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Gabriel Levin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sonographic fetal head circumference and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery
International Urogynecology Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Raanan Meyer, Amihai Rottenstreich, Michal Zamir, Hadas Ilan, Edward Ram, M Alcalay, Gabriel LevinAbstract:High Birth Weight is strongly associated with OASIS; nevertheless, it has not been determined which biometric characteristics most affect OASIS occurrence. We aimed to evaluate the association of estimated fetal head circumference with OASIS occurrence among primiparous women delivering by unassisted vaginal delivery. A retrospective study included all primiparous women who delivered at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery from 2011–2019. Women were allocated to two groups: (1) those who experienced OASIS and (2) those who did not experience OASIS. Risk factors for OASIS were analyzed. Overall, 7646 women were included in the study cohort. Of those, 119/7646 (1.6%; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9%) experienced OASIS. Sonographic head circumference and Birth Weight did not vary between groups. Prolonged second stage was more common in the OASIS group [23 (19%) vs. 986 (13.3%), 1.58 OR (95% CI 1.003–2.51, p = 0.04)]. Absence of epidural analgesia was more common in the OASIS group [30 (25%) vs. 1197 (15.9%), 1.8 OR (95% CI 1.1–2.7, p = 0.006)]. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lack of epidural analgesia and duration of second stage of labor were both independently positively associated with OASIS [adjusted OR 2.67 (95% CI 1.55–4.62), p < 0.001, adjusted OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.11–1.43), p < 0.001, respectively)]. Sonographic head circumference and Birth Weight are not associated with OASIS occurrence among primiparous women delivering by an unassisted vaginal delivery. Prolonged second stage and the use of epidural analgesia are modifiable risk factors among these women.
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sonographic fetal head circumference and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery
International Urogynecology Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Raanan Meyer, Amihai Rottenstreich, Michal Zamir, Hadas Ilan, Edward Ram, M Alcalay, Gabriel LevinAbstract:INTRODUCTION High Birth Weight is strongly associated with OASIS; nevertheless, it has not been determined which biometric characteristics most affect OASIS occurrence. We aimed to evaluate the association of estimated fetal head circumference with OASIS occurrence among primiparous women delivering by unassisted vaginal delivery. METHODS A retrospective study included all primiparous women who delivered at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery from 2011-2019. Women were allocated to two groups: (1) those who experienced OASIS and (2) those who did not experience OASIS. Risk factors for OASIS were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 7646 women were included in the study cohort. Of those, 119/7646 (1.6%; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9%) experienced OASIS. Sonographic head circumference and Birth Weight did not vary between groups. Prolonged second stage was more common in the OASIS group [23 (19%) vs. 986 (13.3%), 1.58 OR (95% CI 1.003-2.51, p = 0.04)]. Absence of epidural analgesia was more common in the OASIS group [30 (25%) vs. 1197 (15.9%), 1.8 OR (95% CI 1.1-2.7, p = 0.006)]. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lack of epidural analgesia and duration of second stage of labor were both independently positively associated with OASIS [adjusted OR 2.67 (95% CI 1.55-4.62), p < 0.001, adjusted OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.11-1.43), p < 0.001, respectively)]. CONCLUSION Sonographic head circumference and Birth Weight are not associated with OASIS occurrence among primiparous women delivering by an unassisted vaginal delivery. Prolonged second stage and the use of epidural analgesia are modifiable risk factors among these women.
Andreas Plagemann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Birth Weight and long term overWeight risk systematic review and a meta analysis including 643 902 persons from 66 studies and 26 countries globally
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Karen Schellong, Thomas Harder, Sandra Schulz, Andreas PlagemannAbstract:Background OverWeight is among the major challenging health risk factors. It has been claimed that Birth Weight, being a critical indicator of prenatal developmental conditions, is related to long-term overWeight risk. In order to check this important assumption of developmental and preventive medicine, we performed a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods and Findings Relevant studies published up to January 2011 that investigated the relation between Birth Weight and later risk of overWeight were identified through literature searches using MEDLINE and EMBASE. For meta-analysis, 66 studies from 26 countries and five continents were identified to be eligible, including 643,902 persons aged 1 to 75 years. We constructed random-effects and fixed-effects models, performed subgroup-analyses, influence-analyses, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, performed meta-regression analysis as well as analysis of confounder adjusted data. Meta-regression revealed a linear positive relationship between Birth Weight and later overWeight risk (p 4,000 g) was associated with increased risk of overWeight (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.55–1.77). Results did not change significantly by using normal Birth Weight (2,500–4,000 g) as reference category (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84, and OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.45–1.77, respectively). Subgroup- and influence-analyses revealed no indication for bias/confounding. Adjusted estimates indicate a doubling of long-term overWeight risk in High as compared to normal Birth Weight subjects (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.43–2.67). Conclusions Findings demonstrate that low Birth Weight is followed by a decreased long-term risk of overWeight, while High Birth Weight predisposes for later overWeight. Preventing in-utero overnutrition, e.g., by avoiding maternal overnutrition, overWeight and/or diabetes during pregnancy, might therefore be a promising strategy of genuine overWeight prevention, globally.
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Birth Weight and subsequent risk of childhood primary brain tumors a meta analysis
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008Co-Authors: Thomas Harder, Andreas Plagemann, Anja HarderAbstract:The etiology of primary brain tumors is largely unknown. Since a peak of incidence occurs during childhood, factors operating very early in life might play a key role. Previous studies have suggested that High Birth Weight is associated with an increased brain tumor risk. The authors conducted a meta-analysis on the association between Birth Weight and risk of specific histologic types of primary brain tumors. They included published studies (1966-2007) that reported odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for brain tumors associated with Birth Weight. The authors identified eight studies involving 1,748,964 children, of whom 4,162 suffered from brain tumors of three histologic types (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma). For astrocytoma, High Birth Weight (>4,000 g) was associated with increased risk (odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.79), with each 1,000-g increase in Birth Weight being associated with a 19% (95% CI: 4, 36) increase in risk. For medulloblastoma, High Birth Weight was also positively associated with increased risk (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.60). No association was found for ependymoma. These findings indicate that Birth Weight is related to the development of childhood brain tumors, with High Birth Weight being a risk factor for the two most common types of brain tumors.
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Birth Weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes a meta analysis
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Harder, E Rodekamp, Karen Schellong, J W Dudenhausen, Andreas PlagemannAbstract:The "small baby syndrome hypothesis" suggests that an inverse linear relation exists between Birth Weight and risk of type 2 diabetes. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to examine this association. They included studies that reported odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (or data with which to calculate them) for the association of type 2 diabetes with Birth Weight. Fourteen studies involving a total of 132,180 persons were identified. Low Birth Weight ( /=2,500 g, was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.64). High Birth Weight (>4,000 g), as compared with a Birth Weight of risk to the same extent (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.59). Pooled estimates increased further when normal Birth Weight (2,500-4,000 g) was used as the reference category (low Birth Weight: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.72; High Birth Weight: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.73). Meta-regression and categorical analyses showed a U-shaped relation between Birth Weight and diabetes risk. These findings indicate that there exists a relation between Birth Weight and later-life risk of type 2 diabetes which is not linearly inverse but U-shaped.
David I W Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fetal programming of body composition relation between Birth Weight and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry and anthropometric methods in older englishmen
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Osama A Kensara, David I W Phillips, Steve Wootton, Mayke Patel, Alan A Jackson, M EliaAbstract:Background: Reduced fetal growth is associated with differences in body composition in adult life that may predispose to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Most published data are based on simple anthropometric measures, which incompletely describe body composition. Objective: The objective was to assess body composition and fat distribution by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Design: This was a case-control study of 64–72-y-old white men (n = 32) with a low (x: 2.76 kg) or High (x: 4.23 kg) Birth Weight. Results: Compared with the High-Birth-Weight group, after adjustment for Weight and height, the low-Birth-Weight group had a Higher percentage body fat (29.31% compared with 25.33%; P = 0.029) and fat mass (P = 0.039) but a lower fat-free soft tissue (56.32 compared with 59.22 kg; P = 0.024), muscle mass (27.25 compared with 29.22 kg; P = 0.022), and muscle-to-fat ratio. Low Birth Weight was also associated with a Higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio after control for total fat mass (1.42 compared with 1.16; P = 0.005) or percentage body fat (P = 0.041). The same body mass index predicted a greater percentage body fat (P = 0.019) in the low- than in the High-Birth-Weight group, and the same ratio of trunk-to-limb skinfold thickness (or waist-to-hip ratio) predicted a Higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio (P Conclusion: Lifelong differences in adult body composition and fat distribution between the low- and High-Birth-Weight groups are consistent with programming in early life. The use of BMI to predict percentage body fat and the use of the trunk-to-limb skinfold thickness ratio (and waist-to-hip ratio) to predict the trunk-to-limb fat ratio measured by DXA can be misleading when low- and High-Birth-Weight groups are compared.
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does body mass index reflect percentage body fat and body fat distribution in low and High Birth Weight subjects
2004Co-Authors: Osama Adnan Kensara, S A Wootton, David I W Phillips, Mayank Patel, M EliaAbstract:Background: Birth Weight has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in later life, but the mechanisms are poorly defined. It is not clear if adults with low and High Birth Weights have different percent body fat and pattern of fat distribution, which are associated with health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to assess if the percentage body fat and its distribution within the body differ between adults with a low and High Birth Weight, after adjusting for BMI. Methods: A total of 29 men aged 65-72 y old were recruited randomly from a Hertfordshire cohort with known Birth Weight and divided into two groups: a low Birth Weight group ( 9 lbs). Body composition was assessed using DEXA Hologic Delphin and the results were processed using software v12.2, and expressed as mean +/-standard error. Results: Compared to the High Birth Weight group the low Birth Weight subjects were shorter (1.72 +/- 0.02 v 1.78 +/- 0.02m; P=0.05) and lighter (79.44 +/- 2.17 v 88.80 +/- 3.42 kg; P = 0.02). The low Birth Weight group also had a greater % body fat (28.71 +/- 1.03 v 25.53 +/- 1.85%; NS) despite a lower BMI (26.76 +/- 0.50 v 28.00 +/- 1.17 kg/m2; NS). When adjusted to the same BMI (27.31 kg/m2) using ANCOVA, there was about 5% more body fat (29.32 +/- 1.03 v 24.77+/-1.15 %; P=0.006) and more centrally located fat (ratio of non limb/ limb fat, 1.53 +/- 0.05 v 1.34 +/- 0.06; P=0.03). Conclusion: At the same BMI, older adults with a low Birth Weight had relatively more body fat and more centrally distributed fat than those with a High Birth Weight. This suggests that BMI should not be indiscriminately used to assess adiposity in low and High Birth Weight adults. The results could also help explain the Higher risk of cardiovascular disease associated with poor fetal growth.
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altered control of cortisol secretion in adult men with low Birth Weight and cardiovascular risk factors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001Co-Authors: Rebecca M Reynolds, Brian R Walker, Holly E Syddall, Ruth Andrew, P J Wood, C B Whorwood, David I W PhillipsAbstract:It has been suggested that increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may link low Birth Weight with subsequent development of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Two hundred and five men, aged 66–77 yr, who were born and still live in East Hertfordshire underwent an overnight very low dose (0.25 mg) dexamethasone suppression test followed by a low dose 1-μg ACTH-(1–24) stimulation test. A 24-h urine sample was collected for analysis of cortisol metabolites by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. Men with lower Birth Weight had enhanced responses of plasma cortisol to ACTH-(1–24) (P = 0.03), increased total urinary cortisol metabolite excretion (after adjustment for confounding effects of increased obesity and lean body mass in High Birth Weight men; P = 0.04), but no difference in plasma cortisol after dexamethasone. Features of the metabolic syndrome were independently associated with enhanced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH-(1–24) (raised blood pressure, P = 0.02...
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altered control of cortisol secretion in adult men with low Birth Weight and cardiovascular risk factors
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001Co-Authors: Rebecca M Reynolds, Brian R Walker, Holly E Syddall, Ruth Andrew, P J Wood, C B Whorwood, David I W PhillipsAbstract:It has been suggested that increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may link low Birth Weight with subsequent development of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Two hundred and five men, aged 66–77 yr, who were born and still live in East Hertfordshire underwent an overnight very low dose (0.25 mg) dexamethasone suppression test followed by a low dose 1-μg ACTH-(1–24) stimulation test. A 24-h urine sample was collected for analysis of cortisol metabolites by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. Men with lower Birth Weight had enhanced responses of plasma cortisol to ACTH-(1–24) (P = 0.03), increased total urinary cortisol metabolite excretion (after adjustment for confounding effects of increased obesity and lean body mass in High Birth Weight men; P = 0.04), but no difference in plasma cortisol after dexamethasone. Features of the metabolic syndrome were independently associated with enhanced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH-(1–24) (raised blood pressure, P = 0.02...
K K Ong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact on offspring methylation patterns of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restraint suggest common genes and pathways linked to subsequent type 2 diabetes risk
The FASEB Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Claire R Quilter, Wendy N Cooper, Kerry M Cliffe, Benjamin M Skinner, Philippa Prentice, Latasha Nelson, Julien Bauer, K K OngAbstract:Size at Birth, postnatal Weight gain, and adult risk for type 2 diabetes may reflect environmental exposures during developmental plasticity and may be mediated by epigenetics. Both low Birth Weight (BW), as a marker of fetal growth restraint, and High Birth Weight (BW), especially after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), have been linked to increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes. We assessed DNA methylation patterns using a bead chip in cord blood samples from infants of mothers with GDM (group 1) and infants with prenatal growth restraint indicated by rapid postnatal catch-up growth (group 2), compared with infants with normal postnatal growth (group 3). Seventy-five CpG loci were differentially methylated in groups 1 and 2 compared with the controls (group 3), representing 72 genes, many relevant to growth and diabetes. In replication studies using similar methodology, many of these differentially methylated regions were associated with levels of maternal glucose exposure below that defined by GDM [the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study] or were identified as changes observed after randomized periconceptional nutritional supplementation in a Gambian cohort characterized by maternal deprivation. These studies provide support for the concept that similar epigenetic modifications may underpin different prenatal exposures and potentially increase long-term risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Mika Gissler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High Birth Weight and large for gestational age in singletons born after frozen compared to fresh embryo transfer by gestational week a nordic register study from the conartas group
Human Reproduction, 2021Co-Authors: A Terho, Anja Pinborg, Liv Bente Romundstad, S Pelkonen, Signe Opdahl, Christina Bergh, U B Wennerholm, Annakarina Aaris Henningsen, Mika GisslerAbstract:STUDY QUESTION When do the differences in Birth Weights become apparent between singletons born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) and fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET)? SUMMARY ANSWER Mean Birth Weights after FET become significantly Higher starting from gestational week (GW) 33 among boys and from GW 34 among girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In recent years, there has been a steep rise in recorded FET treatments, enabling widespread use of elective single embryo transfer, thus reducing the risks associated with multiple gestations. However, singletons born after FET are heavier and there is a Higher risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) (Birth Weight > 90 percentiles) compared to fresh ET. In contrast, risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA, Birth Weight < 10 percentiles) is lower in singletons born after FET compared to fresh ET. The reasons, timing and consequences of these differences remain largely unclear. There is limited evidence about whether this difference in growth develops before the last trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective Nordic register-based cohort study compared singletons born after FET (n = 17 500) to singletons born after fresh ET (n = 69 510) and natural conception (NC, n = 3 311 588). All live born singletons born between the years 2000 and 2015 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden at gestational age ≥22 weeks were included from the population-based Committee of Nordic ART and Safety (CoNARTaS) study population. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Children born after FET were compared to those born after fresh ET and NC for mean Birth Weight and proportion of LGA and SGA for each GW at Birth. Chi-square test and tests for relative proportions were used to compare categorical variables and Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for LGA and SGA were calculated using logistic regressions, adjusting for year of Birth, maternal age, parity, BMI, chronic hypertension, diabetes, smoking and offspring sex. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mean Birth Weights were significantly Higher after FET compared to fresh ET starting from GW 33 (range from 75 g to 228 g by week) for boys and starting from GW 34 (range from 90 g to 236 g by week) for girls. Boys born after FET had a significantly Higher proportion of LGA (11.0-15.1%) at Birth between GW 36 and 42, compared to those born after fresh ET (7.1-9.4%) (range from P < 0.001 to P = 0.048 by week). For girls born after FET, the difference was seen between GW 37 and 42 (10.6-13.4%) compared to those born after fresh ET (6.6-8.0%) (range from P < 0.001 to P = 0.009 by week).The proportion of SGA was significantly lower among boys born after FET (7.6-8.7%) compared to fresh ET (11.9-13.6%) between GW 36 and 42 (range from P < 0.001 to P = 0.016 by week). For girls born after FET, the difference was seen between GW 38 and 42 (7.0-9.3%) compared to those born after fresh ET (13.0-14.6%) (P < 0.001). The proportion of LGA (12.3-15.1%) was significantly Higher for boys born after FET between GW 38 and 41 (P < 0.001) and for girls born after FET (12.6-13.4%) between GW 37 and 40 (range from P < 0.001 to P = 0.018 by week), compared to naturally conceived boys (9.7-9.9%) and girls (9.0-10.0%). All singletons born after FET had a Higher risk of LGA compared to singletons born after fresh ET (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.76-1.98) and singletons born after NC (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22-1.35). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There may be residual confounding factors that we were not able to control for, most importantly the causes of preterm Birth, which may also influence foetal growth. A further limitation is that we have no knowledge on growth patterns between implantation and GW 22. Finally, the number of children born extremely preterm or post-term was limited even in this large study population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is, to date, the largest study on Birth Weights among preterm and term ART singletons with a population-based design and NC control group. The results suggest that the freeze-thaw process is associated with Higher BirthWeights and greater risk of LGA at least in the last trimester of pregnancy. This is an important aspect of the safety profile of ART. More research is needed on the long-term outcome of these children. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The CoNARTaS collaboration has received the following funding: the Nordic Trial Alliance: a pilot project jointly funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers and NordForsk [71450], the Central Norway Regional Health Authorities [46045000], the Norwegian Cancer Society [182356-2016], the Nordic Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology [NF13041, NF15058, NF16026 and NF17043], the Interreg Oresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak European Regional Development Fund (ReproUnion project) and the Research Council of Norway's Centre of Excellence funding scheme [262700]. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN11780826.
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work as a nurse and a midwife and adverse pregnancy outcomes a finnish nationwide population based study
Journal of Womens Health, 2009Co-Authors: Reginald Quansah, Mika Gissler, Jouni J K JaakkolaAbstract:Abstract Objective: To assess whether work as a nurse and a midwife during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: We identified from the 1990–2006 Finnish Medical Birth Registry all singleton Births to nurses (n = 109,542), midwives (n = 3,009), and teachers (n = 23,454) (referents). The main outcomes were sexual differentiation, low and High Birth Weight, preterm and postterm delivery, small and large for gestational age, and perinatal death. Results: The prevalence of low Birth Weight (2.9% vs. 2.5%), preterm delivery (4.4% vs. 4.1%), postterm delivery (4.7% vs. 4.1%), small for gestational age (1.8% vs. 1.4%), perinatal death (0.45% vs. 0.41%) and stillBirth (0.30% vs. 0.25%) was Higher among the newborns of nurses than those of teachers. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) from generalized estimating equations was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.26) for low Birth Weight, 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.16) for preterm delivery, 1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.18) for postterm delivery, 1.17 (...