Sanjeev AgrawalAbstract:Proteases have found a wide application in the several industrial processes, such as laundry detergents, protein recovery or solubilization, prion degradation, meat tenderizations, and in bating of Hides and Skins in leather industries. But the main hurdle in industrial application of proteases is their economical production on a large scale. The present investigation aimed to exploit the locally available inexpensive agricultural and household wastes for alkaline protease production using Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 via solid-state fermentation (SSF) technique. The alkaline enzyme is potentially useful as an additive in commercial detergents to mitigate pollution load due to extensive use of caustic soda-based detergents. Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 showed good protease production under SSF conditions of 55 °C, pH 9, and 50 % moisture content with potato peels as solid substrate. The presented findings revealed that crude alkaline protease produced by Thermoactinomyces sp. RS1 via SSF is of potential application in silver recovery from used X-ray films.
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Potential of Alkaline Protease Isolated from Thermoactinomyces sp. RM4 as an Alternative to Conventional Chemicals in Leather Industry Dehairing Process
Jr. of Agril. Env. and Biotech. Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Amit Verma, Hukum Singh Pal, Rachna Singh, Sanjeev AgarwalAbstract:Alkaline proteases have found a wide application in several industrial processes, such as laundry detergents, protein recovery or solubilization, prion degradation, meat tenderizations, in bating of Hides and Skins in leather industries. The conventional methods in leather processing involve the use of sulfide, lime and other chemicals, creating environmental pollution and safety hazards. Thus, for environmental reasons, the biotreament of leather using an enzymatic approach is preferable as it offers several advantages, e.g. easy control, speed and waste reduction, thus being ecofriendly. In present study, a bacterial isolate Thermoactinomyces sp. RM4, isolated from soil sample by spread plating method on nutrient agar (pH 8) at 60.0°C. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme isolated from Thermoactinomyces sp. RM4 was found to be 10.0 and 80.0°C, respectively and retains 45% of its activity at 90°C for 3 hours. This isolate Thermoactinomyces sp. RM4 shows good dehairing of hide within short incubation time, intact hair recovery and clean pelt.
Haibin Gu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent progress in cleaner preservation of Hides and Skins
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Jiacheng Wu, Wuyong Chen, Li Zhao, Xiong Liu, Haibin GuAbstract:The Hides and Skins are flayed from animals and further processed into leathers. As the main constituent of Hides and Skins is protein, these materials are highly susceptible to bacterial action. Therefore, adequate preservation of Hides and Skins is crucial in slaughterhouses and tanneries. Preservation using sodium chloride (SC) remains the most popular curing technique worldwide due to its ease, cost-effectiveness and the quality of the finished leather produced. The use of SC (approximately 40–50% on raw Hides/Skins weight) enhances the pollution load of tannery effluent, however, which becomes highly contaminated with increased total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorides. To overcome this hurdle, researchers are constantly searching for alternative preservation techniques which are either totally void of SC or use only a small amount of SC. Based on the literature published mainly in the past decade, this review systematically and comprehensively summarizes current status and development trend about the cleaner preservation methods used in curing and soaking processes in leather industry. The discussed sodium chloride less curing methods contain SC + EDTA, SC + silica gel, SC + sodium meta-bisulphite and SC + boric acid, while the illustrated alternatives used in sodium chloride free curing methods include inorganic preservatives (potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, silicate and ozone), organic preservatives (natural and synthetic preservatives) and other chemical antiseptics. Emphasis is put on natural preservatives (paste plant formulations, essential oils, chlorophyll and bacteriocins), polyethylene glycol, ozone and physical preservative methods containing electric current, chilling and vacuum. Furthermore, several proposals are addressed for the development of eco-friendly and efficient preservation methods for Hides and Skins.
Feleke Assefa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of the status of collection, utilization and marketing of Hides and Skins in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2017Co-Authors: Amistu Kuma, Feleke AssefaAbstract:The study was conducted at Wolaita Zone Southern Ethiopia with the objective of assessing the status collection, utilization and marketing of Hides and Skins in the study area. Multi-stage sampling was employed for all sampling procedures. Three districts were purposively selected based on livestock population, intensity of fattening, degree of slaughtering frequency and number of hide and skin warehouse. From each district, three kebeles were selected randomly. From the selected kebeles, 135 households were selected randomly for interview. Farmers in the study area rear cattle mainly for multipurpose (30%), for fattening as income source (23%), for security (9.6%), for milk purpose (30%) and for draught purpose (7.4%). About 33% of the respondents reported that collectors collect hide and skin immediately after slaughtering, 53% with some delay and 13% in the next day. Forty eight percent of the respondents use hide and skin for various domestic purposes like for harness, miran, bedding material and for making chair from which majority of them use hide and skin for 'miran' (44%) and bedding ‘kurbet’(37%). Majority of the household respondents (76%) sold hide and skin to market after backyard slaughter in fresh state where as, the rest practice different types of hide and skin preservation techniques from which ground drying (57%) and smoking (24%) were common. The main factors for determination of price in the area were weight and size basis, freshness of hide and skin and absence of defects. According to the survey response, majority of producers sell their hide and skin either by price fixed by the buyers or through negotiation based on size and quality of the materials. The mean price of raw cattle hide as reported by majority of the households (57.8%) ranges from 100 to 120 Ethiopian Birr (ETB), sheep skin (69%) ranges from 50-60 ETB and goat skin (76%) ranges from 40-50 ETB. Training should be given for hide and skin collectors for timely collection to reduce spoilage and there should be hide and skin collection and marketing cooperative to have market linkage. Key words: Collection, domestic purpose, hide and skin, marketing, preservation.