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Gilles Fromentin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preabsorptive factors are not the main determinants of intake depression induced by a High-Protein Diet in the rat
Physiology & behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Diane L'heureux-bouron, Ahmed Bensaid, Daniel Tome, Celine Morens, Magali Lacroix, Jean François Huneau, Gilles FromentinAbstract:The factors involved in the depression of food intake produced by a High-Protein Diet are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the role of several preingestive or preabsorptive factors likely to influence food intake when rats were fed ad libitum. Food intake was measured after modifying the composition of the High-Protein Diet, i.e., the type of Proteins, or carbohydrates. Moreover, correlations between High-Protein Diet intake and the quantity of fluid ingested or stomach volume were studied. By varying the carbohydrate composition (sucrose/cornstarch) and the Protein source (soy or gluten or total milk Protein) of High-Protein Diets, we modified the orosensory properties of these Diets. However, no differences in food intake were observed between these groups of rats during the transition phase or after adaptation, except during the first day of soy- or gluten-based Diets when the depression of food intake was intensified. The depression of High-Protein Diet intake was neither the consequence of any delay necessary to increase the fluid intake induced by eating a High-Protein Diet nor due to a marked increase in stomach volume, which might explain enhanced satiety and decreased food intake through the activation of vagal afferent fibers. Our experiments do not indicate a preponderant role for oropharyngeal or preabsorptive factors in the depression of food intake induced by a High-Protein Diet.
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Total Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy Does Not Suppress High Protein Diet–Induced Food Intake Depression in Rats
The Journal of nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Diane L’heureux-bouron, Daniel Tome, Patrick C Even, Olivier Rampin, Christiane Larue-achagiotis, Gilles FromentinAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve is involved in the depression of food intake induced by the ingestion of a High Protein Diet (P50) in rats. After total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vago group) or sham surgery (Sham group), rats consumed the control Diet for a 2-wk recovery period and then both groups consumed the High Protein Diet for 16 d. Daily food intake, meal pattern analysis and behavioral satiety sequence were measured. Total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not modify the daily intake of the control Diet or suppress the dramatic depression in food intake produced by acute transition to a High Protein Diet. However, the daily intake of a High Protein Diet was slightly reduced under acute conditions or even after adaptation (P < 0.005). Analysis of meal parameters and the behavioral satiety sequence after adaptation indicated no major metabolic distress. In conclusion, these results suggest that the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve does not constitute an obligatory pathway for the transfer of information to the brain, resulting in a depression of High Protein Diet intake. In contrast, a defect in this visceral regulating system could reinforce the metabolic-associated food intake depression signal.
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total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy does not suppress High Protein Diet induced food intake depression in rats
Journal of Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Diane Lheureuxbouron, Daniel Tome, Patrick C Even, Christiane Larueachagiotis, Olivier Rampin, Gilles FromentinAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve is involved in the depression of food intake induced by the ingestion of a High Protein Diet (P50) in rats. After total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vago group) or sham surgery (Sham group), rats consumed the control Diet for a 2-wk recovery period and then both groups consumed the High Protein Diet for 16 d. Daily food intake, meal pattern analysis and behavioral satiety sequence were measured. Total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not modify the daily intake of the control Diet or suppress the dramatic depression in food intake produced by acute transition to a High Protein Diet. However, the daily intake of a High Protein Diet was slightly reduced under acute conditions or even after adaptation (P < 0.005). Analysis of meal parameters and the behavioral satiety sequence after adaptation indicated no major metabolic distress. In conclusion, these results suggest that the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve does not constitute an obligatory pathway for the transfer of information to the brain, resulting in a depression of High Protein Diet intake. In contrast, a defect in this visceral regulating system could reinforce the metabolic-associated food intake depression signal.
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a High Protein Diet enhances satiety without conditioned taste aversion in the rat
Physiology & Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Ahmed Bensaid, Daniel Tome, Diane Lheureuxbourdon, Patrick C Even, Dorothy W Gietzen, Celine Morens, Claire Gaudichon, Christiane Larueachagiotis, Gilles FromentinAbstract:In order to determine the respective roles of conditioned food aversion, satiety and palatability, we studied behavioral responses to a 50% total milk Protein Diet, compared with those to a normal Protein Diet containing 14% total milk Protein. Different paradigms were employed, including meal pattern analysis, two-choice testing, flavor testing, a behavioral satiety sequence (BSS) and taste reactivity. Our experiments showed that only behavioral and food intake parameters were disturbed during the first day when an animal ate the High-Protein (P50) Diet, and that most parameters returned to baseline values as soon as the second day of P50. Rats adapted to P50 did not acquire a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) but exhibited satiety, and a normal BSS. The initial reduction in High-Protein Diet intake appeared to result from the lower palatability of the food combined with the satiety effect of the High-Protein Diet and the delay required for metabolic adaptation to the Higher Protein level.
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metabolic evidence for adaptation to a High Protein Diet in rats
Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Clementine Jean, Gilles Fromentin, Jean François Huneau, Veronique Mathe, Sophie Rome, Najat Aattouri, Christiane Larue Achagiotis, Daniel TomeAbstract:This study was designed to assess the effects of long-term adaptation to a High Protein Diet on energy intake, body weight gain, body composition and splanchnic metabolic indicators in rats. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were fed either a 50 g/100 g dry matter (DM) Protein Diet (P50 group) or a 14 g/100 g DM Protein Diet (P14 group) for 21 d. These two groups were compared with a P14 pair-fed (P14-pf) group that consumed the same daily energy as the P50 group. The energy intake of the P50 group was 16 +/- 1% less than that of the P14 group (P < 0.05), and the P50 group had significantly lower body weight. The P50 group had significantly less adipose tissue compared with both P14 and P14-pf rats. The activities of the brush border membrane enzymes, neutral aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, were significantly Higher in the P50 group than in the P14 rats. Similarly, the activities of alanine aminotransferase, arginase and serine dehydratase were significantly Higher in the liver of P50 rats compared with P14 rats. Both amino acid transporter system A and X(A,G-) activities, measured in freshly isolated hepatocytes, were significantly Higher in the P50 group (8- and 1.5-fold, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with the P14 group. The 1.5-fold increase in the steady-state activity of X(A,G-) was accompanied by a doubling of EAAT2 mRNA, involved in the system X(A,G-). This study provides confirmation that specific biochemical and molecular adaptive processes of the splanchnic area are involved in the response to variations in the Protein content of the Diet.
Jose Antonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a High Protein Diet has no harmful effects a one year crossover study in resistance trained males
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Richard Buehn, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a High Protein Diet over a one-year period. Fourteen healthy resistance-trained men completed the study (mean ± SD; age yr; height cm; and average years of training yr). In a randomized crossover design, subjects consumed their habitual or normal Diet for 2 months and 4 months and alternated that with a Higher Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/d) for 2 months and 4 months. Thus, on average, each subject was on their normal Diet for 6 months and a Higher Protein Diet for 6 months. Body composition was assessed via the Bod Pod®. Each subject provided approximately 100–168 daily Dietary self-reports. During the subjects’ normal eating phase, they consumed (mean ± SD) kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. This significantly increased () during the High Protein phase to kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. Our investigation discovered that, in resistance-trained men that consumed a High Protein Diet (~2.51–3.32 g/kg/d) for one year, there were no harmful effects on measures of blood lipids as well as liver and kidney function. In addition, despite the total increase in energy intake during the High Protein phase, subjects did not experience an increase in fat mass.
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The effects of a High Protein Diet on indices of health and body composition – a crossover trial in resistance-trained men
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas, Corey PeacockAbstract:Background Eight weeks of a High Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/day) coupled with a periodized heavy resistance training program has been shown to positively affect body composition with no deleterious effects on health. Using a randomized, crossover design, resistance-trained male subjects underwent a 16-week intervention (i.e., two 8-week periods) in which they consumed either their normal (i.e., habitual) or a Higher Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/day). Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain if significantly increasing Protein intake would affect clinical markers of health (i.e., lipids, kidney function, etc.) as well as performance and body composition in young males with extensive resistance training experience. Methods Twelve healthy resistance-trained men volunteered for this study (mean ± SD: age 25.9 ± 3.7 years; height 178.0 ± 8.5 cm; years of resistance training experience 7.6 ± 3.6) with 11 subjects completing most of the assessments. In a randomized crossover trial, subjects were tested at baseline and after two 8-week treatment periods (i.e., habitual [normal] Diet and High Protein Diet) for body composition, measures of health (i.e., blood lipids, comprehensive metabolic panel) and performance. Each subject maintained a food diary for the 16-week treatment period (i.e., 8 weeks on their normal or habitual Diet and 8 weeks on a High Protein Diet). Each subject provided a food diary of two weekdays and one weekend day per week. In addition, subjects kept a diary of their training regimen that was used to calculate total work performed. Results During the normal and High Protein phase of the treatment period, subjects consumed 2.6 ± 0.8 and 3.3 ± 0.8 g/kg/day of Dietary Protein, respectively. The mean Protein intake over the 4-month period was 2.9 ± 0.9 g/kg/day. The High Protein group consumed significantly more calories and Protein ( p
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a High Protein Diet 3 4 g kg d combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women a follow up investigation
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The consumption of a High Protein Diet (>4 g/kg/d) in trained men and women who did not alter their exercise program has been previously shown to have no significant effect on body composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a High Protein Diet in conjunction with a periodized heavy resistance training program would affect indices of body composition, performance and health. Forty-eight healthy resistance-trained men and women completed this study (mean ± SD; Normal Protein group [NP n = 17, four female and 13 male]: 24.8 ± 6.9 yr; 174.0 ± 9.5 cm height; 74.7 ± 9.6 kg body weight; 2.4 ± 1.7 yr of training; High Protein group [HP n = 31, seven female and 24 male]: 22.9 ± 3.1 yr; 172.3 ± 7.7 cm; 74.3 ± 12.4 kg; 4.9 ± 4.1 yr of training). Moreover, all subjects participated in a split-routine, periodized heavy resistance-training program. Training and daily Diet logs were kept by each subject. Subjects in the NP and HP groups were instructed to consume their baseline (~2 g/kg/d) and >3 g/kg/d of Dietary Protein, respectively. Subjects in the NP and HP groups consumed 2.3 and 3.4 g/kg/day of Dietary Protein during the treatment period. The NP group consumed significantly (p < 0.05) more Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. The HP group consumed more (p < 0.05) total energy and Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more (p < 0.05) total calories and Protein compared to the NP group. There were significant time by group (p ≤ 0.05) changes in body weight (change: +1.3 ± 1.3 kg NP, −0.1 ± 2.5 HP), fat mass (change: −0.3 ± 2.2 kg NP, −1.7 ± 2.3 HP), and % body fat (change: −0.7 ± 2.8 NP, −2.4 ± 2.9 HP). The NP group gained significantly more body weight than the HP group; however, the HP group experienced a greater decrease in fat mass and % body fat. There was a significant time effect for FFM; however, there was a non-significant time by group effect for FFM (change: +1.5 ± 1.8 NP, +1.5 ± 2.2 HP). Furthermore, a significant time effect (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in both groups vis a vis improvements in maximal strength (i.e., 1-RM squat and bench) vertical jump and pull-ups; however, there were no significant time by group effects (p ≥ 0.05) for all exercise performance measures. Additionally, there were no changes in any of the blood parameters (i.e., basic metabolic panel). Consuming a High Protein Diet (3.4 g/kg/d) in conjunction with a heavy resistance-training program may confer benefits with regards to body composition. Furthermore, there is no evidence that consuming a High Protein Diet has any deleterious effects.
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the effects of consuming a High Protein Diet 4 4 g kg d on body composition in resistance trained individuals
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Corey A Peacock, Brandon Fromhoff, Tobin SilverAbstract:The consumption of Dietary Protein is important for resistance-trained individuals. It has been posited that intakes of 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day are needed for physically active individuals. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a very High Protein Diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained men and women. Thirty healthy resistance-trained individuals participated in this study (mean ± SD; age: 24.1 ± 5.6 yr; height: 171.4 ± 8.8 cm; weight: 73.3 ± 11.5 kg). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (CON) or High Protein (HP). The CON group was instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits over the course of the 8 week study. The HP group was instructed to consume 4.4 grams of Protein per kg body weight daily. They were also instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits (e.g. maintain the same fat and carbohydrate intake). Body composition (Bod Pod®), training volume (i.e. volume load), and food intake were determined at baseline and over the 8 week treatment period. The HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories pre vs post (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories than the CON (p < 0.05). The HP group consumed on average 307 ± 69 grams of Protein compared to 138 ± 42 in the CON. When expressed per unit body weight, the HP group consumed 4.4 ± 0.8 g/kg/d of Protein versus 1.8 ± 0.4 g/kg/d in the CON. There were no changes in training volume for either group. Moreover, there were no significant changes over time or between groups for body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, or percent body fat. Consuming 5.5 times the recommended daily allowance of Protein has no effect on body composition in resistance-trained individuals who otherwise maintain the same training regimen. This is the first interventional study to demonstrate that consuming a hypercaloric High Protein Diet does not result in an increase in body fat.
Daniel Tome - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Hepatic AMPK in Metabolic Adaptation under High-Protein Diet
FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Tristan Chalvon-demersay, Daniel Tome, Patrick Even, Benoit Viollet, Catherine Chaumontet, Marc Foretz, Dalila Azzout-marnicheAbstract:High Protein Diets are recognized to reduce food intake and body fat gain. As hepatic AMPK is involved in the transduction of both amino acid signals and energy sensing, we tested the hypothesis that High Protein Diets can affect metabolism via this pathway. We, therefore, compared the metabolic responses of wild type and liver-specific AMPK-KO mice to a low, normal and High Protein Diet. 24 wild–type (WT) and 24 liver specific AMPK-KO (KO) C57BL/6 mice were respectively split in 3 groups (N=8/group) fed during 3 weeks on a low (5%, LP) normal (14%, NP) and High (55%, HP) Protein Diet. Food intake was measured, body composition was followed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and changes in the rates of glucose and lipid oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry following ingestion of a calibrated test meal. No difference in fat mass gain or food intake was observed between WT and KO mice under LP and HP Diet but KO mice tended to eat more and to gain less fat mass when fed the NP Diet. Results from indirect calorimetry showed that in KO mice fed the HP and LP Diets the increase in glucose oxidation and decrease in lipid oxidation induced by ingestion of the test meal were of lower amplitude than in WT mice. Under NP Diet, the responses were of the same amplitude but occurred with a delay of ~2 hours. This study suggests that consequences of the knockout of liver AMPK on energy homeostasis depend on the Protein content of the Diet; we observed no significant effect under LP and HP despite significant alterations of post-meal glucose and lipid metabolism. In contrast, we observed reduced energy efficiency under NP Diet associated with delayed changes in fuel oxidations after meal ingestion.
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a long term High Protein Diet markedly reduces adipose tissue without major side effects in wistar male rats
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Magali Lacroix, Daniel Tome, Celine Morens, Claire Gaudichon, Antoine Martin, Veronique Mathe, Jean François HuneauAbstract:Although there is a considerable interest of High-Protein, low-carbohydrate Diets to manage weight control, their safety is still the subject of considerable debate. They are suspected to be detrimental to the renal and hepatic functions, calcium balance, and insulin sensitivity. However, the long-term effects of a High-Protein Diet on a broad range of parameters have not been investigated. We studied the effects of a High-Protein Diet in rats over a period of 6 mo. Forty-eight Wistar male rats received either a normal-Protein (NP: 14% Protein) or High-Protein (HP: 50% Protein) Diet. Detailed body composition, plasma hormones and nutrients, liver and kidney histopathology, hepatic markers of oxidative stress and detoxification, and the calcium balance were investigated. No major alterations of the liver and kidneys were found in HP rats, whereas NP rats exhibited massive hepatic steatosis. The calcium balance was unchanged, and detoxification markers (GSH and GST) were enhanced moderately in the HP group. In contrast, HP rats showed a sharp reduction in white adipose tissue and lower basal concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, leptin, and insulin. Our study suggests that the long-term consumption of an HP Diet in male rats has no deleterious effects and could prevent metabolic syndrome.
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Preabsorptive factors are not the main determinants of intake depression induced by a High-Protein Diet in the rat
Physiology & behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Diane L'heureux-bouron, Ahmed Bensaid, Daniel Tome, Celine Morens, Magali Lacroix, Jean François Huneau, Gilles FromentinAbstract:The factors involved in the depression of food intake produced by a High-Protein Diet are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the role of several preingestive or preabsorptive factors likely to influence food intake when rats were fed ad libitum. Food intake was measured after modifying the composition of the High-Protein Diet, i.e., the type of Proteins, or carbohydrates. Moreover, correlations between High-Protein Diet intake and the quantity of fluid ingested or stomach volume were studied. By varying the carbohydrate composition (sucrose/cornstarch) and the Protein source (soy or gluten or total milk Protein) of High-Protein Diets, we modified the orosensory properties of these Diets. However, no differences in food intake were observed between these groups of rats during the transition phase or after adaptation, except during the first day of soy- or gluten-based Diets when the depression of food intake was intensified. The depression of High-Protein Diet intake was neither the consequence of any delay necessary to increase the fluid intake induced by eating a High-Protein Diet nor due to a marked increase in stomach volume, which might explain enhanced satiety and decreased food intake through the activation of vagal afferent fibers. Our experiments do not indicate a preponderant role for oropharyngeal or preabsorptive factors in the depression of food intake induced by a High-Protein Diet.
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total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy does not suppress High Protein Diet induced food intake depression in rats
Journal of Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Diane Lheureuxbouron, Daniel Tome, Patrick C Even, Christiane Larueachagiotis, Olivier Rampin, Gilles FromentinAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve is involved in the depression of food intake induced by the ingestion of a High Protein Diet (P50) in rats. After total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vago group) or sham surgery (Sham group), rats consumed the control Diet for a 2-wk recovery period and then both groups consumed the High Protein Diet for 16 d. Daily food intake, meal pattern analysis and behavioral satiety sequence were measured. Total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not modify the daily intake of the control Diet or suppress the dramatic depression in food intake produced by acute transition to a High Protein Diet. However, the daily intake of a High Protein Diet was slightly reduced under acute conditions or even after adaptation (P < 0.005). Analysis of meal parameters and the behavioral satiety sequence after adaptation indicated no major metabolic distress. In conclusion, these results suggest that the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve does not constitute an obligatory pathway for the transfer of information to the brain, resulting in a depression of High Protein Diet intake. In contrast, a defect in this visceral regulating system could reinforce the metabolic-associated food intake depression signal.
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Total Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy Does Not Suppress High Protein Diet–Induced Food Intake Depression in Rats
The Journal of nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Diane L’heureux-bouron, Daniel Tome, Patrick C Even, Olivier Rampin, Christiane Larue-achagiotis, Gilles FromentinAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve is involved in the depression of food intake induced by the ingestion of a High Protein Diet (P50) in rats. After total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vago group) or sham surgery (Sham group), rats consumed the control Diet for a 2-wk recovery period and then both groups consumed the High Protein Diet for 16 d. Daily food intake, meal pattern analysis and behavioral satiety sequence were measured. Total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not modify the daily intake of the control Diet or suppress the dramatic depression in food intake produced by acute transition to a High Protein Diet. However, the daily intake of a High Protein Diet was slightly reduced under acute conditions or even after adaptation (P < 0.005). Analysis of meal parameters and the behavioral satiety sequence after adaptation indicated no major metabolic distress. In conclusion, these results suggest that the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve does not constitute an obligatory pathway for the transfer of information to the brain, resulting in a depression of High Protein Diet intake. In contrast, a defect in this visceral regulating system could reinforce the metabolic-associated food intake depression signal.
Tobin Silver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a High Protein Diet has no harmful effects a one year crossover study in resistance trained males
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Richard Buehn, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a High Protein Diet over a one-year period. Fourteen healthy resistance-trained men completed the study (mean ± SD; age yr; height cm; and average years of training yr). In a randomized crossover design, subjects consumed their habitual or normal Diet for 2 months and 4 months and alternated that with a Higher Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/d) for 2 months and 4 months. Thus, on average, each subject was on their normal Diet for 6 months and a Higher Protein Diet for 6 months. Body composition was assessed via the Bod Pod®. Each subject provided approximately 100–168 daily Dietary self-reports. During the subjects’ normal eating phase, they consumed (mean ± SD) kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. This significantly increased () during the High Protein phase to kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. Our investigation discovered that, in resistance-trained men that consumed a High Protein Diet (~2.51–3.32 g/kg/d) for one year, there were no harmful effects on measures of blood lipids as well as liver and kidney function. In addition, despite the total increase in energy intake during the High Protein phase, subjects did not experience an increase in fat mass.
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The effects of a High Protein Diet on indices of health and body composition – a crossover trial in resistance-trained men
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas, Corey PeacockAbstract:Background Eight weeks of a High Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/day) coupled with a periodized heavy resistance training program has been shown to positively affect body composition with no deleterious effects on health. Using a randomized, crossover design, resistance-trained male subjects underwent a 16-week intervention (i.e., two 8-week periods) in which they consumed either their normal (i.e., habitual) or a Higher Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/day). Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain if significantly increasing Protein intake would affect clinical markers of health (i.e., lipids, kidney function, etc.) as well as performance and body composition in young males with extensive resistance training experience. Methods Twelve healthy resistance-trained men volunteered for this study (mean ± SD: age 25.9 ± 3.7 years; height 178.0 ± 8.5 cm; years of resistance training experience 7.6 ± 3.6) with 11 subjects completing most of the assessments. In a randomized crossover trial, subjects were tested at baseline and after two 8-week treatment periods (i.e., habitual [normal] Diet and High Protein Diet) for body composition, measures of health (i.e., blood lipids, comprehensive metabolic panel) and performance. Each subject maintained a food diary for the 16-week treatment period (i.e., 8 weeks on their normal or habitual Diet and 8 weeks on a High Protein Diet). Each subject provided a food diary of two weekdays and one weekend day per week. In addition, subjects kept a diary of their training regimen that was used to calculate total work performed. Results During the normal and High Protein phase of the treatment period, subjects consumed 2.6 ± 0.8 and 3.3 ± 0.8 g/kg/day of Dietary Protein, respectively. The mean Protein intake over the 4-month period was 2.9 ± 0.9 g/kg/day. The High Protein group consumed significantly more calories and Protein ( p
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a High Protein Diet 3 4 g kg d combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women a follow up investigation
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The consumption of a High Protein Diet (>4 g/kg/d) in trained men and women who did not alter their exercise program has been previously shown to have no significant effect on body composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a High Protein Diet in conjunction with a periodized heavy resistance training program would affect indices of body composition, performance and health. Forty-eight healthy resistance-trained men and women completed this study (mean ± SD; Normal Protein group [NP n = 17, four female and 13 male]: 24.8 ± 6.9 yr; 174.0 ± 9.5 cm height; 74.7 ± 9.6 kg body weight; 2.4 ± 1.7 yr of training; High Protein group [HP n = 31, seven female and 24 male]: 22.9 ± 3.1 yr; 172.3 ± 7.7 cm; 74.3 ± 12.4 kg; 4.9 ± 4.1 yr of training). Moreover, all subjects participated in a split-routine, periodized heavy resistance-training program. Training and daily Diet logs were kept by each subject. Subjects in the NP and HP groups were instructed to consume their baseline (~2 g/kg/d) and >3 g/kg/d of Dietary Protein, respectively. Subjects in the NP and HP groups consumed 2.3 and 3.4 g/kg/day of Dietary Protein during the treatment period. The NP group consumed significantly (p < 0.05) more Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. The HP group consumed more (p < 0.05) total energy and Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more (p < 0.05) total calories and Protein compared to the NP group. There were significant time by group (p ≤ 0.05) changes in body weight (change: +1.3 ± 1.3 kg NP, −0.1 ± 2.5 HP), fat mass (change: −0.3 ± 2.2 kg NP, −1.7 ± 2.3 HP), and % body fat (change: −0.7 ± 2.8 NP, −2.4 ± 2.9 HP). The NP group gained significantly more body weight than the HP group; however, the HP group experienced a greater decrease in fat mass and % body fat. There was a significant time effect for FFM; however, there was a non-significant time by group effect for FFM (change: +1.5 ± 1.8 NP, +1.5 ± 2.2 HP). Furthermore, a significant time effect (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in both groups vis a vis improvements in maximal strength (i.e., 1-RM squat and bench) vertical jump and pull-ups; however, there were no significant time by group effects (p ≥ 0.05) for all exercise performance measures. Additionally, there were no changes in any of the blood parameters (i.e., basic metabolic panel). Consuming a High Protein Diet (3.4 g/kg/d) in conjunction with a heavy resistance-training program may confer benefits with regards to body composition. Furthermore, there is no evidence that consuming a High Protein Diet has any deleterious effects.
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the effects of consuming a High Protein Diet 4 4 g kg d on body composition in resistance trained individuals
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Corey A Peacock, Brandon Fromhoff, Tobin SilverAbstract:The consumption of Dietary Protein is important for resistance-trained individuals. It has been posited that intakes of 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day are needed for physically active individuals. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a very High Protein Diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained men and women. Thirty healthy resistance-trained individuals participated in this study (mean ± SD; age: 24.1 ± 5.6 yr; height: 171.4 ± 8.8 cm; weight: 73.3 ± 11.5 kg). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (CON) or High Protein (HP). The CON group was instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits over the course of the 8 week study. The HP group was instructed to consume 4.4 grams of Protein per kg body weight daily. They were also instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits (e.g. maintain the same fat and carbohydrate intake). Body composition (Bod Pod®), training volume (i.e. volume load), and food intake were determined at baseline and over the 8 week treatment period. The HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories pre vs post (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories than the CON (p < 0.05). The HP group consumed on average 307 ± 69 grams of Protein compared to 138 ± 42 in the CON. When expressed per unit body weight, the HP group consumed 4.4 ± 0.8 g/kg/d of Protein versus 1.8 ± 0.4 g/kg/d in the CON. There were no changes in training volume for either group. Moreover, there were no significant changes over time or between groups for body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, or percent body fat. Consuming 5.5 times the recommended daily allowance of Protein has no effect on body composition in resistance-trained individuals who otherwise maintain the same training regimen. This is the first interventional study to demonstrate that consuming a hypercaloric High Protein Diet does not result in an increase in body fat.
Corey A Peacock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a High Protein Diet has no harmful effects a one year crossover study in resistance trained males
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Richard Buehn, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a High Protein Diet over a one-year period. Fourteen healthy resistance-trained men completed the study (mean ± SD; age yr; height cm; and average years of training yr). In a randomized crossover design, subjects consumed their habitual or normal Diet for 2 months and 4 months and alternated that with a Higher Protein Diet (>3 g/kg/d) for 2 months and 4 months. Thus, on average, each subject was on their normal Diet for 6 months and a Higher Protein Diet for 6 months. Body composition was assessed via the Bod Pod®. Each subject provided approximately 100–168 daily Dietary self-reports. During the subjects’ normal eating phase, they consumed (mean ± SD) kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. This significantly increased () during the High Protein phase to kcals/kg/day and g/kg/day of Protein. Our investigation discovered that, in resistance-trained men that consumed a High Protein Diet (~2.51–3.32 g/kg/d) for one year, there were no harmful effects on measures of blood lipids as well as liver and kidney function. In addition, despite the total increase in energy intake during the High Protein phase, subjects did not experience an increase in fat mass.
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a High Protein Diet 3 4 g kg d combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women a follow up investigation
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez, Corey A PeacockAbstract:The consumption of a High Protein Diet (>4 g/kg/d) in trained men and women who did not alter their exercise program has been previously shown to have no significant effect on body composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a High Protein Diet in conjunction with a periodized heavy resistance training program would affect indices of body composition, performance and health. Forty-eight healthy resistance-trained men and women completed this study (mean ± SD; Normal Protein group [NP n = 17, four female and 13 male]: 24.8 ± 6.9 yr; 174.0 ± 9.5 cm height; 74.7 ± 9.6 kg body weight; 2.4 ± 1.7 yr of training; High Protein group [HP n = 31, seven female and 24 male]: 22.9 ± 3.1 yr; 172.3 ± 7.7 cm; 74.3 ± 12.4 kg; 4.9 ± 4.1 yr of training). Moreover, all subjects participated in a split-routine, periodized heavy resistance-training program. Training and daily Diet logs were kept by each subject. Subjects in the NP and HP groups were instructed to consume their baseline (~2 g/kg/d) and >3 g/kg/d of Dietary Protein, respectively. Subjects in the NP and HP groups consumed 2.3 and 3.4 g/kg/day of Dietary Protein during the treatment period. The NP group consumed significantly (p < 0.05) more Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. The HP group consumed more (p < 0.05) total energy and Protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more (p < 0.05) total calories and Protein compared to the NP group. There were significant time by group (p ≤ 0.05) changes in body weight (change: +1.3 ± 1.3 kg NP, −0.1 ± 2.5 HP), fat mass (change: −0.3 ± 2.2 kg NP, −1.7 ± 2.3 HP), and % body fat (change: −0.7 ± 2.8 NP, −2.4 ± 2.9 HP). The NP group gained significantly more body weight than the HP group; however, the HP group experienced a greater decrease in fat mass and % body fat. There was a significant time effect for FFM; however, there was a non-significant time by group effect for FFM (change: +1.5 ± 1.8 NP, +1.5 ± 2.2 HP). Furthermore, a significant time effect (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in both groups vis a vis improvements in maximal strength (i.e., 1-RM squat and bench) vertical jump and pull-ups; however, there were no significant time by group effects (p ≥ 0.05) for all exercise performance measures. Additionally, there were no changes in any of the blood parameters (i.e., basic metabolic panel). Consuming a High Protein Diet (3.4 g/kg/d) in conjunction with a heavy resistance-training program may confer benefits with regards to body composition. Furthermore, there is no evidence that consuming a High Protein Diet has any deleterious effects.
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the effects of consuming a High Protein Diet 4 4 g kg d on body composition in resistance trained individuals
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Corey A Peacock, Brandon Fromhoff, Tobin SilverAbstract:The consumption of Dietary Protein is important for resistance-trained individuals. It has been posited that intakes of 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day are needed for physically active individuals. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a very High Protein Diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained men and women. Thirty healthy resistance-trained individuals participated in this study (mean ± SD; age: 24.1 ± 5.6 yr; height: 171.4 ± 8.8 cm; weight: 73.3 ± 11.5 kg). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (CON) or High Protein (HP). The CON group was instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits over the course of the 8 week study. The HP group was instructed to consume 4.4 grams of Protein per kg body weight daily. They were also instructed to maintain the same training and Dietary habits (e.g. maintain the same fat and carbohydrate intake). Body composition (Bod Pod®), training volume (i.e. volume load), and food intake were determined at baseline and over the 8 week treatment period. The HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories pre vs post (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more Protein and calories than the CON (p < 0.05). The HP group consumed on average 307 ± 69 grams of Protein compared to 138 ± 42 in the CON. When expressed per unit body weight, the HP group consumed 4.4 ± 0.8 g/kg/d of Protein versus 1.8 ± 0.4 g/kg/d in the CON. There were no changes in training volume for either group. Moreover, there were no significant changes over time or between groups for body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, or percent body fat. Consuming 5.5 times the recommended daily allowance of Protein has no effect on body composition in resistance-trained individuals who otherwise maintain the same training regimen. This is the first interventional study to demonstrate that consuming a hypercaloric High Protein Diet does not result in an increase in body fat.